Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-16T12:53:25.831Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Amplified fragment length polymorphism used for inter- and intraspecific differentiation of screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 November 2008

L. Alamalakala ,
S.R. Skoda  and
J.E. Foster
L. Alamalakala
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Insect Genetics Laboratory, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0816, USA
S.R. Skoda*
Affiliation:
USDA–ARS–SRU, American Embassy, PSC 2 Box 4178, APO, AA 34002
J.E. Foster
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Insect Genetics Laboratory, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0816, USA
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: 011(507) 296-0969 E-mail: steve.skoda@ars.usda.gov
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Morphologically, early immature stages of the economically important pest called screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and non-pest secondary screwworms, Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), are nearly indistinguishable. Correct identification is crucial to the ongoing eradication and exclusion program protecting the United States, Mexico and Central America from reinvasion of screwworms persistent in South America and the Caribbean. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) polymerase chain reaction was used to differentiate populations of C. hominivorax and to discriminate them from C. macellaria. Ten primer pairs screened for interspecific discrimination of C. hominivorax from C. macellaria showed 52 discrete bands, allowing the two species to be readily distinguished; divergent branches on resulting dendrograms showed 100% bootstrap support. C. macellaria populations grouped at the 92% level; C. hominivorax populations grouped at the 68% level. Of the 52 bands, seven were monomorphic for both species, 22 were specific to C. macellaria, ten were present only in C. hominivorax and the remaining 13 bands differentiated C. hominivorax populations. Separate studies using ten strains of C. hominivorax showed a higher level of genetic similarity within than between populations. Analyses using 72 bands (19 monomorphic bands, 53 bands grouped all ten strains at the 58% similarity level) resolved seven mutant strains from Mexico (85% similarity level); all ten strains were resolved at the 72% similarity level. Diagnostic bands were identified for species and strain identification. We conclude that AFLP can be a valuable tool for studies of interspecific and intraspecific genetic variation in screwworm populations.

Keywords

AFLPC. hominivoraxC. macellariagenetic similarity
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 99 , Issue 2 , April 2009 , pp. 139 - 149
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anonymous (1990) Suspected screwworms in Texas. Texas A&M Agricultural Experiment Station, Foreign Animal Disease Report 18, 4.Google Scholar
Avise, J.C. (1994) Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution. 511 pp. New York, Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Bensch, S. & Åkesson, M. (2005) Ten years of AFLP in ecology and evolution: why so few aminals? Molecular Ecology 14, 2899–2914.Google Scholar
Black, W.C. IV & Duteau, N.M. (1997) RAPD-PCR and SSCP analysis for insect population genetic studies. pp. 361–373in Crampton, J.M., Beard, C.B. & Louis, C. (Eds) The Molecular Biology of Insect Disease Vectors: A Methods Manual. New York, Chapman & Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borowsky, R.L. (2001) Estimating nucleotide diversity from random amplified polymorphic DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 18, 143–148.Google Scholar
Bram, R.A. (1985) Future screwworm eradication programs. pp. 37–40in Graham, O.H. (Ed.) First Symposium on Eradication of the Screwworm from the United States and Mexico. Entomological Society of America, 9–13 December 1984, College Park, MD, USA.Google Scholar
Cervera, M.T., Cabezas, J.A., Simon, B., Martinex-Zapater, J.M., Beitia, F. & Cenis, J.L. (2000) Genetic relationships among biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) based on AFLP analysis. Bulletin of Entomological Research 90, 391–396.Google Scholar
Chermette, R. (1989) A case of otitis due to screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, in France. Veterinary Records 124, 641.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, P.L., Molina-Ochoa, J., Martinelli, S., Skoda, S.R., Isenhour, D.J., Krumm, J.T. & Foster, J.E. (2007) Population variation of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in the Western Hemisphere. Journal of Insect Science 7, 10 pp. Available online at http://www.insectscience.org/7.05/.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Felsenstein, J. (1985) Confidence limits of phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39, 783–791.Google Scholar
Figarola, J.L., Skoda, S.R., Berkebile, D.R. & Foster, J.E. (2001) Identification of screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAb-ELISA). Veterinary Parasitology 102, 341–354.Google Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1992) The New World screwworm eradication program: North Africa 1988–1992. Rome, Italy, FAO.Google Scholar
Hall, M.J.R. & Beesley, W.N. (1990) The New World screwworm fly in North Africa. Pesticide Outlook 1, 34–37.Google Scholar
Hall, M.J.R. & Wall, R. (1995) Myiasis of humans and domestic animals. Advances in Parasitology 35, 257–334.Google Scholar
Haymer, D.S. (1994) Random amplified polymorphic DNA and microsatellites. What are they and can they tell us anything we don't really know? Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87, 717–722.Google Scholar
Infante-Malachias, M.E., Yotoko, K.S.C. & Azeredo Espin, A.M.L. (1999) Random amplified polymorphic DNA of screwworm fly populations (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Southeastern Brazil and Northern Argentina. Genome 42, 772–779.Google Scholar
Katiyar, S.K., Chandel, G., Tan, Y., Zhang, Y., Huang, B., Nugaliyadde, L., Fernando, K., Bentur, J.S., Inthavong, J., Constantino, S. & Bennett, J. (2000) Biodiversity of Asian gall midge (Orseolia oryzae Wood Mason) from five countries examined by AFLP analysis. Genome 43, 322–332.Google Scholar
Krafsur, E.S. & Whitten, C.J. (1993) Breeding structure of screwworm fly populations (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Colima, Mexico. Journal of Medical Entomology 30, 477–480.Google Scholar
Leite, A.C.R. & Guevara, J.D.E. (1993) Scanning electron microscopy of the larval instars of Cochliomyia hominivorax. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 7, 263–270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leung, H., Nelson, R.J. & Leach, J.E. (1993) Population structure of plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Advances in Plant Pathology 10, 157–205.Google Scholar
Litjens, P., Lessinger, A.C. & de Azeredo-Espin, A.M. (2001) Characterization of the screwworm flies Cochliomyia hominivorax and Cochliomyia macellaria by PCR-RFLP of mitochondrial DNA. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 15, 183–188.Google Scholar
Majer, D., Mithen, R., Lewis, B., Vos, P. & Oliver, R. (1996) The use of AFLP fingerprinting for the detection of genetic variation in fungi. Mycological Research 100, 1107–1111.Google Scholar
Maugham, P.J., Saghai-Maroof, M.A., Buss, G.R. & Huestis, G.M. (1996) Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in soybean: species diversity, inheritance and near-isogenic line analysis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 93, 392–401.Google Scholar
McMichael, M. & Pashley, P.D. (1999) Differences in amplified fragment length polymorphisms in fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) host strains. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 92, 175–181.Google Scholar
Narang, S.K. & Degrugillier, M.E. (1995) Genetic fingerprinting of the screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) infestation in North Africa by mitochondrial DNA markers. Florida Entomologist 78, 294–304.Google Scholar
Parker, P.G., Snow, A.A., Schug, M.G., Booton, G.C. & Fuerst, P.A. (1998) What molecules can tell us about populations: choosing and using a molecular marker. Ecology 79, 361–382.Google Scholar
Reineke, A., Karlovsky, P. & Zebitz, C.P.W. (1999) Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of different geographic populations of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 89, 79–88.Google Scholar
Roderick, G.K. (1996) Geographic structure of insect populations: gene flow, phylogeography and their uses. Annual Review of Entomology 41, 325–352.Google Scholar
Roehrdanz, R.L. (1989) Intraspecific genetic variability in mitochondrial DNA of the screwworm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax). Biochemical Genetics 27, 551–569.Google Scholar
Roehrdanz, R.L. & Johnson, D.A. (1988) Mitochondrial DNA variation among geographical populations of the screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax. Journal of Medical Entomology 25, 136–141.Google Scholar
Rohlf, F.J. (1997) NTSYS-pc: numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. Version 2.02. Setauket, NY, Exeter Publishing Ltd.Google Scholar
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. & Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, vol. 1. Plainview, NY, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.Google Scholar
Sanchez, G., Restrepo, S., Duque, M.-C., Fregene, M., Bonierbale, M. & Verdier, V. (1998) AFLP assessment of genetic variability in cassava accessions (Manihot esculenta) resistant and susceptible to the cassava bacterial blight (CBB). Genome 42, 163–172.Google Scholar
Searson, J., Sanders, L., Davis, G., Tweddle, N. & Thornber, P. (1992) Screw-worm fly myiasis in an overseas traveler-case report. Communicable Disease Intelligence 16, 239–240.Google Scholar
Sneath, P.H.A. & Sokal, R.R. (1973) Numerical taxonomy. 573 pp. San Francisco, CA, Freeman Press.Google Scholar
Skoda, S.R., Pornkulwat, S. & Foster, J.E. (2002) Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers for discriminating Cochliomyia hominivorax from C. macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 92, 89–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sokal, R.R. & Michener, C.D. (1958) A statistical method for evaluating systematic relationships. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 38, 1409–1438.Google Scholar
Suazo, A. & Hall, H.G. (1999) Modification of the AFLP protocol applied to honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) DNA. Biotechniques 26, 704–705, 708–709.Google Scholar
Taylor, D.B. & Peterson, R.D. II (1994) Population genetics and gene variation in primary and secondary screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87, 626–633.Google Scholar
Taylor, D.B., Szalanski, A.L. & Peterson, R.D. II (1996) Mitochondrial DNA variation in screwworm. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 10, 161–169.Google Scholar
Torres, T.T. & Azeredo-Espin, A.M.L. (2005) Development of new polymorphic microsatellite markers for the New World screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Molecular Ecology Notes 5, 815–817.Google Scholar
Vargas-Terán, M., Hofmann, H.C. & Tweddle, N.E. (2005) Impact of screwworm eradication programmes using the sterile insect technique. pp. 629–650in Dyck, V.A., Hendrichs, J. & Robinson, A.S. (Eds) Sterile Insect Technique: Principles and Practices in Area-wide Integrated Pest Management. The Netherlands, Springer.Google Scholar
Vos, P., Hogers, R., Bkeeker, M., Reijans, M., van de Lee, T., Horner, M., Frijters, A., Pot, J., Peleman, J., Kuiper, K. & Zabeau, M. (1995) AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Research 23, 4407–4414.Google Scholar
Welsh, J. & McClelland, M. (1990) Fingerprinting genomes using PCR with arbitrary primers. Nucleic Acids Research 18, 7213–7218.Google Scholar
Williams, J.G.K., Kubelik, A.R., Livak, K.J., Rafalski, J.A. & Tingey, S.V. (1990) DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research 18, 6531–6535.Google Scholar
Wyss, J.H. & Galvin, T.J. (1996) Central America regional screwworm eradication program (benefit/cost study). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 791, 241–247.Google Scholar
Yap, I. & Nelson, R.J. (1996) WinBoot: a program for performing bootstrap analysis of binary data to determine the confidence limits of UPGMA-based dendrograms. IRRI Discussion Paper Series No. 14. International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines.Google Scholar