Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-995ml Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-29T11:23:40.257Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Utilization of ileal digestible amino acids by growing pigs: threonine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

S. A. Beech
Affiliation:
NSW Agriculture and Fisheries, Wollongbar Agricultural Institute, Wollongbar, New South Wales 2477, Australia
E. S. Batterham
Affiliation:
NSW Agriculture and Fisheries, Wollongbar Agricultural Institute, Wollongbar, New South Wales 2477, Australia
R. Elliott
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

An experiment was conducted to determine the utilization of ileal digestible threonine by growing pigs. Three threonine-deficient diets (0.22 g ileal digestible threonine/MJ digestible energy (DE)) were formulated using cottonseed meal, meat-and-bone meal and soya-bean meal respectively, as the only source of threonine in the diet. An additional three diets were formulated with supplements of threonine to confirm that threonine was limiting in the first three diets. The growth performance and retention of threonine by pigs given the six diets over the 20–45 kg growth phase was then determined. Growth rates (g/d) of the pigs given the three diets formulated to 0.22 g ileal digestible threonine/MJ DE were significantly different (P < 0.001): cottonseed meal 417, meat-and-bone meal 452, soya-bean meal 524 (sed 13.6). The response of pigs to the addition of threonine confirmed that threonine was limiting in these diets. Crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) deposited by the pigs (g/d) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) for those given soya-bean meal (75), relative to meat-and-bone meal (62) and cottonseed meal (47) (sed 3.3). The proportion of ileal digestible threonine retained by pigs given the three protein concentrates was: cottonseed meal 0.44, meat-and-bone meal 0.59, soya-bean meal 0.64 (sed 0.024). These results indicate that values for the ileal digestibility of threonine in protein concentrates are unsuitable in dietary formulations as the assay does not reflect the proportion of threonine that can be utilized by the pig. It appears that, with heat-processed meals, a considerable proportion of the threonine is absorbed in a form(s) that is (are) inefficiently utilized.

Type
Utilization of Amino Acids
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1991

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council (1981). The Nutrient Requirements of Pigs. Slough: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Batterham, E. S., Andersen, L. M., Baigent, D. R., Beech, S. A. & Elliott, R. (1990 a). Utilization of ileal digestible amino acids by pigs: lysine. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 679690.Google Scholar
Batterham, E. S., Andersen, L. M., Baigent, D. R., Darnell, R. E. & Taverner, M. R. (1990 b). A comparison of lysine availability and ileal digestibility in cottonseed and soya-bean meals for grower/finisher pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 663677.Google Scholar
Batterham, E. S., Andersen, L. M., Baigent, D. R. & White, E. (1990 c). Utilization of ileal digestible amino acids by growing pigs: effect of dietary lysine concentration on efficiency of lysine retention. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 8194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Batterham, E. S. & Murison, R. D. (1981). Utilization of free lysine by growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 46, 8792.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Batterham, E. S., Murison, R. D. & Andersen, L. M. (1984). Availability of lysine in vegetable protein concentrates as determined by the slope-ratio assay with growing pigs and rats and by chemical techniques. British Journal of Nutrition 51, 8599.Google Scholar
Beech, S. A., Elliott, R. & Batterham, E. S. (1990). Sucrose as an energy source for growing pigs: digestible energy content and energy utilization. Animal Production 51, 343355.Google Scholar
Black, J. L., Campbell, R. G., Williams, I. H., James, K. J. & Davies, G. T. (1986). Simulation of energy and amino acid utilization in the pig. Research and Development in Agriculture 3, 121145.Google Scholar
Burlacu, G., Baia, G., Ionila, D., Moisa, D., Tascenco, V., Visan, I. & Stoica, I. (1973). Efficiency of the utilization of the energy of food in piglets after weaning. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 81, 295302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, R. G., Taverner, M. R. & Rayner, C. J. (1988). The tissue and dietary protein and amino acid requirements of pigs from 8.0 to 20.0 kg live weight. Animal Production 46, 283290.Google Scholar
Fuller, M. F. & Wang, T. C. (1987). Amino acid requirements of the growing pig. In Manipulating Pig Production, pp. 97111 [Barnett, J. L.Batterham, E. S., Cronin, G. M.Hansen, C.Hemsworth, P. H.Hennessy, D. P.Hughes, P. E.Johnston, N. E. and King, R. H., editors]. Ferntree Gully: JLF Promotions.Google Scholar
Jordan, J. W. & Brown, W. O. (1970). The retention of energy and protein in the baby pig fed on cow's milk. In Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals, pp. 161164 [Schurch, A. and Wenk, C., editors]. Zürich: Juris Druck and Verlag.Google Scholar
Standing Committee on Agriculture (1987). Feeding Standards for Australian Livestock. Pigs. East Melbourne: CSIRO.Google Scholar
Tanksley, T. D. & Knabe, D. A. (1981). Use of cottonseed meal in swine rations. Feedstuffs 53, 2427.Google Scholar