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LIPGENE food-exchange model for alteration of dietary fat quantity and quality in free-living participants from eight European countries

  • Danielle I. Shaw (a1), Audrey C. Tierney (a2), Sinead McCarthy (a2), Jane Upritchard (a3), Susan Vermunt (a3), Hanne L. Gulseth (a4) (a5), Christian A. Drevon (a6), Ellen E. Blaak (a7), Wim H. M. Saris (a7), Brita Karlström (a8), Olfa Helal (a9), Catherine Defoort (a9), Raquel Gallego (a10), José López-Miranda (a10), Dominika Siedlecka (a11), Małgorzata Malczewska-Malec (a11), Helen M. Roche (a2) and Julie A. Lovegrove (a1)...

Abstract

Controlled human intervention trials are required to confirm the hypothesis that dietary fat quality may influence insulin action. The aim was to develop a food-exchange model, suitable for use in free-living volunteers, to investigate the effects of four experimental diets distinct in fat quantity and quality: high SFA (HSFA); high MUFA (HMUFA) and two low-fat (LF) diets, one supplemented with 1·24 g EPA and DHA/d (LFn-3). A theoretical food-exchange model was developed. The average quantity of exchangeable fat was calculated as the sum of fat provided by added fats (spreads and oils), milk, cheese, biscuits, cakes, buns and pastries using data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of UK adults. Most of the exchangeable fat was replaced by specifically designed study foods. Also critical to the model was the use of carbohydrate exchanges to ensure the diets were isoenergetic. Volunteers from eight centres across Europe completed the dietary intervention. Results indicated that compositional targets were largely achieved with significant differences in fat quantity between the high-fat diets (39·9 (sem 0·6) and 38·9 (sem 0·51) percentage energy (%E) from fat for the HSFA and HMUFA diets respectively) and the low-fat diets (29·6 (sem 0·6) and 29·1 (sem 0·5) %E from fat for the LF and LFn-3 diets respectively) and fat quality (17·5 (sem 0·3) and 10·4 (sem 0·2) %E from SFA and 12·7 (sem 0·3) and 18·7 (sem 0·4) %E MUFA for the HSFA and HMUFA diets respectively). In conclusion, a robust, flexible food-exchange model was developed and implemented successfully in the LIPGENE dietary intervention trial.

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Copyright

COPYRIGHT: © The Authors 2008

Corresponding author

*Corresponding author: Dr Julie A. Lovegrove, fax +44 118 378 0080, email j.a.lovegrove@reading.ac.uk

References

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1Knapper, JME, Tredger, JA, Webb, D, Culverwell, C, Faulkner, W, Roche, H & Williams, CM (1996) Substitution of dietary monounsaturated fatty acids for saturated fatty acids in a free-living population: a feasibility study. J Hum Nutr Diet 9, 273–282.
2Nydahl, MC, Smith, RD, Kelly, CNM, Fielding, BA & Williams, CM (2003) Achievement of dietary fatty acid intakes in long-term controlled intervention studies: approach and methodology. Public Health Nutr 6, 31–40.
3Tierney, AC, Lovegrove, JA, Lovdal Gulseth, , et al. (2007) LIPGENE dietary intervention: cohort details and study design. Proc Nutr Soc 66, 33A.
4Henderson, L, Gregory, J, Irving, K & Swan, G (2003) The National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Adults Aged 19–64 Years. London: H.M. Stationery Office.
5Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2000) DEFRA Economics & Statistics – National Food Survey 2000.http://statistics.defra.gov.uk/esg/publications/nfs/2000/default.asp.
6Harrington, KE, Robson, PJ, Kiely, M, Livingstone, MB, Lambe, J & Gibney, MG (2001) The North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey: survey design and methodology. Public Health Nutr 4, 1037–1042.
7Roche, HM, Zampelas, A, Knapper, JME, et al. (1998) Effect of long-term olive oil dietary intervention on postprandial triacylglycerol and factor VII metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 68, 552–560.
8Black, AE (2000) The sensitivity and specificity of the Goldberg cut-off for EI:BMR for identifying diet reports of poor validity. Eur J Clin Nutr 54, 395–404.
9Moore, C, Farrant, H, Gitau, R, Goff, L, Griffin, M, Lewis, F & Lovegrove, J (2008) The RISCK food exchange model: a dietary strategy to alter the amount and composition of fat and carbohydrate in free-living individuals. Proc Nutr Soc (In the Press).

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  • Cited by 58

  • Access

LIPGENE food-exchange model for alteration of dietary fat quantity and quality in free-living participants from eight European countries

  • Danielle I. Shaw (a1), Audrey C. Tierney (a2), Sinead McCarthy (a2), Jane Upritchard (a3), Susan Vermunt (a3), Hanne L. Gulseth (a4) (a5), Christian A. Drevon (a6), Ellen E. Blaak (a7), Wim H. M. Saris (a7), Brita Karlström (a8), Olfa Helal (a9), Catherine Defoort (a9), Raquel Gallego (a10), José López-Miranda (a10), Dominika Siedlecka (a11), Małgorzata Malczewska-Malec (a11), Helen M. Roche (a2) and Julie A. Lovegrove (a1)...

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