Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-dnltx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T06:23:09.132Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Fibre-mediated physiological effects of raw and processed carrots in humans*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Elisabeth Wisker ,
Thomas F. Schwejzer ,
Martina Daniel  and
Walter Feldheim
Elisabeth Wisker
Affiliation:
Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Dusternbrooker Weg 17, 0-24105 Kiel, Germany
Thomas F. Schwejzer
Affiliation:
Nestlé Research Centre, Nestec Ltd, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-I000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
Martina Daniel
Affiliation:
Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Dusternbrooker Weg 17, 0-24105 Kiel, Germany
Walter Feldheim
Affiliation:
Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Dusternbrooker Weg 17, 0-24105 Kiel, Germany
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Fibre-mediated physiological effects of raw and processed carrots were investigated in twenty-four young women under strict dietary control in two randomized crossover studies. For 3 weeks between 405 and 688 g of either raw frozen, blanched or canned carrots (first study), or raw or raw frozen carrots (second study) were consumed in addition to a low-fibre basal diet. Carrots provided 15 g dietary fibre (DF)/d. Total DF intake was 16.0 to 1.90 g (control periods) and 31 to 34 g (experimental periods). Faecal bulking effects of raw and processed carrots were similar (between 2.4 and 3.7 g additional stool/g carrot fibre in the diet). Faecal excretion of dry matter, fibre, and protein also increased significantly during carrot consumption. Fermentability of carrot fibre constituents was high (91–94%) and independent of processing, in spite of differences in the distribution of soluble and insoluble fibre and in the texture of raw and processed carrots. There was no effect of either type of carrot on serum total and high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol or on faecal bile acid excretion.

Keywords

CarrotsFibreHumans
Type
Physiological effects of carrot fibre
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 72 , Issue 4 , October 1994 , pp. 579 - 599
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1994

References

REFERENCES

Adlercreutz, H. & Tallqvist, G. (1959). Variations in the serum total cholesterol and hematocrit values in normal women during menstrual cycle. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 11, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, N. E. & Clydesdale, F. M. (1980). Effect of processing on dietary fiber content of wheat bran, pureed green beans, and carrots. Journal of Food Science 45, 1533–1537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, J. W., Gustafson, N. J., Spencer, D. B., Tietyen, J. & Bryant, C. A. (1990). Serum lipid response of hypercholesterolemic men to single and divided doses of canned beans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51, 1013–1019.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arbeitsgemeinschaft Getreideforschung (1978). Standard-Methoden fur Getreide, Mehl und Brot (Standard Methods for Grain, Flour and Bread). Detmold, Germany: Schafer.Google Scholar
Bach Knudsen, K. E., Aman, P. & Eggum, B. O. (1987). Nutritive value of Danish grown barley varieties. 1. Carbohydrate and other major constituents. Journal of Cereal Science 6, 173–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, M. & Venhaus, A. (1992). Dietary fibre in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. In Dietary Fibre - A Component of Food, pp. 279–292 [Schweizer, T. F. and Edwards, C. A., editors]. London: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjorck, I., Nyman, M. & Asp, N. G. (1984). Extrusion cooking of dietary fiber - effects on dietary fiber content and on degradation in the rat intestinal tract. Cereal Chemistry 61, 174–179.Google Scholar
Chen, W. J., Anderson, J. W. & Jennings, D. (1984). Propionate may mediate the hypocholesterolemic effects of certain soluble plant fibres in cholesterol-fed rats. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 175, 215–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cummings, J. H. (1984). Microbial digestion of complex carbohydrates in man. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 43, 35–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cummings, J. H. (1986). The effect of dietary fiber on fecal weight and composition. In Handbook of Dietary Fiber in Human Nutrition, pp. 211–280 [Spiller, G. A., editor]. Boca Raton: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Demacker, P. N. M., Schade, R. W. B., Stalenhoef, A. F. H., Stuyt, P. M. J. & Van't Laar, A. (1982). Influence of contraceptive pill and menstrual cycle on serum lipids and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. British Medical Journal 284, 1213–1215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Lebensmittelchemie (1986). Souci, Fachmann, Kraut. Nahrwert Tabellen 1986/87 (Nutrition Tables 1986/87). Stuttgart, Germany: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft.Google Scholar
Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Ernahrung (1988). Ernührungsbericht 1988 (Nutrition Report 1988). Frankfurt, Germany: Henrich.Google Scholar
Eckel, W., Wieland, H., Heuck, C. C., Seidel, D., Dietrich, R. & Scheurler, H. (1977). Eine zuverlassige und einfache Methode zur Erkennung gefahrlicher Formen von Dyslipoproteinamie (A reliable and simple procedure for detection of dangerous forms of dyslipoproteinemia). Arztliches Laboratorium 23, 101–110.Google Scholar
Englyst, H. N. & Cummings, J. H. (1984). Simplified method for the measurement of total non-starch polysaccharides by gas-liquid chromatography of constituent sugars as alditol acetates. Analyst 109, 937–942.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gormley, T. R., Kevany, J., Egan, J. P. & McFarlane, R. (1977). Effects of apples on serum cholesterol levels in humans. Irish Journal of Food Science and Technology 1, 117–128.Google Scholar
Gormley, T. R., Kevany, J., O'Donnell, B. & McFarlane, R. (1979). Effects of peas on serum cholesterol levels in humans. Irish Journal of Food Science and Technology 3, 101–109.Google Scholar
Jacobs, L. R. (1990). Influence of soluble fibers on experimental colon carcinogenesis. In Dietary Fiber. Chemistry, Physiology and Heulth Efects, pp. 399–402. [Kritchevsky, D., C., Bonfield and Anderson, J. W., editors]. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Jenkins, D. J. A., Reynolds, D., Leeds, A. R., Waller, A. L. & Cummings, J. H. (1979). Hypocholesterolemic action of dietary fiber unrelated to fecal bulking effect. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32, 2430–2435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kesaniemi, Y. A., Tarpila, S. & Miettinen, T. A. (1990). Low vs high dietary fiber and serum, biliary, and fecal lipids in middle aged men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51, 1007–1012.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Key, F. B. & Mathers, J. C. (1990). Estimation of the digestibility of NSP for wholemeal bread and haricot beans fed in mixed diets. In Dietary Fibre, Chemical and Biological Aspects, pp. 254–258. [Southgate, D. A. T., Waldron, K., Johnson, I. T. and Fenwick, G. R., editors]. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
Kritchevsky, D. & Story, J. A. (1986). Influence of dietary fiber on cholesterol metabolism in experimental animals. In Handbook of Dietary Fiber in Human Nutrition, pp. 129–142 [Spiller, G. A., editor]. Boca Raton: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Lintas, C. & Cappeloni, M. (1988). Content and composition of dietary fibre in raw and cooked vegetables. Human Nutrition: Food Sciences and Nutrition 42F, 117–124.Google Scholar
Longland, A. C. & Low, A. G. (1990). The contribution of microbial non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) to the total NSP content of faeces. In Dietary Fibre, Chemical and Biological Aspects, pp. 7376. [Southgate, D. A. T., Waldron, K., Johnson, I. T. and Fenwick, G. R., editors]. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
McNeill, N. I. (1984). The contribution of the large intestine to energy supplies in man. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 39, 338–342.Google Scholar
Nyman, M. & Asp, N. G. (1985). Dietary fibre fermentation in the rat intestinal tract: effect of adaptation period, protein and fibre levels, and particle size. British Journal of Nutrition 54, 635–643.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nyman, M., Bjorck, I., Hikansson, B. & Asp, N.-G. (1987a). Popping of whole grain wheat. Effects on dietary fiber degradation in the rat intestinal tract. Journal of Cereal Science 5, 67–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nyman, M., Pilsson, K. E. & Asp, N. G. (1987b). Effects of processing of dietary fibre in vegetables. Lebensmittel- Wissenschaft and Technologie 20, 29–36.Google Scholar
Nyman, M., Schweizer, T. F., Pilsson, K. E. & Asp, N. G. (1991). Effects of processing on fermentation of dietary fibre in vegetables by rats. Lebensmittel- Wissenschaft und Technologie 24, 433–441.Google Scholar
Prosky, L., Asp, N.-G., Furda, I., DeVries, J. H., Schwekr, T. F. & Harland, B. (1985). Determination of total dietary fiber in foods and food products. Collaborative study. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 68, 677–679.Google ScholarPubMed
Prosky, L., Asp, N. G., Schweizer, T. F., DeVries, J. H. & Furda, I. (1988). Determination of insoluble, soluble, and total dietary fiber in foods and food products. Interlaboratory study. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 71, 1017–1023.Google ScholarPubMed
Robertson, J., Brydon, W. G., Tadesse, K., Wenhem, P., Walls, A. & Eastwood, M. A. (1979). The effect of raw carrot on serum lipids and colonic function. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32, 1889–1892.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roediger, W. E. W. (1980). Role of anaerobic bacteria in the metabolic welfare of the colonic mucosa in man. Gut 21, 793–798.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salyers, A. A. & McCarthy, R. E. (1989). Assessing the importance of host-derived polysaccharides as carbon sources for bacteria growing in the human colon. Animal Feed Science and Technology 23, 109–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schweizer, T. F., Bekhechi, A. R., Koellreuter, B., Reimann, S., Pometta, D. & Bron, B. (1983). Metabolic effects of dietary fiber from dehulled soybeans in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 38, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stasse-Wolthuis, M., Albers, H. F. F., VanJeveren, J. G. C., DeJong, J. W., Hautvast, J. G. A. J., Hermus, R. J. J., Katan, M. B., Brydon, W. G. & Eastwood, M. A. (1980). Intluence of dietary fiber from vegetables and fruits, bran or citrus pectin on serum lipids, fecal lipids, and colonic function. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33, 1745–1756.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stasse-Wolthuis, M., Hautvast, J. G. A. J., Hermus, R. J. J., Katan, M. B., Bausch, J. E., Rietberg-Brussaard, J. H., Velema, J. P., Zondervan, J. H., Eastwood, M. A. & Brydon, W. G. (1979). The effect of a natural high fiber diet on serum lipids, fecal lipids, and colonic function. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32, 1881–1888.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stephen, A. M. & Cummings, J. H. (1980a). Mechanism of action of dietary fibre in the human colon. Nature 284, 283–284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stephen, A. M. & Cummings, J. H. (1980b). The microbial contribution to human faecal mass. Journal of Medica1 Microbiology 13, 46–56.Google ScholarPubMed
Theander, O. & Westerlund, E. A. (1986). Studies on dietary fiber. 3. Improved procedure for analysis of dietary fiber. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 34, 330–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Truswell, A. S. & Beynen, A. C. (1992). Dietary fiber and plasma lipids: potential for prevention and treatment of hyperlipidaemias. In Dietary Fibre - A Component of Food, pp. 295–332 [Schweizer, T. F. and Edwards, C. A., editors]. London: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wisker, E. & Feldheim, P. (1990). Metabolizable energy from diets high or low in dietary fiber from fruits and vegetables when consured by humans. Journal of Nutrition 120, 1331–1337.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wisker, E., Godau, A., Daniel, M., Peschutter, G. & Feldheim, W. (1992). Contribution of barley fiber to the metabolizable energy of human diets. Nutrition Research 12, 1315–1323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wisker, E., Krumm, U. & Feldheim, W. (1986). EinfluB der PartikelgroDe von Getreideprodukten auf das Stuhlgewicht von jungen Frauen (Influence of particle size of cereals on stool weight in young women). Aktuelle Ernuhrung 11, 208–211.Google Scholar
Wisker, E., Maltz, A. & Feldheim, W. (1988). Metabolizable energy of diets low or high in dietary fiber from cereals when eaten by humans. Journal of Nutrition 118, 945–952.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wyman, J. B., Heaton, K. W., Manning, A. P. & Wicks, A. C. B. (1976). The effect on intestinal transit and the feces of raw and cooked bran in different doses. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 29, 1474–1479.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed