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Association of diet quality during pregnancy with maternal glucose metabolism in Chinese women

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 February 2023

Wenting Pan ,
Shamshad Karatela ,
Qinggui Lu ,
Luqin Xie ,
Shengchi Wu ,
Jin Jing  and
Li Cai Open the ORCID record for Li Cai [Opens in a new window]
Wenting Pan
Affiliation:
Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China Office of Hospital Quality and Safety Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, People’s Republic of China
Shamshad Karatela
Affiliation:
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
Qinggui Lu
Affiliation:
Department of Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
Luqin Xie
Affiliation:
Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
Shengchi Wu
Affiliation:
Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
Jin Jing
Affiliation:
Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
Li Cai*
Affiliation:
Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Diet and Health, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
*
*Corresponding author: Li Cai, email caili5@mail.sysu.edu.cn
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Abstract

Overall diet quality during pregnancy has played an important role on maternal glucose metabolism. However, evidence based on the adherence to the dietary guideline is limited, especially for Asian populations. We aimed to examine the association between adherence to the Chinese dietary guideline measured by the Diet Balance Index for Pregnancy (DBI-P) and maternal glucose metabolism, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) status, fasting and 2-h plasma glucose. Data were obtained from the baseline survey of the Yuexiu birth cohort. We recruited 942 pregnant women at 20–28 weeks of gestation in 2017–2018. Dietary intakes during the past month were collected using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ. The scores of DBI-P were calculated to assess dietary quality. Lower absolute values of the scores indicate higher adherence to the Chinese dietary guidelines. All participants underwent a 75 g of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were conducted. The Benjamini–Hochberg method was used to adjust multiple comparisons across DBI-P food components. The value of high bound score indicator, reflecting excessive total food intake, was positively associated with OGTT-2h glucose levels (β = 0·037, P = 0·029). After adjustment for multiple comparisons, the score of animal food intake was positively associated with OGTT-2 h glucose levels (β = 0·045, P = 0·045) and risk of GDM (OR = 1·105, P = 0·030). In conclusion, excessive total food intake was associated with higher postprandial glucose in pregnant women. Lower compliance with the dietary guideline for animal food was associated with both higher postprandial glucose and increased risk of GDM during pregnancy.

Keywords

Diet balance index for pregnancyDiet qualityGlucose metabolismGestational diabetes mellitusAsia
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 130 , Issue 6 , 28 September 2023 , pp. 958 - 965
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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