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The association between dairy products consumption and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2022

Zifan Zhao Open the ORCID record for Zifan Zhao [Opens in a new window] ,
Donghong Wu ,
Sirui Gao ,
Dongda Zhou ,
Xiaoying Zeng ,
Yuxuan Yao ,
Yilin Xu  and
Guohua Zeng
Zifan Zhao
Affiliation:
Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People’s Republic of China
Donghong Wu
Affiliation:
Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People’s Republic of China
Sirui Gao
Affiliation:
Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People’s Republic of China
Dongda Zhou
Affiliation:
Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People’s Republic of China
Xiaoying Zeng
Affiliation:
Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People’s Republic of China
Yuxuan Yao
Affiliation:
Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People’s Republic of China
Yilin Xu
Affiliation:
Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, People’s Republic of China
Guohua Zeng*
Affiliation:
Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, People’s Republic of China
*
* Corresponding author: Dr G. Zeng, email 2008690094@gzhmu.edu.cn
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Abstract

In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the relationship between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of prostate cancer. We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases for relevant articles and identified a total of thirty-three cohort studies between 1989 and 2020. The qualities of included studies were assessed using Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Pooled adjusted relative risks (RR) with 95 % CI were calculated. We performed subgroup analyses stratified by dairy type, prostate cancer type, follow-up years, treatment era, collection times, adjustment for confounders and geographic location. In the subgroup analysis stratified by prostate cancer type, the pooled RR were 0·98 (95 % CI 0·94, 1·03) in the advanced group, 1·10 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·24) in the non-advanced group and 0·92 (95 % CI 0·84, 1·00) in the fatal group. In the dose–response analysis, a positive association for the risk of prostate cancer was observed for total dairy products 400 g/d (RR: 1·02; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·03), total milk 200 g/d (RR: 1·02; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·03), cheese 40 g/d (RR: 1·01; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·03) and butter 50 g/d (RR: 1·03; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·05). A decreased risk was observed for the intake of whole milk 100 g/d (RR: 0·97; 95 % CI 0·96, 0·99). Our meta-analysis suggests that high intakes of dairy products may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer; however, since many of the studies were affected by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening bias, additional studies with an adjustment of PSA screening are needed.

Keywords

Dairy productsProstate cancerMeta-analysisSystematic review
Type
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 129 , Issue 10 , 28 May 2023 , pp. 1714 - 1731
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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