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The Vindolanda Horse

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2011

J. M. C. Toynbee  and
Alan Wilkins
J. M. C. Toynbee
Affiliation:
22 Park Town, Oxford
Alan Wilkins
Affiliation:
Annan Academy
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Extract

The very attractive bronze figure of a horse, found in 1971 under the floor of a house in the Vindolanda vicus, has understandably become an emblem of the site on publications of the Vindolanda Trust.

Type
Articles
Information
Britannia , Volume 13 , November 1982 , pp. 245 - 251
Copyright
Copyright © J. M. C. Toynbee and Alan Wilkins 1982. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

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References

1 Birley, , Arch. Ael.5 i (1973), 111–22, p. 122Google Scholar.

2 id., Vindolanda: Roman Fort and Settlement (London, 1977), jacket photograph and caption: fig. 8 and comments on 40; pl. 14.

3 Webster, G., The Roman Imperial Army (2nd ed., London, 1979), 137 and fig. 22Google Scholar; Connolly, P., The Roman Army (London, 1975), fig. 5 on 45Google Scholar.

4 Robinson, H. Russell, The Armour of Imperial Rome (London, 1975), 7Google Scholar.

5 Richmond, I. A., ‘Trajan's Army on Trajan's Column’, Papers of the British School at Rome xiii (1935), 1–40, p. 3CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

6 Robinson, op. cit. (note 4), 174.

7 Rostovtzeff, M., JRS xxxii (1942), 92–106; Connolly, op. cit. (note 3), 45; it is now in the Museum of Fine Arts, MoscowGoogle Scholar.

8 Metope 3: Florescu, F. B., Monumental de la Adamklissi (Bucharest, 1960), fig. 182; other vexilla on metope 41 on fig. 220 and metope 42 on fig. 222Google Scholar.

9 L'Orange, H. P. and Gerkan, A. von, Der spätantike Bildschmuck des Konstantinsbogens (Berlin, 1939), pl. 47bGoogle Scholar; Becatti, G., La Colonna Coclide Istoriata (Rome, 1960), pl. 8Google Scholar.

10 ibid.: L'Orange and von Gerkan, pl. 46b; Becatti, pl. 12.

11 ibid.: L'Orange and von Gerkan, pl. 46d; Becatti, pl. 10.

12 Richmond, I. A., Arch. Ael.1 xxi (1943), 127–224, pl. xb2 and 163Google Scholar.

13 Perkins, A., The Art of Dura-Europos (Oxford, 1973), pl. 12Google Scholar.

14 Amy, R.et al., L' Arc d'Orange (Paris, 1962), ii, pl. 12Google Scholar.

15 e.g. scene lv on pl. f in Caprino, C.et al., La Colonna di Marco Aurelio (Rome, 1955), scene cvi on pl. lxiiiGoogle Scholar.

16 e.g. scene lxxviii on pl. 1.

17 RIB 2139 and 2200 display inscriptions.

18 F. Cumont, Fouilles de Doura-Europos (1922-23) (1926), 95.

19 Lehner, H., Bonner Jahrb. cxvii (1908), 279–86, pl. 5Google Scholar; Esperandieu, E., Recueil général des bas-reliefs de la Gaule Romaine vii (Paris, 1922), no. 6282 on p. 252Google Scholar.

20 Cichorius, C., Die Reliefs der Trajanssäule (Berlin, 1896-1900), pl. vii; Richmond, op. cit. (note 5), 6Google Scholar.

21 L'Orange and von Gerkan, op, cit. (note 9), pl. 47d; Becatti, op. cit. (note 9), pl. 14.

22 ibid.: L'Orange and von Gerkan, pl. 46a; Becatti, pl. 15.

23 Inv. n. 32,637, Bellido, A. G. y, Esculturas Romanas de Españay Portugal (Madrid, 1949), 167 and pl. 181Google Scholar.

21 e.g. the Silchester statuette: Toynbee, J. M. C., Art in Roman Britain (London, 1962), 150 and pl. 61Google Scholar.

25 Budge, E. A. Wallis, The Roman Antiquities in the Museum at Chesters (London, 1903), 35 and 322-3Google Scholar; Robinson, H. Russell, What the Soldiers wore on Hadrian's Wall (Newcastle, 1976), 32Google Scholar.

26 Imagines: Flavinus of the ala Petriana, Genialis of cohors VII Raetorum; aquitae: Cn. Musius of legio XIV Gemina and L. Sertorius Firmus of legio XI Claudia: Robinson, op. cit. (note 4), pl. 307, 242, 468, 443.

27 Caprino, op. cit. (note 15), pl. xlii; Becatti, op. cit. (note 9), pl. 26.

28 JRS lxviii (1978), 242.

29 Mercklin, E. von, JbDAJ xlviii (1933), 84–176; A. Alföldi in Archaeologiai Értesitö (1935), 190, 216 and 263-70Google Scholar.

30 For a full publication of it, see Antiq. Journ. li (1971), 324-5, pl. 68a.

31 Archaeologia lvi (1897), 124, fig. 5.

32 Procs. Soc. Antiq. xxiii (1909-11), 496.

33 Arch. Journ. cxv, 158 (1960), 74-5, no. 37, fig. 3 on p. 72.

34 ibid., 95, no. 232, fig. 5 on p. 97.

35 ibid., 76, 78, nos. 51, 68; for one of the Colchester pieces see also Antiq. Journ. li (1971), pl. 68b.

36 Arch. Journ. cxv (1960), 84, no. 136.

37 History of Northumberland xv (1940), 154, no. 10 and pl. opp.

38 First Wroxeter Report (1913), 28, no. 15 and p. 27, fig. 10.

39 C. Roach Smith, Collectanea Antiqua iv (1857), pl. 25, no. 1.

40 op. cit. (note 29), with illustrations on p. 193, fig. 145 and pls. i, nos. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7; ii, nos. 1-9; iii, nos. 1, 2, 4, 6; v, no. 1.

41 op. cit. (note 29), figs. 21, 22, 30, two a feline head: figs. 31, 32. The latter is in the British Museum, pro venance not recorded.

42 ibid., fig. 33.

43 ibid., fig. 40.

44 Third Wroxeter Report (1916), 31, no. 1 and pl. 20.

45 ‘Pasarriendas y Otros Bronces de Carros Romanos Hallodos en España’, Archivo Espanol de Arqueologia xxxi (1958), 22, fig. 8.

1 Les bronzes romains de Belgique (1979), 157, no. 286, pl. 112.

47 ibid., 152, no. 157, pl. 112.

48 Die römischen Bronzen aus Deutschland I: Speyer (1960), pls. 52, 53, nos. 78-84.

49 Mainzer Zeitschrift xliv/xlv (1949/50), 60, fig. 5.

50 O. Doppelfeld (ed.), Römer am Rhein (1967), no. C 183, pl. 88.

51 Germania Romana v (ed. 2, 1930), 22, pl. 34, 5; described as a ‘Feldzeichen’: dimensions not given.

52 A. Kaufmann-Heinimann, Die römischen Bronzen der Schweiz I: Augst (1977), 130, no. 214, pl. 136.

53 Menzel, op. cit. (note 48), II: Trier (1966), 113, no. 276, pl. 85.

54 de Aviles, op. cit. (note 45), fig. 21.

55 K. Weitzmann (ed.), The Age of Spirituality (1979), no. 331 with fig.; de Aviles, op. cit. (note 45), fig. 7a.

56 S. Reinach, Bronzes figurés de la Gaule romaine, n.d., 283-4, no. 296 with fig.

57 de Aviles, op. cit. (note 45), figs. 7b and 19; figs. 16 and 18.

58 ibid., fig. 15.

59 O. Doppelfeld, Römer in Romanien (1969), no. G 206, pl. 19: 17.5 by 16.5 cm.

60 op. cit. (note 29), 113, fig. 29: provenance not recorded.

61 de Aviles, op. cit. (note 45), 31, figs. 11, 12.

62 ibid., fig. 6b.

63 ibid., fig. 22.