Article contents
Models of decision-making and the coevolution of social preferences
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 December 2005
Abstract
We would like to thank the commentators for their generous comments, valuable insights and helpful suggestions. We begin this response by discussing the selfishness axiom and the importance of the preferences, beliefs, and constraints framework as a way of modeling some of the proximate influences on human behavior. Next, we broaden the discussion to ultimate-level (that is evolutionary) explanations, where we review and clarify gene-culture coevolutionary theory, and then tackle the possibility that evolutionary approaches that exclude culture might be sufficient to explain the data. Finally, we consider various methodological and epistemological concerns expressed by our commentators.
- Type
- Authors' Response
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2005
References
Aaker, J. L. & Lee, A. Y. (2001) “I” seek pleasures and “we” avoid pains: The role of self-regulatory goals in information processing and persuasion. Journal of Consumer Research 28(1):33–49. [ABM]Google Scholar
Abbink, K., Bolton, G. & Sadrieh, A. (2001) Adaptive learning versus punishment in ultimatum bargaining. Games and Economic Behavior 37:1–25. [rJH]Google Scholar
Acheson, J. (2003) Capturing the commons: Devising institutions to manage the Maine Lobster Industry. University Press of New England. [CH]Google Scholar
Ackerman, J. M., Ledlow, S. E. & Kenrick, D. T. (2003) Friends are family, friends are strangers: Social cognition in social relationships. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Austin, Texas, February 2003. [DTK]Google Scholar
Ainslie, G. (1974) Impulse control in pigeons. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 21:485–89. [TCB]Google Scholar
Ainslie, G. (2005) A précis of Breakdown of Will. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 28(5):635–50. [GA]Google Scholar
Alvard, M. (2004) The ultimatum game, fairness, and cooperation among big game hunters. In: Foundations of human sociality: Economic experiments and ethnographic evidence from fifteen small-scale societies, ed. Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E. & Gintis, H., pp. 413–35. Oxford University Press. [aJH, EAS]Google Scholar
Andreoni, J. (1988) Why free ride? Strategies and learning in Public Goods experiments. Journal of Public Economics 37:291–304. [arJH]Google Scholar
Andreoni, J. (1995) Cooperation in Public Goods experiments: Kindness or confusion? American Economic Review 85:891–904. [rJH]Google Scholar
Andreoni, J. & Miller, J. H. (2002) Giving according to GARP: An experimental test of the consistency of preferences for altruism. Econometrica 70(2):737–53. [arJH]Google Scholar
Andreoni, J., Castillo, M. & Petrie, R. (2003) What do bargainers’ preferences look like? Experiments with a convex Ultimatum Game. American Economic Review 93:672–85. [rJH]Google Scholar
Ashraf, N., Camerer, C. & Loewenstein, G. (in press) Adam Smith, behavioraleconomist. Journal of Economic Perspectives. [rJH]Google Scholar
Axelrod, R. & Hamilton, W. (1981) The evolution of cooperation. Science 211:1390–96. [rJH]Google Scholar
Baerends, G. P. & Drent, R. H. (1982a) The herring gull and its egg. Part I. Behaviour (Suppl.) 17:1–312. [TCB]Google Scholar
Baerends, G. P. & Drent, R. H. (1982b) The herring gull and its egg. Part II. Behaviour 82:1–415. [TCB]Google Scholar
Baldwin, J. M. (1896) Physical and social heredity. American Naturalist 30:422–28. [aJH]Google Scholar
Barr, A. (2004) Kinship, familiarity, and trust: An experimental investigation. In: Foundations of human sociality: Economic experiments and ethnographicevidence from fifteen small-scale societies, ed. Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E. & Gintis, H., pp. 305–34. Oxford University Press. [aJH]Google Scholar
Barry, H., Child, I. L. & Bacon, M. K. (1959) Relation of child training to subsistence economy. American Anthropologist 61:51–63. [aJH]Google Scholar
Bekoff, M. (2004) Wild justice, cooperation, and fair play: Minding manners, being nice, and feeling good. In: The origins and nature of sociality, ed. Sussman, R. & Chapman, A., pp. 53–79. Aldine. [SFB]Google Scholar
Bendor, J. (1987) In good times and bad: Reciprocity in an uncertain world. American Journal of Political Science 31:531–58. [rJH]Google Scholar
Bendor, J. (1993) Uncertainty and the evolution of cooperation. Journal of Conflict Resolution 37(4):709–34. [rJH]Google Scholar
Bendor, J., Kramer, R. & Swistak, P. (1996) Cooperation under uncertainty: What is new, what is true, and what is important. American Sociological Review 61(2):333–38. [rJH]Google Scholar
Bendor, J., Kramer, R. M. & Stout, S. (1991) When in doubt: Cooper ation in a noisy Prisoners’Dilemma. Journal of Conflict Resolution 35(4):691–719. [rJH]Google Scholar
Berg, J., Dickhaut, J. & McCabe, K. (1995) Trust, reciprocity and social history. Games and Economic Behavior 10:122–42. [RS]Google Scholar
Binmore, K. & Samuelson, L. (1994) An economist's perspective on the evolution of norms. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 150:45–71. [KB]Google Scholar
Binmore, K., Gale, J. & Samuelson, L. (1995) Learning to be imperfect: The Ultimatum Game, Games and Economic Behavior 8:56–90. [KB]Google Scholar
Bischof-Kohler, D. (1994) Self object and interpersonal emotions. Identification of own mirror image, empathy and prosocial behavior in the 2nd year of life. Zeitschrift fur experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie 202(4):349–77. [ML]Google Scholar
Bliege Bird, R. L. & Smith, E. A., (2005) Signaling theory, strategic interaction, and symbolic capital. Current Anthropology 46(2):221–48. [EAS]Google Scholar
Blurton Jones, N., (1984) Selfish origin of human food sharing: Tolerated theft. Ethology and Sociobiology 5:1–3. [aJH]Google Scholar
Blurton Jones, N., (1987) Tolerated theft: Suggestions about the ecology and evolution of sharing, hoarding, and scrounging. Social Science Information 26:31–54. [aJH]Google Scholar
Bodner, R. & Pr elec, D. (2001) The diagnostic value of actions in a self-signaling model. In: Collected essays in psychology and economics, ed. Brocas, I. & Carillo, J.. Oxford University Press. [GA]Google Scholar
Bolton, G. E. & Zwick, R. (1995) Anonymity versus punishment in ultimatum bargaining. Games and Economic Behavior 10(1):95–121. [rJH]Google Scholar
Boone, J. L. (1998) The evolution of magnanimity: When is it better to give than to receive? Human Nature 9(1):1–21. [EAS]Google Scholar
Bowles, S. (1998) Endogenous preferences: The cultural consequences of markets and other economic institutions. Journal of Economic Literature 36:75–111. [arJH]Google Scholar
Bowles, S. (2004) Microeconomics: Behavior, institutions, and evolution. Princeton University Press. [rJH]Google Scholar
Bowles, S. & Gintis, H. (2003) Origins of human cooperation. In: Genetic and cultural evolution of cooperation, ed. Hammerstein, P., pp. 429–43. MIT Press. [LRC, EAS, aJH]Google Scholar
Boyd, R. N. (1988) How to be a moral realist. In: Essays on moral realism, ed. Sayre-McCord, G., pp. 181–228. Cornell University Press. [EM]Google Scholar
Boyd, R. N., Gintis, H., Bowles, S. & Richerson, P. J. (2003) The evolution of altruistic punishment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100(6):3531–35. [arJH]Google Scholar
Boyd, R. N. & Richerson, P. J. (1985) Culture and the evolutionary process. University of Chicago Press. [KB, aJH]Google Scholar
Boyd, R. N. & Richerson, P. J. (1988) The evolution of reciprocity in sizable groups. Journal of Theoretical Biology 132:337–56. [rJH]Google Scholar
Boyd, R. N. & Richerson, P. J. (1992) Punishment allows the evolution of cooperation (or anything else) in sizable groups. Ethnology and Sociobiology 13:171–95. [arJH]Google Scholar
Boyd, R. N. & Richerson, P. J. (1996) Why culture is common, but cultural evolution is rare. Proceedings of the British Academy 88:77–93. [arJH]Google Scholar
Boyd, R. N. & Richerson, P. J. (2002) Group beneficial norms can spread rapidly in a structured population. Journal of Theoretical Biology 215:287–296. [rJH]Google Scholar
Brandt, H. & Sigmund, K. (2004) The logic of reprobation: assessment and action rules for indirect reciprocation. Journal of Theoretical Biology 231(4):475–86. [rJH]Google Scholar
Brandt, R. B. (1959) Ethical theory: The problems of normative and critical ethics. Prentice-Hall. [EM]Google Scholar
Brandts, J., Saijo, T. & Schram, A. (2004) How universal is behavior? A four country comparison of spite and cooperation in voluntary contribution mechanisms. Public Choice 119:381–424. [SG]Google Scholar
Brendl, C. M., Markman, A. B. & Messner, C. (2003) Devaluation of goalunrelated choice options. Journal of Consumer Research 29:463–73. [ABM]Google Scholar
Brewer, M. B. (1997) On the social origins of human nature. In: The message of social psychology, ed. McGarty, C. & Haslam, A., pp. 54–62. Blackwell. [LRC]Google Scholar
Brewer, M. B. (2003) Taking the social origins of human nature seriously: Toward a more imperialist social psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review 8:107–13. [LRC]Google Scholar
Brewer, M. B. & Caporael, L. R. (in press) An evolutionary perspective on social identity: Revisiting groups. In: Evolution and social psychology, ed. Simpson, J. A., Schaller, M. & Kenrick, D. T.. Psychology Press. [LRC]Google Scholar
Brink, D. O. (1989) Moral realism and the foundations of ethics. Cambridge University Press. [EM]Google Scholar
Brosnan, S. F. (in press) Nonhuman species’ reactions to inequity and their implications for fairness. Journal of Social Justice. [SFB]Google Scholar
Brosnan, S. F. & de Waal, F. B. M. (2003) Monkeys reject unequal pay. Nature 425(18): 297–99. [SFB, rJH]Google Scholar
Brosnan, S. F., Freeman, C. & de Waal, F. B. M. (submitted) Partner's behavior, not reward distribution, determines success in an unequal cooperative task in capuchin monkeys. American Journal of Primatology. [SFB]Google Scholar
Brosnan, S. F., Schiff, H. C. & de Waal, F. B. M. (2005) Tolerance for inequity may increase with social closeness in chimpanzees. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 272(1560):253–58. [SFB]Google Scholar
Bryan, J. H. (1971) Model affect and children's imitative altruism. Child Development 42(6):2061–65. [aJH, ML]Google Scholar
Bryan, J. H. & Walbek, N. H. (1970) Preaching and practicing generosity: Children's actions and reactions. Child Development 41(2):329–53. [aJH]Google Scholar
Bshary, R. & Schäffer, D. (2002) Choosy reef fish select cleaner fish that provide high-quality service. Animal Behaviour 63:557–64. [RJS]Google Scholar
Buchan, N. & Croson, R. (2004) The boundaries of trust: Own and others’ actions in the US and China. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 55(4):485–504. [TCB]Google Scholar
Buchan, N., Croson, R. & Dawes, R. (2002) Swift neighbors and persistent strangers: A cross-cultural investigation of trust and reciprocity in social exchange. American Journal of Sociology 108(1):168–206. [SG]Google Scholar
Burlando, R. M. & Guala, F. (2005) Heterogeneous agents in public good experiments. Experimental Economics 8:35–54. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Burnham, T. C. (2003) Engineering altruism: A theoretical and experimental investigation of anonymity and gift giving. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 50(1):133–44. [TCB]Google Scholar
Burnham, T. C. & Hare, B. (in press) Engineering cooperation: Does involuntary neural activation increase public goods contributions? Human Nature. [TCB]Google Scholar
Call, J., Brauer, J., Kaminski, J. & Tomasello, M. (2003) Domestic dogs (Canisfamiliaris) are sensitive to the attentional state of humans. Journal of Comparative Psychology 117(3):257–63. [TCB]Google Scholar
Camerer, C. F. (1996) Rules for experimenting in psychology and economics, and why they differ. In: Essays in honor of Reinhard Selten, ed. Guth, W.& van Damme, E.. Springer-Verlag. [aJH]Google Scholar
Camerer, C. F. (2003) Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in strategic interaction. Princeton University Press. [KB, TCB, SG, arJH, DJZ]Google Scholar
Camerer, C. F. & Ho, T.-H. (1999) Experience-weighted attraction learning in normal form games. Econometrica 67(4):827–75. [rJH]Google Scholar
Camerer, C. F. & Hogarth, R. (1999) The effects of financial incentives in experiments: A review of capital-labor-production framework. Cal Tech Social Science Working Paper, 1059. [aJH]Google Scholar
Camerer, C. F. & Thaler, R. H. (1995) Anomalies: Ultimatums, dictator s and manners. Journal of Economic Perspectives 9:209–19. [DBK]Google Scholar
Camerer, C. F. & Weber, M. W. (1992) Recent developments in modelling preferences: Uncertainty and ambiguity. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 5:325–70. [aJH]Google Scholar
Camerer, C. F. & Weigelt, K. (1988) Experimental tests of a sequential equilibrium reputation model. Econometrica 56:1–36. [rJH]Google Scholar
Camerer, C. F., Loewenstein, G. & Prelec, D. (2005) Neuroeconomics: How neuroscience can inform economics. Journal of Economic Literature 42:9–64. (Reprinted in Italian in Sistemi Intelligenti 2004(16):337–48.) [rJH]Google Scholar
Cameron, L. (1999) Raising the stakes in the Ultimatum Game: Experimental evidence from Indonesia. Economic Inquiry 37(1):47–59. [arJH, EM]Google Scholar
Campbell, D. T. (1965) Variation and selective retention in socio-cultural evolution. In: Social change in developing areas: A reinterpretation of evolutionary theory, ed. Barringer, H. R., Glanksten, G. I. & Mack, R. W., pp. 19–49. Schenkman. [aJH]Google Scholar
Caporael, L. R. (1997) The evolution of truly social cognition: The core configurations model. Personality and Social Psychology Review 1:276–98. [LRC]Google Scholar
Caporael, L. R. (2001) Parts and wholes: The evolutionary importance of groups. In: Individual self, relational self, and collective self, ed. Sedikides, C. & Brewer, M. B., pp. 241–58. Psychology Press. [LRC]Google Scholar
Caporael, L. R. (2003) Repeated assembly. In: Alternative approaches to evolutionary psychology, ed. Schur, S. & Rauscher, F., pp. 71–90. Kluwer. [LRC]Google Scholar
Caporael, L. R., Dawes, R. M., Orbell, J. M. & van de Kragt, A. J. C. (1989) Selfishness examined: Cooperation in the absence of egoistic incentives. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12:683–739. [LRC, aJH]Google Scholar
Cardenas, J. C. (2000) How do groups solve local commons dilemmas? Lessons from experimental economics in the field. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2:305–22. [EO]Google Scholar
Cardenas, J. C. (2005) Double-blind Dictator Game: Sanquianga. Paper presented at the Roots of Human Sociality Conference, April 14–17, 2005, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA. [rJH]Google Scholar
Cardenas, J. C., Stranlund, J. & Willis, C. (2000) Local environmental control and institutional crowding-out. World Development 28(10):1719–33. [EO]Google Scholar
Carpenter, J., Burks, S. & Verhoogen, E. (2005) Comparing students to workers: The effects of social framing on behavior in distribution games. In: Field experiments in economics, ed. Carpenter, J., Harrison, G. & List, J. A.. JAI Press. [aJH]Google Scholar
Carpenter, J., Harrison, G. & List, J. A. (2005) Field experiments in economics. JAI Press. [RS]Google Scholar
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. & Feldman, M. (1981) Cultural transmission and evolution. Princeton University Press. [aJH]Google Scholar
Chaiken, S. (1980) Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39:752–66. [TY]Google Scholar
Charness, G. & Rabin, M. (2002) Social preferences: Some simple tests of a new model. Quarterly Journal of Economics 117(3):817–69. [aJH]Google Scholar
Chase-Dunn, C. & Grimes, P. (1995) World-systems analysis. Annual Review of Sociology 21:387–417. [TD]Google Scholar
Cherry, T., Frykblom, P. & Shogren, J. (2002) Hardnose the dictator. American Economic Review 92:1218–21. [VLS]Google Scholar
Chow, C., Wagner, L. & Lucas, M. (2005) Fair game: Preschool children show sophisticated understanding on economic tasks. Poster presented at the 17th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, Los Angeles, CA, May 26–29, 2005. [ML]Google Scholar
Clark, M. S. & Grote, N. K. (2003) Close relationships. In: Handbook of psychology: Personality and social psychology, vol. 5, ed. Millon, T. & Lerner, M. J., pp. 447–61. Wiley. [SFB]Google Scholar
Cole, M. (1996) Cultural psychology: A once and future discipline. Harvard University Press. [LRC]Google Scholar
Cole, M. & Engestrom, Y. (1993) A cultural-historical approach to distributed cognition. In: Distributed cognitions, ed. Salomon, G., pp. 1–46. Cambridge University Press. [LRC]Google Scholar
Crook, J. H. & Crook, S. J. (1988) Tibetan polyandry: Problems of adaptation and fitness. In: Human reproductive behavior: A Darwinian perspective, ed. Betzig, L., Borgerhoff-Mulder, M. & Turke, P., pp. 97–114. Cambridge University Press. [DTK]Google Scholar
Davies, T., Shah, R., Ling, K. & Trochet, R. (in preparation) Intuitive preference aggregation: Tests of independence and consistency. [TD]Google Scholar
DeBruine, L. M. (2002) Facial resemblance enhances trust. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 269:1307–12. [DBK]Google Scholar
de Quervain, D. J., Fischbacher, U., T reyer, V., Schellhammer, M., Schnyder, U., Buck, A., & Fehr, E., (2004) The neural basis of altruistic punishment. Science 305:1254–58. [aJH]Google Scholar
de Waal, F. B. M., (2000) Attitudinal reciprocity in food sharing among brown capuchin monkeys. Animal Behavior 60:253–61. [ML]Google Scholar
de Waal, F. B. M., (2005) How animals do business. Scientific American 291:72–79. [VLS]Google Scholar
de Waal, F. B. M., & Davis, J. M., (2003) Capuchin cognitive ecology: Cooperation based on projected returns. Neuropsychologia 41:221–28. [SFB]Google Scholar
Diamond, J. M. (1997) Guns, germs, and steel: The fates of human societies. W. W. Norton. [rJH]Google Scholar
Doris, J. M. & Stich, S. P. (forthcoming) As a matter of fact: Empirical perspective on ethics. In: The Oxford handbook of contemporary analytic philosophy, Jackson, F. & Smith, M.. Oxford University Press. [EM]Google Scholar
Duman, R. S., Heninger, G. R. & Nestler, E. J. (1997) A molecular and cellular theory of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 54:597–606. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Durham, W. H. (1991) Coevolution: Genes, culture, and human diversity. Stanford University Press. [aJH]Google Scholar
Eckel, C. & Grossman, P. (1996) Altruism in anonymous dictator games. Games and Economic Behavior 16:181–91. [rJH]Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N. & Mussen, P. H. (1989) The roots of prosocial behavior in children. Cambridge University Press. [rJH]Google Scholar
Elliot, R. & Vasta, R. (1970) The modeling of sharing: Effects associated with vicarious reinforcement, symbolization, age, and generalization. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 10:8–15. [aJH]Google Scholar
Ensminger, J. (1992) Making a market: The institutional transformation of an African society. Cambridge University Press. [CH]Google Scholar
Ensminger, J. (2002) Experimental economics: A powerful new method for theory testing in anthropology. In: Theory in economic anthropology, ed. Ensminger, J., pp. 59–78. Altamira Press. [rJH]Google Scholar
Ensminger, J. (2004) Market integration and fairness: Evidence from ultimatum, dictator and public goods experiments in East Africa. In: Foundations of human sociality: Economic experiments and ethnographic evidence from fifteen small-scale societies, ed. Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E. & Gintis, H., pp. 356–81. Oxford University Press. [aJH]Google Scholar
Ensminger, J. (2005) Double blind versus standard Dictator Games: U.S. and Orma. Paper presented at the Roots of Human Sociality Conference, April 14–17, 2005, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA. [rJH]Google Scholar
Fehr, E. & Fischbacher, U. (2003) The nature of human altruism: Proximate patterns and evolutionary origins. Nature 425:785–91. [rJH, EAS]Google Scholar
Fehr, E., Fischbacher, U. & Gächter, S. (2002) Strong reciprocity, human cooperation and the enforcement of social norms. Human Nature 13:1–25. [arJH]Google Scholar
Fehr, E. & Gächter, S. (2000a) Cooper ation and punishment in public goods experiments. American Economic Review 90(4):980–95. [KB, SG, aJH]Google Scholar
Fehr, E. & Gächter, S. (2000b) Fair ness and r etaliation: The economics of reciprocity. Journal of Economic Perspectives 14:159–81. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Fehr, E. & Gächter, S. (2002) Altruistic punishment in humans. Nature 415:137–40. [aJH]Google Scholar
Fehr, E. & Henrich, J. (2003) Is strong reciprocity a maladaptation? On the evolutionary foundations of human altruism. In: The genetic and culturalevolution of cooperation, ed. Hammerstein, P., pp. 55–82. MIT Press. [rJH, EAS]Google Scholar
Fehr, E. & Schmidt, K. (1999) A theory of fairness, competition, and cooperation. Quarterly Journal of Economics 114:817–68. [GG, arJH]Google Scholar
Ferraro, F., Pfeffer, J. & Sutton, R. I. (2005) Economics language and assumptions: How theories can become self-fulfilling. Academy of Management Review 30:8–24. [TD]Google Scholar
Ferraro, P. J. & Cummings, R. G. (2005) Cultural diversity, discrimination and economic outcomes: an experimental analysis. Experimental Working Paper 2003–002 (revised 1/05), Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA Fishbach, A., Friedman, R. S. & Kruglanski, A. W. (2003) Leading us not into temptation: Momentary allurements elicit overriding goal activation. Journalof Personality and Social Psychology 84(2):296–309. [ABM]Google Scholar
Fischbacher, U., Fong, C. M. & Fehr, E. (2002) Fair ness and the power of competition. Unpublished manuscript, University of Zurich. [arJH]Google Scholar
Fiske, A. P. (1992) The four elementary forms of sociality: Framework for a unified theory of social relations. Psychological Review 99:689–723. [DTK]Google Scholar
Fiske, A. P. & Tetlock, P. E. (1997) Taboo trade-offs: Reactions to transactions that transgress the spheres of justice. Political Psychology 18(2):255–97. [ABM]Google Scholar
Fiske, S. T. (2003) The discomfort index: How to spot a really good idea whose time has come. Psychological Inquiry 14:203–208. [LRC]Google Scholar
Frank, R. H. (2001) Cooperation through emotional commitment. In: Evolutionand the capacity for commitment, ed. Nesse, R. M., pp. 57–76. Russell Sage Foundation. [EAS]Google Scholar
Frank, R. H., Gilovich, T. D. & Regan, D. T. (1993) Does studying economics inhibit cooperation? Journal of Economic Perspectives 7:159–71. [GA, TD]Google Scholar
Gächter, S., Herrmann, B. & Thöni, C. (in preparation) Understanding determinants of social capital: Cooperation and informal social sanctions in a cross-societal perspective. University of Nottingham. [SG]Google Scholar
Gale, J., Binmore, K. G. & Samuelson, L. (1995) Learning to be imperfect: The ultimatum game. Games and Economic Behavior 8:856–90. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Gangestad, S. W. & Buss, D. M. (1993) Pathogen prevalence and human mate preferences. Ethology and Sociobiology 14:89–96. [DBK]Google Scholar
Gardner, R., Herr, A., Ostrom, E. & Walker, J. A. (2000) The power and limitations of proportional cutbacks in common-pool resources. Journal of Development Economics 62:515–33. [EO]Google Scholar
Gigerenzer, G., Todd, P. M. & the ABC Research Group (1999) Simple heuristics that make us smart. Oxford University Press. [CH, rJH]Google Scholar
Gilboa, I. & Schmeidler, D. (2001) A theory of case-based decisions. Cambridge University Press. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Gil-White, F. (2004) Ultimatum game with an ethnicity manipulation: Results from Khovdiin Bulgan Cum, Mongolia. In: Foundations of human sociality: Economic experiments and ethnographic evidence from fifteen small-scale societies, ed. Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E. & Gintis, H., pp. 260–304. Oxford University Press. [arJH]Google Scholar
Gintis, H. (2003a) The hitchhiker's guide to altruism: Gene-culture coevolution, and the internalization of norms. Journal of Theoretical Biology 220(4):407–18. [arJH]Google Scholar
Gintis, H. (2003b) Solving the puzzle of prosociality. Rationality and Society 15(2):155–87. [aJH]Google Scholar
Gintis, H., Bowles, S., Boyd, R. & Fehr, E. (2003) Explaining altruistic behavior in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior 24:153–72. [rJH, EAS]Google Scholar
Gintis, H., Smith, E. A. & Bowles, S. L. (2001) Costly signaling and cooperation. Journal of Theoretical Biology 213(1):103–19. [rJH, EAS]Google Scholar
Greenfeld, L. (2001) The spirit of capitalism: Nationalism and economic growth. Harvard University Press. [WJ]Google Scholar
Grusec, J. E. (1971) Power and the internalization of self-denial. Child Development 42(1):93–105. [aJH, ML]Google Scholar
Grusec, J. E. & Kuczynski, L. (1997) Parenting and children's internalization of values: A handbook of contemporary theory. Wiley. [aJH]Google Scholar
Grusec, J. E., Saas-Kortsaak, P. & Simutis, Z. M. (1978) The role of example and moral exhortation in the training of altruism. Child Development 49(3):920–23. [aJH]Google Scholar
Gurven, M. (2004a) Does market exposure affect economic game behavior? The ultimatum game and the public goods game among the Tsimane of Bolivia. In: Foundations of human sociality: Economic experiments and ethnographic evidence from fifteen small-scale societies, ed. Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E. & Gintis, H., pp. 194–231. Oxford University Press. [aJH, EAS]Google Scholar
Gurven, M. (2004b) Economic games among the Amazonian Tsimane: Exploring the roles of market access, costs of giving, and cooperation on pro-social game behavior. Experimental Economics 7:5–24. [EAS]Google Scholar
Guth, W., Schmittberger, R. & Schwarze, B. (1982) An experimental analysis of ultimatum bargaining. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 3(4):367–88. [TCB, RG, rJH]Google Scholar
Haidt, J. (2001) The emotional and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review 108:814–34. [TY]Google Scholar
Haley, K. & Fessler, D. (2005) Nobody’s watching? Subtle cues affect generosity in an anonymous economic game. Evolution and Human Behavior 26(3):245–56. [TCB, rJH, EAS, RJS]Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. D. (1964) The genetical evolution of social behaviour, Parts I and II. Journal of Theoretical Biology 7:1–52. [EAS]Google Scholar
Hampton, R. R. (1994) Sensitivity to information specifying the line of gaze of humans in sparrows (Passer domesticus). Behaviour 130(1–2):41–51. [TCB]Google Scholar
Harbaugh, W. T. & Krause, K. (2000) Children's altruism in public goods and dictator experiments. Economic Inquiry 38(1):95–109. [aJH]Google Scholar
Harbaugh, W. T., Krause, K. & Liday, S. G. (2002) Bargaining by children. Available at: http://economics.uoregon.edu/papers/UO-2002-4_Harbaugh_Kid_Bargaining.pdf. [arJH]Google Scholar
Harbaugh, W., Krause, K. & Liday, S. (2004) Bargaining in children. Working paper, Department of Economics, University of Oregon. [ML]Google Scholar
Hare, B., Call, J. & Tomasello, M. (2001) Do chimpanzees know what conspecifics know? Animal Behaviour 61(1)139–51. [TCB]Google Scholar
Haskell, T. (1985) Capitalism and the origins of the humanitarian sensibility (Parts 1 and 2). American Historical Review 90(2):339–61; 90(3):547–66. [WJ]Google Scholar
Haskell, T. (1998) Objectivity is not neutrality. Johns Hopkins University Press. [WJ]Google Scholar
Haskell, T. & Teichgraeber, R., eds. (1993) The culture of the market. Cambridge University Press. [WJ]Google Scholar
Hauser, M., Chen, K., Chen, F . & Chuang, W. (2003) Give unto other s: Genetically unrelated cotton-top tamarin monkeys preferentially give food to those who altruistically give food back. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biology 270:2363–70. [rJH, ML]Google Scholar
Hayashi, N., Ostrom, E., Walker, J. & Yamagishi, T. (1999) Reciprocity, trust, and the sense of control. Rationality and Society 11(1):27–46. [aJH]Google Scholar
Henrich, J. (2000) Does culture matter in economic behavior: Ultimatum game bargaining among the Machiguenga. American Economic Review 90(4):973–80. [aJH, RS]Google Scholar
Henrich, J. (2002) Decision-making, cultural transmission and adaptation in economic anthropology. In: Theory in economic anthropology, ed. Ensminger, J., pp. 251–95. Rowman and Littlefield. [rJH]Google Scholar
Henrich, J. (2004a) Cultural group selection, coevolutionary processes and large-scale cooperation. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 53:3–35. [rJH]Google Scholar
Henrich, J. (in press) A cultural species. In: Explaining culture scientifically, ed. Brown, M.. University of Washington Press. [rJH]Google Scholar
Henrich, J. & Boyd, R. (2001) Why people punish defectors: Weak conformist transmission can stabilize costly enforcement of norms in cooperative dilemmas. Journal of Theoretical Biology 208:79–89. [arJH]Google Scholar
Henrich, J. & Gil-White, F. (2001) The evolution of prestige: Freely conferred deference as a mechanism for enhancing the benefits of cultural transmission. Evolution and Human Behavior 22(3):165–96. [aJH]Google Scholar
Henrich, J. & Henrich, N. S. (in press) Culture and the origins of cooperation. Oxford University Press. [arJH]Google Scholar
Henrich, J. & McElreath, R. (2002) Are peasants risk-averse decision makers? Current Anthropology 43(1):172–81. [aJH]Google Scholar
Henrich, J. & Smith, N. (2004) Comparative experimental evidence from Machiguenga, Mapuche, and American populations. In: Foundations of human sociality: Economic experiments and ethnographic evidence from fifteen small-scale societies, ed. Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E. & Gintis, H., pp. 125–67. Oxford University Press. [arJH]Google Scholar
Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camer er, C., Fehr, E. & Gintis, H., eds. (2004) Foundations of human sociality: Economic experiments and ethnographic evidence from fifteen small-scale societies. Oxford University Press. [KB, arJH, EM, RS]Google Scholar
Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E., Gintis, H. & McElreath, R. (2004) Overview and synthesis. In: Foundations of human sociality, ed. Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E., & Gintis, H., pp. 8–54. Oxford University Press. [GG]Google Scholar
Higley, J. D., Linnoila, M. & Suomi, S. J. (1994) Ethological contributions. In: Handbook of aggressive and destructive behavior in psychiatric patients, ed. Hersen, M., Ammerman, R. T. & Sisson, L. A.. Plenum Press. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Higley, J. D., Thompson, W. W., Champoux, M., Goldman, D., Haesert, M., Kraemer, G. W., Scanlan, J. M., Suomi, S. J. & Linnoila, M. (1993) Paternal and maternal genetic and environmental contributions to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Archives of General Psychiatry 50:615–23. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Hill, E. & Sally, D. (2004) Dilemmas and bargains: Autism, theory of mind, cooperation and fairness. University College London. [aJH, ML]Google Scholar
Hill, K. & Gurven, M. (2004) Economic experiments to examine fairness and cooperation among the Ache Indians of Paraguay. In: Foundations in Human Sociality: Economic experiments and ethnographic evidence from fifteen small-scale societies, ed. Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E. & Gintis, H., pp. 382–412. Oxford University Press. [GG, arJH, EAS]Google Scholar
Hirshleifer, J. (1987) On the emotions as guarantors of threats and promises. In: The latest on the best: Essays on evolution and optimality, ed. Dupré, J., pp. 307–26. MIT Press. [EAS]Google Scholar
Hirshleifer, J. (2001) Game-theoretic interpretations of commitment. In: Evolution and the capacity for commitment, ed. Nesse, R. M., pp. 77–98. Russell Sage Foundation. [EAS]Google Scholar
Hoffman, E., McCabe, K., Shachat, K. & Smith, V. (1994) Preferences, property rights, and anonymity in bargaining games. Game and Economic Behavior 7:346–80. [TD, arJH, VLS]Google Scholar
Hoffman, E., McCabe, K. A. & Smith, V. L. (1996a) On expectations and the monetary stakes in ultimatum games. International Journal of Game Theory 25(3):289–301. [aJH]Google Scholar
Hoffman, E., McCabe, K. & Smith, V . L. (1996b) Social distance and otherregarding behavior in dictator games. American Economic Review 86(3):653–60. [TCB, VLS]Google Scholar
Hoffman, E., McCabe, K. A. & Smith, V. L. (1998) Behavioral foundations of reciprocity: Experimental economics and evolutionary psychology. Economic Inquiry 36:335–52. [arJH]Google Scholar
Howell, S. (1997) Introduction. In: The ethnography of moralities, ed. Howell, S., pp. 1–24. Routledge. [WJ]Google Scholar
Hruschka, D. & Henrich, J. (in press) Friendship, cliquishness, and the emergence of cooperation. Journal of Theoretical Biology. [rJH]Google Scholar
Hück, S. & Oechssler, J. (1999) The indirect evolutionary approach to explaining fair allocations. Games and Economic Behavior 28:13–24. [rJH]Google Scholar
Humphrey, C. (1997) A exemplars and rules: Aspects of the discourse of moralities in Mongolia. In: The ethnography of moralities, ed. Howell, S., pp. 25–49. Routledge. [WJ]Google Scholar
Iacoboni, M., Woods, R. P., Brass, M., Bekkering, H., Mazziotta, J. C. & Rizzolatti, G. (1999) Cortical mechanisms of imitation. Science 286:2526–28. [GA]Google Scholar
International Labour Organisation (2000) Cost of Social Security – World Labour Report 2000. Available at: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/socfas/research/stat/table14.htm. [RG]Google Scholar
Irons, W. G. (2001) Religion as a hard-to-fake sign of commitment. In: Evolution and the capacity for commitment, ed. Nesse, R. M., pp. 292–309. Russell Sage Foundation. [EAS]Google Scholar
Jankowiak, W. (2004) Market reform and the expansion of China's moral horizon. In: Well being, family affections, and ethical nationalism in urban China, ed. Jankowiak, W.. Special issue of The Journal of Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development 33(24):167–210. [WJ]Google Scholar
Johnson, A. (2003) Families of the forest: Matsigenka Indians of the Peruvian Amazon. University of California. [aJH]Google Scholar
Johnson, A. & Earle, T. (2000) The evolution of human societies (2nd edition). Stanford University Press. [aJH]Google Scholar
Johnson, D., Stopka, P. & Knights, S. (2003) The puzzle of human cooperation. Nature 421:911–12. [rJH]Google Scholar
Jones, D. (2000) Group nepotism and human kinship. Current Anthropology 41(5):779–809. [EAS]Google Scholar
Jordan, B. (1999) Begging: The global context and international comparisons. In: Begging questions: Street-level economic activity and social policy failure, ed. Dean, H., pp. 43–62. Policy Press. [RG]Google Scholar
Joshi, N. V. (1987) Evolution of cooperation by reciprocation within structured demes. Journal of Genetics 66(1):69–84. [rJH]Google Scholar
Kachelmeier, S. & Shehata, M. (1997) Internal auditing and voluntary cooperation in firms: A cross-cultural experiment. The Accounting Review 72(3):407–31. [SG, aJH]Google Scholar
Kagel, J. H. & Roth, A. E., eds. (1995) Handbook of experimental economics. Princeton University Press. [KB, aJH]Google Scholar
Kahneman, D., Slovic, P. & Tversky, A. (1982) Judgement under uncertainty. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kaplan, H., & Hill, K., (1985) Food sharing among Ache foragers: Tests of explanatory hypotheses. Current Anthropology 26:223–45. [aJH]Google Scholar
Kenrick, D. T. & Keefe, R. C. (1992) Age preferences in mates reflect sex differences in human reproductive strategies. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15:75–133. [DTK]Google Scholar
Kenrick, D. T. & Li, N. P. (2000) The Darwin is in the details. American Psychologist 55:1060–61. [DTK]Google Scholar
Kenrick, D. T. & Sundie, J. M. (in press) Dynamical evolutionary psychology and mathematical modeling: Quantifying the implications of qualitative biases. In: The evolution of mind: Fundamental questions and controversies, ed. Gangestad, S. W. & Simpson, J. A.. Guildford Press. [DTK]Google Scholar
Kenrick, D. T., Becker, D. V., Butner, J., Li, N. P . & Maner, J. K. (2003a) Evolutionary cognitive science: Adding what and why to how the mind works. In: From mating to mentality: Evaluating evolutionary psychology, ed. Sterelney, K. & Fitness, J., pp. 13–38. Psychology Press. [DTK]Google Scholar
Kenrick, D. T., Li, N. P. & Butner, J. (2003b) Dynamical evolutionary psychology: Individual decision-rules and emergent social norms. Psychological Review 110:3–28. [DTK]Google Scholar
Kiyonari, T., Tanida, S. & Yamagishi, T. (2000) Social exchange and reciprocity: Confusion or a heuristic? Evolution and Human Behavior 21:411–27. [rJH, DBK, TY]Google Scholar
Knez, M. J. & Camerer, C. F. (1995) Outside options and social comparison in three-player ultimatum game experiments. Games and Economic Behavior 10(1):65–94. [aJH]Google Scholar
Kohn, M. (1990) Position in the class structure and psychological functioning in the U.S., Japan, and Poland. American Journal of Sociology 95:964–1008. [aJH]Google Scholar
Kollock, P. (1997) Transforming social dilemmas: group identity and cooperation. In: Modeling rational and moral agents, ed. Danielson, P., pp. 186–210. Oxford University Press. [rJH]Google Scholar
Kraemer, G. W., Ebert, M. H., Schmidt, D. E. & McKinney, W. T. (1989) A longitudinal study of the effect of different social rearing conditions on cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine and biogenic amine metabolites in rhesus monkeys. Neuropsychopharmacology 2:175–89. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Kurzban, R. (2001) The social psychophysics of cooperation: Nonverbal communication in a public goods game. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 25(4):241–59. [TCB]Google Scholar
Laham, S. M., Gonsalkorale, K. & von Hippel, W. (2005) Darwinian grandparenting: Preferential investment in more certain kin. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 31:63–72. [DTK]Google Scholar
Laland, K. N., Odling-Smee, J. & Feldman, M. W. (2000) Niche construction, biological evolution, and cultural change. Behavavioral and Brain Science 23:131–75. [LRC]Google Scholar
Larrick, R. P. & Blount, S. (1997) The claiming effect: Why players are more generous in social dilemmas than in ultimatum games. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72(4):810–25. [aJH]Google Scholar
Leach, C. W., Spears, R., Branscombe, N. R. & Doosje, B. (2003) Malicious pleasure: Schadenfreude at the suffering of another group. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84:932–43. [GA]Google Scholar
Ledlow, S. E. & Linder, D. E. (2003) Kinship, familiarity and frame in a simulated social dilemma. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Western Psychological Association, Vancouver, British Columbia, May 2003. [DTK]Google Scholar
Ledyard, J. O. (1995) Public Goods: A survey of experimental research. In: Handbook of experimental economics, ed. Kagel, J. & Roth, A., pp. 111–94. Princeton University Press. [KB, aJH]Google Scholar
Lee, A. Y., Aaker, J. L. & Gardner, W. (2000) The pleasur es and pains of distinct self-construals: The role of interdependence in regulatory focus. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78(6):1122–34. [ABM]Google Scholar
Leimar, O. & Hammerstein, P. (2001) Evolution of cooperation through indirect reciprocity. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences 268(1468):745–53. [rJH]Google Scholar
Lesorogol, C. (2005a) Double-blind dictator game: Samburu. Paper presented at the Roots of Human Sociality Conference, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, April 14–17, 2005. [rJH]Google Scholar
Lesorogol, C. (2005b) Experiments and ethnography: Combining methods for better understanding of behavior and change. Current Anthropology 46:129–36. [RS]Google Scholar
Liberman, V., Samuels, S. M. & Ross, L. (2004) The name of the game: Predictive power of reputations versus situational labels in determining prisoner’s dilemma game moves. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 30:1175–85. [TD]Google Scholar
Lilly, A., Nix, P., Mehlman, P. T., Higley, J. D., Ward, G., Taub, D. M. & Brown, G. L (1992) Effect of PCPA in a male rhesus monkey with an extremely deviant CNS serotonin metabolism disorder. American Journal of Primatology 27:44. [DJZ]Google Scholar
List, J. A. & Cherry, T. L. (2000) Learning to accept in ultimatum games: Evidence from an experimental design that generates low offers. Experimental Economics 3:11–31. [aJH]Google Scholar
Loewenstein, G. (1999) Experimental economics form the vantage point of view of behavioral economics. Economic Journal 109:F25–F34. [aJH]Google Scholar
Loewenstein, G. F., Thompson, L. & Bazerman, M. H. (1989) Social utility and decision making in interpersonal contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57(3):426–41. [SFB]Google Scholar
Low, B. S. (1990) Marriage systems and pathogen stress in human societies. American Zoologist 30:325–39. [DBK]Google Scholar
Markman, A. B. & Medin, D. L. (2002) Decision making. In: Stevens handbook of experimental psychology, ed. Medin, D. L. & Pashler, H., pp. 413–66. Wiley. [ABM]Google Scholar
Marlowe, F. W. (2004a) Dictators and ultimatums in an egalitarian society of hunter-gatherers: The Hadza of Tanzania. In: Foundations of human sociality: Economic experiments and ethnographic evidence from fifteen small-scale societies, ed. Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E. & Gintis, H., pp. 168–93. Oxford University Press. [aJH, EAS]Google Scholar
Marlowe, F. W. (2004b) What explains Hadza food sharing? In: Research in Economic Anthropology: Socioeconomic aspects of human behavioral ecology, vol. 23, ed. Alvard, M., pp. 67–86. JAI Press. [aJH, EAS]Google Scholar
Martignon, L., Vitouch, O., Takezawa, M. & Forster, M. R. (2003) Naive and yet enlightened: From natural frequencies to fast and frugal decision trees. In: Thinking: Psychological perspective on reasoning, judgment, and decision making, ed. Hardman, D. & Macchi, L., pp. 189–211. Wiley. [rJH]Google Scholar
Martin, G. B. & Clark, R. D. (1982) Distress crying in neonates: Species and peer specificity. Developmental Psychology 18:3–9. [ML]Google Scholar
Marwell, G. & Ames, R. E. (1981) Economists free ride, does anyone else? Journal of Public Economics 15:295–310. [TD]Google Scholar
McCabe, K. A., Rassenti, S. & Smith, V. L. (1996) Game theory and reciprocity in some extensive form experimental games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 93:13421–28. [VLS]Google Scholar
McCabe, K. A., Rigdon, M. & Smith, V. L. (2003) Positive reciprocity and intentions in trust games. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 52:267–75. [VLS]Google Scholar
McElreath, R., Boyd, R. & Richerson, P. (2003) Shared norms can lead to the evolution of ethnic markers. Current Anthropology 44(1):123–29. [aJH]Google Scholar
Medin, D. L., Goldstone, R. L. & Markman, A. B. (1995) Comparison and choice: Relations between similarity processing and decision processing. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 2(1):1–19. [ABM]Google Scholar
Metcalfe, J. & Mischel, W. (1999) A hot/cool-system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower. Psychological Review 106:3–19. [TY]Google Scholar
Meyer, J. W., Boli, J., Thomas, G. M. & Ramirez, F. O. (1997) World society and the nation-state. American Journal of Sociology 103:144–81. [TD]Google Scholar
Midlarsky, E. & Bryan, J. H. (1972) Affect expressions and children's imitative altruism. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 6:195–203. [aJH]Google Scholar
Miles, D. R. & Carey, G. (1997) Genetic and environmental architecture of human aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72:207–17. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Milinski, M., Semmann, D. & Krambeck, H.-J. (2002) Donors to charity gain in both indirect reciprocity and political reputation. Proceedings of the RoyalSociety of London, Series B 269:881–83. [EAS]Google Scholar
Mischel, W. & Liebert, R. M. (1966) Effects of discrepancies between observed and imposed reward criteria on their acquisition and transmission. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 3:45–53. [aJH]Google Scholar
Mohtashemi, M. & Mui, L. (2003) Evolution of indirect reciprocity by social information: the role of trust and reputation in evolution of altruism. Journal of Theoretical Biology 223(4):523–31. [rJH]Google Scholar
Monroe, K. (1996) The heart of altruism: Perception of a common humanity. Princeton University Press. [WJ]Google Scholar
Murnighan, J. K. & Saxon, M. S. (1998) Ultimatum bargaining by children and adults. Journal of Economic Psychology 19(4):415–45. [aJH]Google Scholar
North, D. C. 2005 Understanding the process of economic change. Princeton University Press. [EO]Google Scholar
Nowak, M. A., Page, K. M. & Sigmund, K. (2000) Fairness versus reason in the Ultimatum Game. Science 289(5485):1773–75. [rJH]Google Scholar
Olson, M. (1965) The logic of collective action. Public goods and the theory of groups. Harvard University Press. [EO]Google Scholar
Oosterbeek, H., Sloof, R. & van de Kuilen, G. (2004) Cultural differences in ultimatum experiments: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Experimental Economics 7:171–88. Available at: http://ideas.repec.org/p/wpa/wuwpex/0401003.html [SG, RG, rJH]Google Scholar
Orbell, J. M., van de Kragt, A. J. C. & Dawes, R. M. (1988) Explaining discussion induced cooperation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 40:45–51. [RS]Google Scholar
Ostrom, E. (2005) Understanding institutional diversity. Princeton University Press. [EO]Google Scholar
Ostrom, E. & Walker, J. (2003) Trust and reciprocity: Interdisciplinary lessons from experimental research. Russell Sage Foundation. [EO]Google Scholar
Ostrom, E., Gardner, R. & Walker, J. (1994) Rules, games, and common-poolresources. University of Michigan Press. [EO]Google Scholar
Oxenstierna, G., Edman, G., Iselius, L., Oreland, L., Ross, S. B. & Sedvall, G. (1986) Concentrations of monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of twins and unrelated individuals: A genetic study. Journal of Psychiatric Research 20:19–20. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Paciotti, B. & Hadley, C. (2003) The ultimatum game in southwestern Tanzania: Ethnic variation and institutional scope. Current Anthropology 44:427–32. [RS]Google Scholar
Paciotti, B., Hadley, C., Holmes, C. & Borgerhoff Mulder, M. (2005) Grass-roots justice in Tanzania. American Scientist 93:58–65. [RS]Google Scholar
Page, K. M. (2000) A generalized adaptive dynamics framework can describe the evolutionary Ultimatum Game. Journal of Theoretical Biology 209:173–79. [rJH]Google Scholar
Page, T., Putterman, L. & Unel, B. (2003) Voluntary association in Public Goods experiments: Reciprocity, mimicry, and efficiency. Working paper. [rJH]Google Scholar
Panchanathan, K. & Boyd, R. (2003) A tale of two defectors: The importance of standing for the evolution of indirect reciprocity. Journal of Theoretical Biology 224:115–26. [TCB, rJH]Google Scholar
Panchanathan, K. & Boyd, R. (2004) Indirect reciprocity can stabilize cooperation without the second-order free rider problem. Nature 432:499–502. [rJH, EAS]Google Scholar
Patton, J. Q. (2004) Coalitional effects on reciprocal fairness in the ultimatum game: A case from the Ecuadorian Amazon. In: Foundations of human sociality: Economic experiments and ethnographic evidence from fifteen small-scale societies, ed. Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E. & Gintis, H., pp. 96–124. Oxford University Press. [aJH, EAS]Google Scholar
Patton, J. Q. (2005) Meat sharing for coalitional support. Evolution and Human Behavior 26(2):137–57. [EAS]Google Scholar
Petty, R. E. & Cacioppe, J. T. (1986) The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 19:123–205. Academic Press. [TY]Google Scholar
Pillutla, M. M. & Chen, X.-P. (1999) Social norms and cooperation in social dilemmas: The effects of context and feedback. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 78(2):81–103. [aJH]Google Scholar
Presbie, R. J. & Coiteux, P. F. (1971) Learning to be generous or stingy: Imitation of sharing behavior as a function of model generosity and vicarious reinforcement. Child Development 42(4):1033–38. [aJH, ML]Google Scholar
Price, M. E. (2005) Punitive sentiment among the Shuar and in industrialized societies: Cross-cultural similarities. Evolution and Human Behavior 26:279–87. [DBK]Google Scholar
Price, M. E., Tooby, J. & Cosmides, L. (2002) Punitive sentiment as an anti-free rider psychological device. Evolution and Human Behavior 23:203–31. [rJH]Google Scholar
Pruitt, D. G. & Kimmel, M. J. (1977) Twenty years of experimental gaming: Critique, synthesis, and suggestions for the future. Annual Review of Psychology 28:363–92. [DBK]Google Scholar
Pulliam, H. R. & Dunford, C. (1980) Programmed to learn: An essay on the evolution of culture. Columbia University Press. [aJH]Google Scholar
Pyszczynski, T. & Greenberg, J. (1987) Toward an integration of cognitive and motivational perspectives on social inference: A biased hypothesis-testing model. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 20:297–340. [TY]Google Scholar
Quartz, S. R. & Sejnowski, T. J. (1997) The neural basis of cognitive development: A constructivist manifesto. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20:537–96. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Rapoport, A. & Chammah, A. (1965) Prisoner's dilemma. University of Michigan Press. [TCB]Google Scholar
Reeves, L. M. & Weisberg, R. W. (1994) The role of content and abstract information in analogical transfer. Psychological Bulletin 115:381–400. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Rege, M. & Telle, K. (2004) The impact of social approval and framing on cooperation in public good situations. Journal of Public Economics 88(7–8):1625–44. [TCB]Google Scholar
Rice, M. E. & Grusec, J. E. (1975) Saying and doing: Effects of observer performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 32:584–93. [aJH]Google Scholar
Richerson, P. J. & Boyd, R. (2000a) Climate, culture and the evolution of cognition. In: The evolution of cognition, ed. Heyes, C. M., pp. 329–45. MIT Press. [rJH]Google Scholar
Richerson, P. J. & Boyd, R. (2000b) Complex societies: The evolutionary dynamics of a crude superorganism. Human Nature 10:253–89. [aJH]Google Scholar
Richerson, P. J. & Boyd, R. (2005) Not by genes alone: How culture transformed human evolution. University of Chicago Press. [rJH]Google Scholar
Richerson, P. J., Boyd, R. T. & Henrich, J. (2003) Cultural evolution of human cooperation. In: The genetic and cultural evolution of cooperation, ed. Hammerstein, P., pp. 357–88. MIT Press. [EAS]Google Scholar
Rogoff, B. (2003) The cultural nature of human development. Oxford University Press. [LRC]Google Scholar
Rosenthal, T. L. & Zimmerman, B. J. (1978) Social learning and cognition. Academic Press. [aJH]Google Scholar
Ross, L. & Ward, A. (1996) Naive realism: Implications for social conflict and misunderstanding. In: Values and knowledge, ed. Brown, T., Reed, E. & Turiel, E.. Erlbaum. [aJH]Google Scholar
Roth, A. E. (1995) Bargaining experiments. In: The handbook of experimental economics, ed. Kagel, J. H. & Roth, A. E., pp. 253–48. Princeton University Press. [aJH]Google Scholar
Roth, A. E., Prasnikar, V., Okuno-Fujiwara, M. & Zamir, S. (1991) Bargaining and market behavior in Jerusalem, Ljubljana, Pittburgh and Tokyo: An experimental study. American Economic Review 81(5):1068–95. [arJH]Google Scholar
Ruffle, B. & Sosis, R. (in press) Cooperation and the in-group-out-group bias: a field test on Israeli kibbutzim and city residents. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. [RS]Google Scholar
Rushton, J. P. (1975) Generosity in children: Immediate and long term effects of modeling, preaching, and moral judgement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 31:459–66. [aJH]Google Scholar
Rushton, J. P., Fulker, D. W., Neale, M. C., Nias, D. K. B. & Eysenck, H. J. (1986) Altruism and aggression: the heritability of individual differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50:1192–98. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Rutter, M. L. (1997) Nature-nurture integration: The example of antisocial behaviour. American Psychologist 52:390–98. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Sally, D. (1995) Conversation and cooperation in social dilemmas: A metaanalysis of experiments from 1958 to 1992. Rationality and Society 7:58–92. [KB, aJH]Google Scholar
Samuelson, L. (2001) Adaptations, analogies and anomalies. Journal of Economic Theory 97:320–66. [rJH]Google Scholar
Sanfey, A. G., Rilling, J. K., Aronson, J. A., Nystrom, L. E. & Cohen, J. D. (2003) The neural basis of economic decision-making in the ultimatum game. Science 300:1755–58. [aJH]Google Scholar
Shanks, D. R. & St. John, M. F. (1994) Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17:367–447. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Sherif, M. I. (1937) An experimental approach to the study of attitudes. Sociometry 1:90–98. [aJH]Google Scholar
Sherman, P. W. & Hash, G. A. (2001) Why vegetable recipes are not very spicy. Evolution and Human Behavior 22:147–64. [DTK, DBK]Google Scholar
Silk, J. B., Brosnan, S. F., Vonk, J., Henrich, J., Povinelli, D. J., Richardson, A. S., Lambeth, S. P., Mascaro, J. & Shapiro, S. J. (2005) Chimpanzees are indifferent to the welfare of unrelated group members. Nature 437:1357–59. [rJH]Google Scholar
Slonim, R. & Roth, A. E. (1998) Learning in high stakes ultimatum games: An experiment in the Slovak Republic. Econometrica 66(3):569–96. [aJH]Google Scholar
Smith, A. (1759/1966) The theory of moral sentiments, ed. Millar, A., Kincaid, A. & Bell, J.. Kelley, A. M.. (Originally published in 1759).Google Scholar
Smith, E. A., & Bliege Bird, R., (2000) Turtle hunting and tombstone opening: Public generosity as costly signaling. Evolution and Human Behavior 21(4):245–61. [TCB]Google Scholar
Smith, M. (1993) Realism. In: A companion to ethics, ed. Singer, P., pp. 399–410. Blackwell. [EM]Google Scholar
Smith, M. S., Kish, B. J. & Crawford, C. B. (1987) Inheritance of wealth as human kin investment. Ethology and Sociobiology 8:171–81. [DTK]Google Scholar
Smith, V. L. (1998) The two faces of Adam Smith. Southern economic association distinguished guest lecture. Southern Economic Journal 65:1–19. [VLS]Google Scholar
Smith, V. L. (2003) Constructivist and ecological rationality in economics. American Economic Review 93:465–508. [VLS]Google Scholar
Sosis, R. & Alcorta, C. (2003) Signaling, solidarity, and the sacred: The evolution of religious behavior. Evolutionary Anthropology 12(6):264–74. [EAS]Google Scholar
Sosis, R. & Ruffle, B. (2003) Religious ritual and cooperation: Testing for a relationship on Israeli religious and secular kibbutzim. Current Anthropology 44:713–22. [RS]Google Scholar
Sosis, R. & Ruffle, B. (2004) Ideology, religion, and the evolution of cooperation: Field tests on Israeli kibbutzim. Research in Economic Anthropology 23:89–117. [RS]Google Scholar
Sugiyama, L. S., Tooby, J. & Cosmides, L. (2002) Cross-cultural evidence of cognitive adaptations for social exchange among the Shiwiar of Ecuadorian Amazonia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99:11537–42. [DTK]Google Scholar
Sullivan, R. J. & Allen, J. S. (1999) Social deficits associated with schizophrenia defined in terms of interpersonal Machiavellianism. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 99:148–54. [RJS]Google Scholar
Sullivan, R. J., Allen, J. S., Otto, C., Tiobech, S. & Nero, K. (2000) The effects of chewing betel nut (Areca catechu) on the symptoms of people with schizophrenia in Palau, Micronesia. British Journal of Psychiatry 177:174–78. [RJS]Google Scholar
Tenbrunsel, A. E. & Messick, D. E. (1999) Sanctioning systems, decision frames, and cooperation. Administrative Science Quarterly 44(4):684–707. [ABM]Google Scholar
Tinbergen, N. (1968) On war and peace in animals and man. An ethologist’s approach to the biology of aggression. Science 160:1411–18. [TCB]Google Scholar
Tomasello, M. (1999) The cultural origins of human cognition. Harvard University Press. [arJH]Google Scholar
Tomasello, M., Carpenter, M., Call, J., Behne, T. & Moll, H. (2005) Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural cognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28(5):675–91. [aJH]Google Scholar
Tracer, D. (2003) Selfishness and fairness in economic and evolutionary perspective: An experimental economic study in Papua New Guinea. Current Anthropology 44(3):432–38. [arJH, EAS]Google Scholar
Tracer, D. (2004). Market integration, reciprocity, and fairness in rural Papua New Guinea: Results from a two-village ultimatum game experiments. In: Foundations of human sociality: Economic experiments and ethnographic evidence from fifteen small-scale societies, ed. Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E. & Gintis, H., pp. 232–59. Oxford University Press. [aJH, EAS]Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1971) The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology 46(1):35–57. [TCB, RJS]Google Scholar
Tversky, A. & Kahneman, D. (1992) Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 5:297–323. [aJH]Google Scholar
Walker, J. M., Gardner, R. & Ostr om, E. (1990) Rent dissipation in a limited-access common-pool resource: Experimental evidence. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 19:203–11. [EO]Google Scholar
Warneken, F. & Tomasello, M. (2005) Young children and chimpanzees help others to achieve their goals. Poster presented at the Society for Research on Child Development Biennial Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, April 7–10, 2005. [ML]Google Scholar
Watabe, M., Terai, S., Hayashi, N. & Yamagishi, T. (1996) Cooperation in the oneshot Prisoner's Dilemma based on expectations of reciprocity. Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 36:183–96. [rJH]Google Scholar
Weber, M. (1904/1958) The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. Charles Scribners. [GA]Google Scholar
Wilson, M. & Daly, M. (2004) Do pretty women inspire men to discount the future? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 271 (Suppl. 4):177–79. [TCB]Google Scholar
Woodburn, J. (1968) An introduction to Hadza ecology. In: Man the hunter, ed. Lee, R. B. & DeVore, I., pp. 49–55. Aldine. [aJH]Google Scholar
Young, H. P. (1998) Individual strategy and social structure: An evolutionary theory of institutions. Princeton University Press. [arJH]Google Scholar
Zajonc, R. B. (1980) Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist 35:151–75. [TY]Google Scholar
Zizzo, D. J. (2002a) Between utility and cognition: The neurobiology of relative position. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 48:71–91. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Zizzo, D. J. (2002b) Neurobiological measurements of cardinal utility: Hedonimeters or learning algorithms? Social Choice and Welfare 19:477–88. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Zizzo, D. J. (2003a) Empirical evidence on interdependent preferences: Nature or nurture? Cambridge Journal of Economics 27:867–80. [DJZ]Google Scholar
Zizzo, D. J. (2003b) You are not in my boat: Common fate and similarity attractors in bargaining settings. Department of Economics Discussion Paper No. 167, University of Oxford. Available at: http://www.economics.ox.ac.uk/Research/wp/pdf/paper167.pdf [DJZ]Google Scholar
Zizzo, D. J. (2005) Transfer of knowledge and the similarity function in economic decisionmaking. In: Transfer of knowledge in economic decision making, ed. Zizzo, D. J.. Palgrave Macmillan. [DJZ]Google Scholar
- 18
- Cited by