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Impact of a plant-based diet on behavioural and physiological traits in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2013

David Benhaïm ,
Marie-Laure Bégout ,
Samuel Péan ,
Michaël Manca ,
Patrick Prunet  and
Béatrice Chatain
David Benhaïm*
Affiliation:
LERMA, INTECHMER/CNAM, BP 324, 50103 Cherbourg Cedex, France
Marie-Laure Bégout
Affiliation:
Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques, place Gaby Coll, BP 7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France
Samuel Péan
Affiliation:
Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques, place Gaby Coll, BP 7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France
Michaël Manca
Affiliation:
Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques, place Gaby Coll, BP 7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France
Patrick Prunet
Affiliation:
INRA-SCRIBE, Fish Biology of Stress and Adaptation Group, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
Béatrice Chatain
Affiliation:
Station expérimentale d’aquaculture, Ifremer, Laboratoire de recherche piscicole de Méditerranée, Chemin de Maguelone, 34250 Palavas-Les-Flots, France
*
a Corresponding author: david.benhaim@cnam.fr
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Abstract

Replacing aquaculture feeds based on fisheries-derived resources with plant-based diets could be a relevant strategy to improve the sustainability of aquaculture. Recent studies on sea bass have shown that the total and early replacement of marine products by plant products would have a moderate effect on fish growth and body lipid content. Whether a plant-based diet impacts behavioural and physiological traits possibly linked to fish welfare, is not known, however. Here, we studied the effect of a totally plant-based diet introduced at an early stage of sea bass development on self-feeding behaviour, learning ability in a T-maze and stress biomarkers. We first compared learning processes in self-feeding conditions, between naive fish fed a plant-based diet (PBF) and fish fed a classic marine diet (MF). Then, we tested fish individually in a T-maze to compare the two feed groups for swimming activity, exploration and the ability to learn to discriminate between two two-dimensional objects associated with a reward. Blood physiological variables, including stress indicators (cortisol and glucose concentrations), were also determined. We did not find any indications of differences in self-feeding behaviour between PBF and MF in the first 30 days. A second experiment showed similar swimming activities in both fish categories. The “no-choice” percentage was high in both fish categories (~60%), but all the fish moved preferentially toward the reward. Their first turns indicated an ability to discriminate between two two-dimensional objects to complete a simple task. However, the high percentage of “no-choice” responses in both fish categories could have rendered the results non significant. The T-maze test procedure induced the production of high concentrations of cortisol, indicating acute stress in fish of both groups during testing. Plasma cortisol concentration was higher in MF than PBF, suggesting that the plant-based diet may affect the short-term release of cortisol. This study provides the first insight into the impact of a plant-based diet on sea bass behavioural traits, and confirms the effect of this diet on cortisol release in response to stress. Overall, in this first experiment, we did not find any major impact of a plant-based diet on sea bass behavioural traits, which is an interesting point for the development potential of such a sustainable aquaculture strategy.

Keywords

Self-feederPlant-based dietLearningExploratory behaviourCortisolDicentrarchus labrax
Type
Research Article
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 26 , Issue 2 , April 2013 , pp. 121 - 131
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2013

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