Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T06:59:05.841Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Do dyslexics have auditory input processing difficulties?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 March 2011

MADS POULSEN*
Affiliation:
University of Copenhagen
*
ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE Mads Poulsen, Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, University of Copenhagen, Njalsgade 120, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark. E-mail: m.poulsen@hum.ku.dk

Abstract

Word production difficulties are well documented in dyslexia, whereas the results are mixed for receptive phonological processing. This asymmetry raises the possibility that the core phonological deficit of dyslexia is restricted to output processing stages. The present study investigated whether a group of dyslexics had word level receptive difficulties using an auditory lexical decision task with long words and nonsense words. The dyslexics were slower and less accurate than chronological age controls in an auditory lexical decision task, with disproportionate low performance on nonsense words. The finding suggests that input processing difficulties are associated with the phonological deficit, but that these difficulties may be stronger above the level of phoneme perception.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adlard, A., & Hazan, V. (1998). Speech perception in children with specific reading dificulties (dyslexia). Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51A, 153177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allport, A. (1984). Speech production and comprehension: One lexicon or two? In Cognition and motor processes (pp. 209228). Berlin: Springer–Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnbak, E., & Borstrøm, I. (2007). Udvikling og afprøvning af procedure til identifikation af elever i risikogruppe for dysleksi. In Jandorf, B. D. (Ed.), Værd at vide om ordblindhed (pp. 140). Lyngby, Denmark: Dansk Videnscenter for Ordblindhed.Google Scholar
Bailey, P. J., & Snowling, M. J. (2002). Auditory processing and the development of language and literacy. Britsh Medical Bulletin, 63, 135146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brink, L., Heger, S., & Lund, J. (1991). Den store danske udtaleordbog. København: Munksgaard.Google Scholar
Bruno, J. L., Manis, F. R., Keating, P., Sperling, A. J., Nakamoto, J., & Seidenberg, M. S. (2007). Auditory word identification in dyslexic and normally achieving readers. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 97, 183204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bryant, P., & Goswami, U. (1986). Strengths and weaknesses of the reading level design: A comment on Backman, Mamen, and Ferguson. Psychological Bulletin, 100, 101103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, J. M., & Snowling, M. J. (2004). Language and phonological skills in children at high risk of reading difficulties. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 631640.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clarke, P., Hulme, C., & Snowling, M. (2005). Individual differences in RAN and reading: A response timing analysis. Journal of Research in Reading, 28, 7386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Constable, A., Stackhouse, J., & Wells, B. (1997). Developmental word-finding difficulties and phonological processing—The case of the missing handcuffs. Applied Psycholinguistics, 18, 507536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denckla, M. B., & Rudel, R. G. (1976). Rapid “automatized” naming (R.A.N.): Dyslexia differentiated from other learning disabilities. Neuropsychologia, 14, 471479.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Desroches, A. S., Joanisse, M. F., & Robertson, E. K. (2006). Specific phonological impairments in dyslexia revealed by eyetracking. Cognition, 100, B32B42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dietrich, J. A., & Brady, S. A. (2001). Phonological representations of adult poor readers: An investigation of specificity and stability. Applied Psycholinguistics, 22, 383418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, L. M. (1981). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance.Google Scholar
Elbro, C. (1990). Differences in dyslexia. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.Google Scholar
Elbro, C. (1996). Early linguistic ability and reading development: A review and a hypothesis. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 8, 453485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elbro, C. (1998). When reading is “readn” or somthn. Distinctness of phonological representations of lexical items in normal and disabled readers. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 39, 149153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elbro, C., Borstrøm, I., & Petersen, D. K. (1998). Predicting dyslexia from kindergarten: The importance of distinctness of phonological representations of lexical items. Reading Research Quarterly, 33, 3660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elbro, C., & Jensen, M. N. (2005). Quality of phonological representations, verbal learning, and phoneme awareness in dyslexic and normal readers. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 46, 375384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elbro, C., Nielsen, I., & Petersen, D. K. (1994). Dyslexia in adults: Evidence for deficits in non-word reading and in the phonological representation of lexical items. Annals of Dyslexia, 44, 205224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elbro, C., Rasmussen, I., & Spelling, B. (1996). Teaching reading to disabled readers with language disorders: A controlled evaluation of synthetic speech feedback. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 37, 140155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fowler, A. E. (1991). How early phonological development might set the stage for phoneme awreness. In Brady, S. & Shankweiler, D. (Eds.), Phonological processes in literacy. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Fowler, A. E., & Swainson, B. (2004). Relationships of naming skills to reading, memory, and receptive vocabulary: Evidence for imprecise phonological representations of words by poor readers. Annals of Dyslexia, 54, 247280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foy, J. G., & Mann, V. (2001). Does strength of phonological representations predict phonological awareness in preschool children? Applied Psycholinguistics, 22, 301325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffiths, Y. M., & Snowling, M. J. (2001). Auditory word identification and phonological skills in dyslexic and average readers. Applied Psycholinguistics, 22, 419439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grønnum, N. (2000). Danish. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 28, 99105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hillis, A. E. (2001). The organization of the lexical system. In Rapp, B. (Ed.), The handbook of cognitive neuropsychology, What deficits reveal about the human mind. New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Hulme, C., & Snowling, M. (1992). Deficits in output phonology: An explanation of reading failure? Cognitive Neuropsychology, 9, 4772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joanisse, M. F., Manis, F. R., Keating, P., & Seidenberg, M. S. (2000). Language deficits in dyslexic children: Speech perception, phonology and morphology. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 77, 3060.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Landerl, K., & Wimmer, H. (2000). Deficits in phoneme segmentation are not the core problem of dyslexia: Evidence from German and English children. Applied Psycholinguistics, 21, 243262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manis, F. R., McBride-Chang, L., Seidenberg, M., Keating, P., Doi, L. M., Munson, B., et al. (1997). Are speech perception deficits associated with developmental dyslexia? Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 66, 211235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manis, F. R., Seidenberg, M. S., & Doi, L. M. (1999). See Dick RAN: Rapid naming and the longitudinal prediction of reading subskills in first and second graders. Scientific Studies of Reading, 3, 129157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, N., & Saffran, E. M. (2002). The relationship of input and output phonological processing: An evaluation of models and evidence to support them. Aphasiology, 16, 107150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, R. C., Breedin, S. D., & Damian, M. F. (1999). The relation of phoneme discrimination, lexical access, and short-term memory: A case study and interactive activation account. Brain and Language, 70, 437482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayringer, H., & Wimmer, H. (2000). Pseudoname learning by German-speaking children with dyslexia: Evidence for a phonological learning deficit. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 75, 116133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Metsala, J. L. (1997). Spoken word recognition in reading disabled children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 159169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metsala, J. L. (1999). Young children's phonological awareness and nonword repetition as a function of vocabulary development. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mody, M., Studdert-Kennedy, M., & Brady, S. (1997). Speech perception deficits in poor readers: Auditory processing or phonological coding. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 64, 199231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nation, K. (2005). Picture naming and developmental reading disorders. Journal of Research in Reading, 28, 2838.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nation, K., Marshal, C. M., & Snowling, M. J. (2001). Phonological and semantic contributions to children's picture naming skill: Evidence from children with developmental reading disorders. Language and Cognitive Processes, 16, 241259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nickels, L., & Howard, D. (1995). Phonological errors in aphasic naming: Comprehension, monitoring and lexicality. Cortex, 31, 209237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nicolson, R. I., & Fawcett, A. J. (1994). Reaction times and dyslexia. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47A, 2948.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pasquini, E. S., Corriveau, K. H., & Goswami, U. (2007). Auditory processing of amplitude envelope rise time in adults diagnosed with developmental dyslexia. Scientific Studies of Reading, 11, 259286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramus, F., Rosen, S., Dakin, S. C., Day, B. L., Castellote, J. M., White, S., et al. (2003). Theories of developmental dyslexia: Insights from a multiple case study of dyslexic adults. Brain, 126, 841865.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramus, F., & Szenkovits, G. (2008). What phonological deficit? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 129141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richardson, U., Thomson, J. M., Scott, S. K., & Goswami, U. (2004). Auditory processing skills and phonological representation in Dyslexic children. Dyslexia, 10, 215233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosen, S. (2003). Auditory processing in dyslexia and specific language impairment: Is there a deficit? What is its nature? Does it explain anything? Journal of Phonetics, 31, 509527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scarborough, H. S. (1998). Early identification of children at risk for reading disabilities. In Shapiro, B. K., Accardo, P. J., & Capute, A. J. (Eds.), Specific reading disability: A view of the spectrum (pp. 75119). New York: York Press.Google Scholar
Snowling, M. J. (2000). Dyslexia (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.Google ScholarPubMed
Snowling, M. J., Goulandris, N., Bowlby, M., & Howell, P. (1986). Segmentation and speech perception in relation to reading skill: A developmental analysis. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 41, 489507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snowling, M. J., van Wagtendonk, B., & Stafford, C. (1988). Object-naming deficits in developmental dyslexia. Journal of Research in Reading, 11, 6785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Søegård, A., & Petersen, S. P. B. (1974). OS-400. Ordstillelæsningsprøve. En test til vurdering af børns begyndende tolkning af trykte verbale symboler. Copenhagen: Dansk Psykologisk Forlag.Google Scholar
Stone, B., & Brady, S. (1995). Evidence for phonological processing deficits in less-skilled readers. Annals of Dyslexia, 45, 5178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swan, D., & Goswami, U. (1997). Picture naming deficits in developmental dyslexia: The phonological representation hypothesis. Brain and Language, 56, 334353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szenkovits, G., & Ramus, F. (2005). Exploring dyslexics’ phonological deficit I: Lexical vs sub-lexical and input vs output processes. Dyslexia, 11, 253268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomson, J. M., Ben Fryer, J. M., & Goswami, U. (2006). Auditory and motor rhythm awareness in adults with dyslexia. Journal of Research in Reading, 29, 334348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, M., O'Rourke, A. G., Gidney, C., Lovett, M., Cirino, P., & Morris, R. (2002). The second deficit: An investigation of the independence of phonological and naming-speed deficits in developmental dyslexia. Reading and Writing, 15, 4372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yopp, H. K. (1988). Thevalidity and reliability of phonemic awareness tests. Reading Research Quarterly, 23, 159177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar