Acknowledgements. I am very grateful to Lord William Taylour for the opportunity to work on this second group of material from his excavations at Mycenae, and to the Mediterranean Archaeological Trust for financial support. Both Dr. Elizabeth French and Lord William Taylour have given me help in interpreting the difficult stratigraphy of this part of the Citadel House site from their personal experience of the excavation. Mr. Joost Crouwel has kindly undertaken the specialist discussion of an important set of krater sherds decorated with a chariot scene (this forms an appendix to the present article). Finally, I have to thank my wife, Diana, without whose help this article could not have been written and who has prepared all the illustrations.

¹ See BSA lxiv (1969) 259 for an introductory note on this series by Lord William Taylour, and 261 ff. for a L.H. IIIB 1 group from the same area. In this article I shall use the phrase ‘Citadel House area’ to refer to the excavations which took place between 1959 and 1969; that part of the structures in this area which form part of the South House will be called ‘the South House’. The southern part of the Citadel House complex will be referred to as ‘the House with the Idols’.

² Preliminary reports on the excavation of this area have been published in ILN 23 Sept. 1961, 490 and in MT iii. 35 ff. Dr. French has indicated the position of the pottery from this area in her discussion of the sequence of groups from Mycenae: BSA lviii (1963) 51.

³ Originally suggested by Schachermeyr, , AA 1962, 222Google Scholar, and based on studies of material from Tiryns and Mycenae, see n. 5 and n. 31.

⁴ BSA lxiv (1969) 261 ff.

⁵ Tiryns and BSA lxiv (1969) 71 ff.

⁶ Deep bowls of Group A and Group B were originally defined in BSA lii (1957) 218 and Tiryns 139.

⁷ AA 1969, 133 ff.

⁸ PP. 324 ff.

⁹ PP. 336 ff.

¹⁰ MT. 57 fr., Oi 701–7 and CMS v no. 594.

¹¹ See n. 31.

¹² BSA lxiv (1969) 265 f.

¹³ Cf. BSA lxiv (1969) 87.

¹⁴ ILN 21 May 1955.

¹⁵ The Ramp House was excavated by Professor Wace in 1921/2, BSA xxv (1921–3) 74; the western part of the South House was cleared in 1921, ibid. 86.

¹⁶ This area was designated Γι and excavated with trenches A, B, C, D, and E in 1959, while the following year trenches A, CD, F, and area Ω were used.

¹⁷ In this article I shall deal with the finds of 1959 and 1960 with the exception of those from trench F (a L.H. IIIC floor at a higher level to the south-west of the ‘storeroom’), and those from the Hellenistic levels.

¹⁸ BSA lxiv (1969) 259.

¹⁹ These sections are somewhat simplified versions of the drawings published in MT iii. figs. 64 and 65.

²⁰ pp. 324 ff. The baskets which I have assigned to each stratum are as follows:

1959

A. Pre-destruction deposit: 34/36, 37, 39, 40, 43.

D. Destruction debris: A5, A8, A10, 35, 38, 42. Contaminated: S. ext. 1, S. ext. 2, A3, A6a, A7, A9, E6.

E. Levelling: B3ii, B4, E5, E7, 26, 31–3. Contaminated:

E3.

F. L.H. IIIC: B1, B2, B3i. Contaminated with earlier:

CD 13–17, 27, 29, 30; with later: E1, E2.

G. Hellenistic: A1, A2, A4, C 1–12.

1960

A. Pre-destruction deposit: 16, 17, 43, 44, 46, 48.

C. Causeway deposit: 8–11.

D. Destruction debris: 7, 12, 19, 21, 24, 25, 27, 39, 47.

Contaminated: 2, 3, 5, 6, 13, 18, 20.

E. Levelling: 29–33, 45.

F. L.H. IIIC: 37, 41, 42.

G. Hellenistic: 4, 22, 23, 26, 34, 35, 36.

²¹ pp. 304 f.

²² See also MT iii fig. 70.

²³ I have previously suggested that the ‘Zygouries’ kylix may be a feature of the beginning of the L.H. IIIB period: BSA lxiv (1969) 265 n. 18. A L.H. IIIB 1 group from the terracing material below the building complex is shortly to be published by Miss P. Mountjoy.

²⁴ p. 303.

²⁵ There are 174 decorated sherds, 651 with linear decoration or painted monochrome, and 3,604 unpainted sherds.

²⁶ AE 1956, Chronika 5; Tiryns. Dr. French has kindly supplied me with her detailed figures for the different types of vessels in each of the four strata identified in the West Wall deposit and I have tabulated these figures together with those for the present deposit in FIG. 13. I should point out that I have calculated the percentages of the vessel shapes in that deposit on a different basis from that used in the preliminary account (Tiryns 138), to allow direct comparison with the data from the other deposits. See FIG. 4.

²⁷ BSA 1 (1955); BSA lxiv (1969) 71 ff.

²⁸ From the Prehistoric Cemetery, Central, BSA lxi (1966) 216 ff.Google Scholar, and from the House with the Idols, , BSA lxiv (1969) 261 ff.Google Scholar Cf. also the diagram published by DrFrench, in AJA lxxv (1971) 329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

²⁹ Cf. BSA lxiv (1969) 265 n. 19.

³⁰ Ibid. 266.

³¹ There is still insufficient evidence from areas outside the Argolid to determine whether the division of L.H. IIIB pottery into two stages has a wider application. Even if it proves that this division cannot be applied to pottery made elsewhere, imports of pottery from the Argolid will still help to date local products and styles.

³² AA 1969, 135.

³³ Dr. French has noted two features which may indicate piriform jars of L.H. IIIB 2 date: the use of joining semicircle fringe above and below the pattern in the shoulder zone, and the reserved shoulder zone. Tiryns 145; BSA lxiv (1969) 73 and 77.

³⁴ I have normally classed rims larger than 0·25 m. as from kraters rather than from deep bowls. Bases of Group? deep bowls are rarely more than 0·075 m. in diameter.

³⁵ It has been suggested that the use of a single band as opposed to a group of fine lines on Group A deep bowls may be a chronological criterion. As far as I can tell, both types are equally represented in the groups of L.H. IIIE pottery so far studied from Mycenae.

³⁶ e.g. Tiryns figs, 1 and 2; BSA lxiv (1969) 80 fig. 5, 81 fig. 6.

³⁷ e.g. 153, 154, 199–201.

³⁸ BSA lxi (1966) 233; BSA lxiv (1969) 81.

³⁹ As FM 29:10 but vertically. Cf. BSA lxii (1967) 167 fig. 12:45.

⁴⁰ Tiryns fig. 3:3; BSA lxiv (1969) 82 fig. 7: 3 and 10.

⁴¹ AA 1969, 134 ff.

⁴² Monochrome stemmed bowls occur, though infrequently, from L.H. IIIA 2 onwards, and it is sometimes difficult to distinguish sherds from this shape from those of deep bowls.

⁴³ BSA lxiv (1969) 280 ff.

⁴⁴ Loc. cit. 380 n. 37; above p. 304 n. 25.

⁴⁵ Loc cit. 281.

⁴⁶ This account is partly based on notes made at the time of the original sorting, when obviously early sherds were discarded; and partly based on my own identification of earlier sherds amongst the kept material.

⁴⁷ See FIG. 16.

⁴⁸ Most of the sherds are illustrated in the PLATES and have their profiles, where these are informative, shown in the FIGURES.

⁴⁹ The following levels were considered pure enough to ustify the figures given in this table (all from 1960):

A. Pre-destruction deposit: 16, 17, 43, 44, 46, 48.

C. Causeway deposit: 8–11.

D. Destruction debris: 7, 21, 24, 25, 27, 39, 47.

E. Levelling: 29–33, 45.

⁵⁰ Cf. the account of each stratum given above, pp. 301 f.

⁵¹ See n. 23.

⁵² BSA lxiv (1969) 293; C. W. Biegen and M. Rawson, The Palace of Nestor i. 418 figs. 397, 398.

⁵³ These patterns have not been found on deep bowk in L.H. IIIB I deposits, though a very similar decoration is found on two hybrid shallow cups with horizontal loop handles from the House of the Sphinxes, : BSA lxii (1967) 156 fig. 7.Google Scholar The pattern is, however, found on Group B deep bowls (see n. 40 above) and on stemmed bowk of L.H. IIIB 2 date: Tiryns 144 fig. 4. 4; BSA lxiv (1969) 81 pl. 19b. 1.

⁵⁴ MT iii fig. 78.

⁵⁵ n. 10.

⁵⁶ A. Furumark, The Mycenaean Pottery, Classification and Analysis 74.

⁵⁷ B1.

⁵⁸ e.g. CD15, CD17 etc. and was stated in error to have come from the destruction debris.

⁵⁹ AA 1969, 136 ff.

⁶⁰ This sherd was originally illustrated in MT iii fig. 77

⁶¹ BSA lxvi (1971) 338 ff.

⁶² Cf. AA 1969, 136.

⁶³ I have included this account in order to complete the description of the stratigraphy and finds in the courtyard area to the north-west of the buildings excavated in the Citadel House area. Ihey may well be discussed again with other finds of these classes from the whole Citadel House excavation as these are published, class by class. The catalogue on p. 341 gives a complete list of finds for each stratum. Objects referred to in the text by their registered number have been illustrated by me, while those to which reference is made in the footnotes have not seemed worth illustration. Some of the terracottas are included by Miss A. Tamvaki in her article in this volume, pp. 207 ff.

⁶⁴ BSA lxvi (1971) 125.

⁶⁵ 59–218, 60–6.

⁶⁶ 59–213, 60–205, 60–219, 60–509.

⁶⁷ 59–249. 60–206, 59–217.

⁶⁸ 59–106, 59–108, 59–113. 59–202, 59–214. 59–248. 60–513.

⁶⁹ 59–243, 60–2.

⁷⁰ 59–109, 60–204.

⁷¹ 60–4.

⁷² 59–24, 59–245, 60–116.

⁷³ 59–105, 59–110, 59–244, 59–256.

⁷⁴ 60–15, 60–101, 60–215.

⁷⁵ 59–219, 60–118, 60–211.

⁷⁶ 60–9, 60–213, 60–507, 60–510, 60–512.

⁷⁷ 60–216.

⁷⁸ 59–220.

⁷⁹ 60–105.

⁸⁰ BSA lxvi (1971) 151 ff.

⁸¹ 60–212.

⁸² J. Boardman, The Cretan Collection in Oxford 17 no. 72.

⁸³ A large variety can be seen on display in the National Museum in Athens. One of the earliest examples of this type of ornament was found on a rhyton from one of the Shaft Graves: G. Karo, Schachtgräber von Mykenai no. 481 p. 107 fig. 35 p. 212.

⁸⁴ 59–246, 60–7, 60–10, 60–11, 60–17, 60–107.

⁸⁵ 59–201, 60–20, 60–504.

⁸⁶ 60–5, 60–119, 60–203.

⁸⁷ 60–14, 60–16, 60–104, 60–110, 60–209.

⁸⁸ 59–255. 60–220.

⁸⁹ 59–216, 60–112.

⁹⁰ 60–103.

⁹¹ I am very grateful to Mrs. W. J. Craig for the inormation given here. For example, from Alalakh, Woolley, C. L., Alalakh: an Account of the Excavations at Tell Atchana in the Hatay (1937–1949) 402Google Scholar, AT/38/276; 403, AT/39/116; 404, AT/46/1; 405, AT/47/80, AT/47/98; 407, AT/48/39. These are of different weights, between 9 and 20 g. Gelidonya, Cape: AJA lxv (1961) 274.Google Scholar Knossos: Evans, A. J., The Palace of Minos iv. 655 fig. 640.Google Scholar

⁹² MT iii. 57 ff., Oi 701 (60–701) and 36 fig. 66, Wt 700 (59–107), also in CMS v, no. 594.

⁹³ Each entry is followed by a letter denoting the stratum from which the object came, and the Nauplion Museum catalogue number where this is known.

⁹⁴ The first number is the excavation catalogue number, and the second is the Nauplion Museum catalogue number where it is known. ^*indicates an object illustrated and described fully in the present article. ^†indicates an object catalogued by Miss Angela Tamvaki in her article in this volume together with her catalogue number, pp. 207 ff. Bracketed items are from contaminated contexts.

⁹⁵ I am grateful to Lord William Taylour for permission to study the krater sherds; and to Dr. E. French, Dr. and Mrs. K. A. Wardle, Dr. H. W. Catling, and my wife for help in the preparation of this Appendix. Of much use was the discussion of the sherds in Dr. French's unpublished London doctoral thesis, The Development of Mycenaean Terracotta Figurines (1961) 213.

⁹⁶ I omit the controversial handle fragment: see above pp. 328; 193.

⁹⁷ Op. Ath. i (1953) 9 ff.

⁹⁸ AE 1953–4, Part B, 101 ff.

⁹⁹ AJA lxv (1961) 344 ff.

¹⁰⁰ Ergon 1970, 98 f. fig. 101, and PAE 1970, 122 pl. 168b; Ergon 1971, 132 fig. 164.

¹⁰¹ Benson, loc. cit. (n. 99) 344 ff. no. 5 pls. 107 fig. 36 and 108 fig. 37 (BMC 409).

¹⁰² Benson, loc. cit. (n. 99) 344 ff. no. I pl. 107 fig. 32; especially Åkerström, loc. cit. (n. 97) 9 ff. figs. 1–2, 3.2–3.

¹⁰³ Cf., e.g., Wiesner, J., Fahren und Reiten, Archaeologia Homerica i.F (1968), 49 ff.Google Scholar Questions relating to Mycenaean chariots will be fully discussed in my doctoral thesis, Bronze Age Chariots and Chariotry in the Aegean.

¹⁰⁴ Examples in Furumark, A., op. Ath. i (1953) 53 fig. 3Google Scholar; two incomplete tails on Mylonas, Ergon 1971 fig. 164 (see n. 100). A connection with the traction system seems less likely.

¹⁰⁵ Drerup, H. in Forschungen auf Kreta (ed. Matz, F., 1951) 82Google Scholar, 84 fr. pls. 3.2, 64.8, 65.4–6.

¹⁰⁶ Cf. Furumark, MP 239; Karageorghis, V., BCH lxxxiii (1959) 1298 f.Google Scholar with fig. I; Catling, H. W.-Mülett, A., BSA lx (1965) 221 no. 2 pl. 58.2 (BMc 339).Google Scholar

¹⁰⁷ Cf. Vermeulee, E., Classical Journal liv (1958) 104Google Scholar; Davies, M. I., BCH xciii (1969) 214 ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Cassola Guida, P., SMEA xii (1970) 136 ff.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁸ e.g. Wallis Budge, E. A., Assyrian Sculptures in the British Museum (1914) pls. 19.1, 20.1, 23Google Scholar; Strommenger, E., Hirmer, M., Fünf Jahrtausende Mesopotamien (1962) pl. 208 leftGoogle Scholar; Hrouda, B., Die Kulturgeschichte des assyrischen Flachbildes (1965) pl. 41.1.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁹ Schmidt, E. F., Persepolis i (OIP lxviii, 1953) pls. 75Google Scholar, 76, 138B, 139B, 178, 179, 180B, 181B, 194.

¹¹⁰ Weidner, E. F., Die Reliefs der assyrischen Königen, AfO Beiheft iv (1939) 88 ff.Google Scholar with figs. 74–5. Paterson, Abo A., Assyrian Sculptures v: Palace of Sinacherib (1915) pls. 32–3.Google Scholar

¹¹¹ For the type cf., e.g., Catling, , AJA lxxii (1968) 44 ff.Google Scholar; Littauer, M. A., AJA lxxvi (1972) 156Google Scholar; Wiesner, op. cit. (n. 103) 48 f.

¹¹² Biegen, C. W., Prosymna (1937) 365 f. nos. 415–16 figs. 617–18.Google Scholar

¹¹³ Deshayes, J., Argos. Les Fouilles de la Deiras (1966) 109Google Scholar, 200 no. DM 89 pl. 92. 1; Schaeffer, Cl. F. A., Ugaritica ii (1949) 180 fig. 72.17 pl. 34Google Scholar below-right. Some of the children associated with terracottas of the kourotrophos type seem to be protected by similarly shaped parasols or sun-hats: cf. French, E., BSA lxvi (1971) 143.Google Scholar

¹¹⁴ Tsountas, G., AE 1888, 170Google Scholar, and von Mercklin, E., Der Rennwagen in Griechenland (1909) 13 ff.Google Scholar no. 9 pl. I; Holmberg, E. in Collection H. Stathatos iii (1963) 21 f.Google Scholar no. 5 pl. 1.5. At present no models with definitely more than two riders are known (See, however, below, 347 f.).

¹¹⁵ Wreszinski, W., Atlas zur altaegyptischen Kulturgeschichte ii (1935) pl. 18 (Abydos)Google Scholar, 81–2 (Luxor), 176 (Abu Simbel). A possible parasol is depicted in a chariot carrying a Nubian princess and pulled by bullocks on a wall painting in the tomb of Huy (fourteenth century B.C.), cf. Wreszinski, , Atlas … i (1923) pls. 158, 160.Google Scholar

¹¹⁶ e.g. Wallis Budge, op. cit. (n. 108) pl. 17.1; Paterson, op. cit. (n. 110) pls. 12, 37, 40–1, 42, 46–7, 65–6; Weidner, op. cit. (n. 110) 92 n. 175. For the types of shades and a list see Hrouda, op. cit. (n. 108) 106 and 186 (see abo his pl. 46.1).

¹¹⁷ See, e.g., J. L. Myres, Handbook of the Cesnola Collection of Antiquities from Cyprus in New York (1914) no. 1365. The sarcophagus is under study by Miss V. Wilson, to whom I am indebted for dating information.

¹¹⁸ We may note that the presence of a parasol in the chariot on the Tiryns krater cannot be excluded: we have only a trace of one rider (the four men on foot carry shields and spears). Two chariot riders are partly preserved on one of Mylonas's finds, without aparasol; cf. n. loo (Ergon 1970 and Praktika 1970).

¹¹⁹ I am very grateful to the German Archaeological Institute and the excavators of Tiryns for permission to publish this figure which was shown to us during the summer of 1972.

¹²⁰ The drawings are the work of Miss Daphne Hart. Her skill and interest have been of great service in the interpretation of this piece.