Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T05:47:34.670Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Excavations in the Plain of Lasithi. I.: The Cave of Trapeza.1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2013

Extract

The plain of Lasithi (a corruption of La Sitia, a name which in Venetian days included the whole of the eastern end of Crete) lies in the centre of the Dikte massif some 2750 feet above sea-level (Fig. 1). Originally it was probably of a marshy nature, but, owing to the deforestation of the surrounding mountains and the subsequent washing down of the earth from them, a great depth of soil has collected to form a flat plain, which is now one of the most fertile parts of Crete, especially since the introduction on the potato some forty years ago.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1936

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

page 6 note 1 Hogarth, theory (BSA VI 115)Google Scholar that the plain was a lake until MM I times, with the Diktaian Cave as a swallow hole, is disproved by the occurrence of Neolithic potter at Trapeza, which lies at a lower level than that cave. The only site on a level with the flat plain, the Roman site at Vounos, preserves in its name a memory of the time when it was a settlement on top of a small eminence rising out of the marsh. By pure chance the level of the soil has risen just to the top of it. How many other sites are now completely buried leaving no indications on the surface one cannot say. But the local inhabitant speak of bones found at a great depth when wells are dug.

page 6 note 2 BSA XX p. 12.

page 6 note 3 For the Palaeozoic remains cf. MissBate, Geological Magazine Decade V ii p. 199.Google Scholar

page 9 note 1 Of these routes 5 and 12 are from hearsay.

page 12 note 1 The Arabic rukhn, a corner, hence in E. Crete a corner stone or even a dressed stone (W. Cretan ).

page 17 note 1 ‘They say there is in the depths of the cave a sow with seven piglets all of gold—but who knows where they are?’ This legend of golden sow and piglets guarded by niggers is common to practically every ancient site in Crete and, I believe, in Mainland Greece and the Islands. The probable value of the treasure can be calculated from the number of piglets and of ghostly guardian niggers, which in my experience vary from seven to two and from three to one respectively.

page 18 note 1 The area was divided as follows. Α: area below the entrance to the cave; Β: rock slope approaching the cave; Γ: small platform or terrace immediately outside the cave; Δ: the cave itself; Ε: the side chamber at the end of the entrance passage; Ζ: the chamber off the very end of the cave. Δ 7.0·30–0·60 means the seventh metre from the entrance and the stratum 0·30–0·60 metre below the surface.

page 23 note 1 E.g. Amnisos τῆς Τραπέζας τό σπήλαιο 1929 p. 95; Kamarais BSA XIX p. 12; Magasa ibid. XI p. 260; Miamou, Mont. Ant. IX p. 303; AJA 1897 p. 287; Potisteria Mitt, über Hohlen und Karstforschungen 1928; Skalais ÉSA VIII p. 235; Zakros ibid. VII p. 142.

page 24 note 1 Scharff Journal of Egyptian Archaeology XIV p. 275. Historische Abschnitt der Lehre für König Merikarê p. 54.

page 26 note 1 Cf. P of M I p. 36.

page 26 note 2 Festòs p 101 Figs. 44 and 47.

page 26 note 3 BSA XI pp. 260 ff.

page 28 note 1 The use of white paint during this period is vouched for by Mackenzie, JHS XXIII p. 165; cf. also P of M I p. 63; BSA X p. 201, Fig. 3 a; BSA Supp. I p. 4, Fig. 1.

page 26 note 2 P of M II p. 9. Festòs p. 93. AJA 1897 p. 287.

page 29 note 1 Cf. Gournia p. 50.

page 29 note 2 This clay seems to be the same as that used for various later vessels, in particular the cups (501–12, 524) the dishes (301–15) and the pithoi (920–22), but when it is properly baked the mottling does not shew. It is presumably local. A few pithoi are still made in Lasithi at Pinakiano, the clay coming from Agios Georgios or Kato Metokhi.

page 30 note 1 Cf. Mon. Ant. XIX p. 170 Fig. 22.

page 30 note 2 Cf. P of M II Fig. 3 q and r.

page 30 note 3 This has inadvertently been photographed upside down in Pl. 7.

page 31 note 1 Cf. Dhimini Sesklo p. 262 Figs. 169 and 170. Goldman Eutresis p. 93 Fig. 116. Lamb Thermi p. 82 Fig. 29 a.

page 31 note 2 Festòs p. 104 Fig. 46.

page 31 note 3 P of M II Fig. 3 u.

page 31 note 4 Ibid. I p. 14.

page 31 note 5 There cannot, of course, be any direct connection between the two since the Trojan face-ulrns (Schliemann's Sammlung p. 14) are later in date than Trapeza ware. What is here argued is a common racial source from which similar traits developed at different periods.

page 31 note 6 Gf. P of M I p. 272.

page 31 note 7 Gf. BCH 1917–19 p. 204 Fig. 24.

page 31 note 8 BSA XXVII p. 54 and PI. VII b.

page 33 note 1 τῆς Πλάκας 1930 p. 95 Fig. 5.

page 33 note 2 VTM p. 58, 5116 pl. XXXIV.

page 33 note 3 BSA VII p. 143 (not shewn in Fig. 52. CM 2322).

page 33 note 4 Cf. VTM p. 58, in particular 5086 pl. XXXIV and Machios p. 86 M 91.

page 33 note 5 CM 2225, unpublished. Gf. Machlos p. 47 Fig. 18 IV 1 for dating.

page 33 note 6 CM 9201, 9204, 9900.

page 33 note 7 ἡ Γρύλη 1918 p. 152 Fig. 12, 96–8.

page 34 note 1 Cf. Gournia p. 56 Fig. 37, 9. VTM p. 9 4193 Pls. I and XVIII.

page 34 note 2 Cf. VTM p. 35, 4189 Pls. I and XXV.

page 35 note 1 Cf. Annuario XIII–XIV p. 12.

page 35 note 2 Gournia p. 50 pl. XII 13.

page 35 note 3 VTM pp. 34, 36 pl. XXV. Gournia p. 56 pl. A. 5; BSA VII p. 142 Fig. 52.

page 35 note 4 VTM p. 34, 4294 pl. XXV.

page 35 note 5 P of M I p. 60; Frankfort Studies II p. 114.

page 35 note 6 This type is native to Crete, but can hardly be related to Neolithic wares, since in East Crete Neolithic incision is very rare.

page 35 note 7 The spouted pot (205) below is a new type (q.v.).

page 35 note 8 Φοῦρνος 1918 pp. 150–51 Figs. 8 and 9, 49, 50, 67–9.

page 35 note 9 Cf. Frankfort Studies II p. 114. The necks on these bottles are narrower than is usual in the islands, but they are not unparalleled. See JHS V pp. 54, 55 Figs. 10 and 11; Ath. Mitt. 1886 p. 19 pl. 2 B 2.

page 35 note 10 τοῦ Γρυμάνη τό σπήλαιο 1918 p. 151 Fig. 9, 63.

page 35 note 11 P of M I pp. 114 and 175.

page 35 note 12 Ibid. I p. 59.

page 35 note 13 Πηγαϊδάκια 1898 p. 180.

page 35 note 14 Phylakopi p. 84 Fig. 70.

page 35 note 15 Πρακτικἁ 1918 Fig. 9, 61. BSA XIX p. 39 Fig. 4, 1. VTM p. 74 pl. XL.

page 36 note 1 P of M I p. 60. Gournia p. 50. It is worth noting that a grey sherd was found in the Trapeza ware stratum δ 17. 1·10–1·40 S., while another occurred on the Kastellos in an equally early context, and a small suspension pot was the latest find in the Skaphidhia Gave, where, however, it was on the existing floor level above the Neolithic and Trapeza ware pottery.

page 36 note 2 Annuario XIII–XIV pp. 13–14.

page 36 note 3 For Cycladic connections in North and South Crete see Aberg Chronologie IV pp. 242 ff.

page 36 note 4 P of Ml p. 74.

page 36 note 5 VTM p. 36. Six exampl.es pl. XXV p. 52, 5013, 5012, pl. XXXVI. Vrokastro p. 183 (no illustration). Annuario XIII–XIV p. 13.

page 36 note 6 At Krasi Πρακτικἁ 1929 p. 115 Fig. 9, 7.

page 36 note 7 BSA XXVII p. 17 pl. VII a.

page 38 note 1 CM 5313.

page 38 note 2 VTM p. 78, 4965 pl. XLII.

page 38 note 3 ῾Εφ. ᾿Αρχ 1930 p. 157 Fig. 20.

page 38 note 4 See P of M I Supp. pl. III; IV p. 135 Figs. 104 and 105.

page 38 note 5 See ibid. I p. 168.

page 43 note 1 CM 3209. This has two small horizontal handles at the shoulder, one on either side.

page 43 note 2 CM 2329. The spout is here represented only by an opening in the side, and its shape is uncertain.

page 43 note 3 Festòs p. 134 Fig. 59. VTM pl. LI 6887, 6890, 6888.

page 44 note 1 P of M I p. 60. Gournia p. 50.

page 44 note 2 VTM p. 35, 4190, 4191 etc. Pls. I and XXV.

page 44 note 3 Mochlos pp. 81, 82 M 22, 23.

page 44 note 4 Mochlos loc. cit.

page 44 note 5 P of M I p. 110 Figs. 77 and 78.

page 44 note 6 Ibid. II Fig. 3 x.

page 44 note 7 Cf. Gournia p. 50 pl. XII 29.

page 44 note 8 BSA Supp. I pl. II g.

page 44 note 9 The tapering base with which this vessel has been restored perhaps gives it a later appearance than it deserves.

page 45 note 1 BSA XXX p. 64.

page 45 note 2 VTM p. 60, 5062 pl. XXXV.

page 45 note 3 VTM p. 59, 5055 pl. XXXV.

page 46 note 1 BSA Supp. I pl. IV E, pl.. IX A, B, D, pl.. XI B, D; Gournia pl.. A 1.

page 46 note 2 BSA XXX Pls. XII a, 18, XII b, 13, 16; ibid. XIX for all the Kamarais Cave examples; VTM pl. XXXV 5062 pl. XLV 5702.

page 46 note 3 BSA Supp. I pl. XI c has two handles.

page 46 note 4 P of M IV p. 114 Fig. 80.

page 48 note 1 For the former see Gournia p. 50 pl. XII 10; BSA VII p. 144 Fig. 52; X p. 200; Supp. I p. 6. For the latter Gournia p. 50; Trans. Penn. Univ. II 2 p. 116; Sphoungaras p. 49 Fig. 20; BSA X p. 200.

page 49 note 1 This clay seems to be local, see p. 29 n. 2.

page 49 note 2 Gournia p. 56 pl. A 4; BSA Supp. I pl. II d; AJA 1909 p. 284 Figs. 8 and 13.

page 49 note 3 The plate is one of the first shapes to shew this technique, for one of the Sphoungaras examples has wavy white lines on a mottled surface and must belong to the very end of EM II.

page 49 note 4 P of M I p. 173 Fig. 122, 11 and 13. BSA XXX p. 65, pl. XII b 20. VTM p. 38, 4127, 4128, pl. XXVII.

page 49 note 5 Ἐφ. ᾿Αρχ. 1906 p. 148 pl. 9, 14.

page 49 note 6 VTM p. 52; 5015, 5020 pl. XXXVI.

page 49 note 7 ᾿Αρχ. Δελτ 1906 p. 149 pl. X.

page 50 note 1 Cf. lids from the Kamarais Cave. BSA XIX p. 27 Fig. 6.

page 52 note 1 P of M I p. 75. VTM p. 10. Machios p. 20. Gournia pp. 50, 56. BSA XIX p. 41. 1918 p. 152. Annuario XIII–XIV p. 14.

page 53 note 1 Annuario loc. cit. Fig. II.

page 53 note 2 1918, Fig. 12, 87.

page 53 note 3 P of M I p. 75. Mochlos p. 20.

page 53 note 4 VTM p. 34, 4194.

page 54 note 1 BSA IX p. 340.

page 54 note 2 Signorina Banti has already suggested that the Agia Triadha example may be of this date.

page 54 note 3 Vrokastro p. 115 Fig. 57 c

page 55 note 1 In the collection of Dr. A. B. Cook, Queens' College, Cambridge.

page 56 note 1 This clay seems to be local, see p. 29 n. 2.

page 56 note 2 See Trapeza Ware section for references p. 28 n. 1.

page 57 note 1 Cf. the jug (644).

page 57 note 2 P of M I p. 73 Fig. 40.

page 57 note 3 Trans. Perm. Univ. I p. 216 Fig. 6. Gournia p. 50 pl. XII 17 and 18.

page 58 note 1 Gournia p. 56 Fig. 37, 4.

page 58 note 2 Πρακτικἁ 1918 p. 149 Fig. 7, 28.

page 58 note 3 Trans. Penn. Univ. I p. 195. Annuario XIII–XIV p. 16, 19–21.

page 58 note 4 Mochlos p. 52 Figs. 22–23, VI 6. VTM p. 38 pl. XXVII 4134, 4248.

page 58 note 5 Mochlos p. 82 Fig. 48, M 25–26.

page 58 note 6 Cf. Hall, Decorative Art of Crete in the Bronze Age p. 7, Fig. 6a. Mochlos p. 84 Fig. 49, M. 61–63. BSA XI p. 271 Fig. 5 b.

page 58 note 7 Gournia p. 57.

page 59 note 1 Gournia p. 38 pl.. VI 4.

page 59 note 2 P of M I p. 104 n. 1. BSA XXX p. 62 pl.. XII a 15, 22.

page 59 note 3 BSA Supp. I pl. X k.

page 59 note 4 P of M I p. 185 Fig. 133 g.

page 59 note 5 Trans. Penn. Univ. 1906 p. 124. BSA IX p. 303 Fig. 1, 4. P of M I p. 168 Fig. 119 a; IV pp. 98–9.

page 59 note 6 VTM p. 62, 5108 pl. XXXVI b.

page 59 note 7 P of M IV p. 99.

page 59 note 8 Sphoungaras p. 57 Fig. 28 g.

page 61 note 1 BSA XXX p. 62; IX p. 303. Trans. Penn. Univ. 1906 p. 124.

page 61 note 2 Loc. cit. p. 124. BSA IX p. 303.

page 61 note 3 BSA XXX p. 60 Fig. 5, 5 (although this is in dark on light) and pl. XIV 7.

page 61 note 4 Gf. BSA XXX p. 69.

page 61 note 5 Cf. however three sherds from Phaistos (Festòs p. 384 Fig. 231) which appear to be ribbed, and there is one similar sherd from Knossos in the Ashmolean Museum.

page 62 note 1 BSA XXX pl. XII a 6, pl.. XII b 1. IX p. 303 Fig. 1, 1a. Pseirap. 17 Figs. 1 and 2.

page 62 note 2 BSA XXX p. 63 pl. XII b 9.

page 62 note 3 P of M IV p. 106 pl. XXVIII c.

page 62 note 4 BSA IX p. 304 Fig. 1, 7 (apparently made on the fast wheel and therefore MM II).

page 62 note 5 Festòs p. 256 Fig. 138, p. 262 Fig. 146, p. 385 Fig. 232.

page 62 note 6 VTM p. 61 pl.⁁XXXVI 5120. 1930 p. 156 Fig. 18.

page 62 note 7 P of M I p. 185 Fig. 134.

page 62 note 8 Gournia p. 60 pl. C 1 (the silver original) 2 and 3 (the ceramic copies).

page 62 note 9 JHS LV p. 168.

page 62 note 10 P of M I Fig. 136, 9.

page 62 note 11 BSA XXX p. 63.

page 62 note 12 Cf. P of M I p. 244.

page 63 note 1 This was particularly clearly proved during the excavations on the Kastellos in the case of the house F I, which was apparently used continuously from MM I to the end of MM III but in which no MM II pottery occurred.

page 63 note 2 Gournia p. 38 pl. VI 34.

page 63 note 3 Mallia I p. 50 pl. XXVII 4.

page 63 note 4 See P of M I p. 589 Fig. 432.

page 66 note 1 This cup was drawn before it was restored, and its sides then seemed more upright than they now appear.

page 70 note 1 P of M I p. 62 Figs. 25, 26.

page 70 note 2 Annuario XIII–XIV p. 87.

page 70 note 3 Gournia p. 50.

page 70 note 4 Mochlos, p. 52, Fig. 22, VI 5.

page 70 note 5 Mochlos, p. 50.

page 70 note 6 ᾿Αρχ. Δελτ 1930 p. 95 Fig. 6.

page 70 note 7 VTM p. 94 pl. L 6873.

page 70 note 8 1918, Fig. 7, 27, 39.

page 70 note 9 Gournia p. 56 Fig. 38, 1.

page 71 note 1 Cf. Gournia p. 50. Pseira p. 17. P of M I p. 78.

page 71 note 2 Frankfort Studies II pp. 90 ff.

page 71 note 3 Annuario XIII–XIV pp. 84–5.

page 71 note 4 P of M I p. 80.

page 71 note 5 This theory was suggested by Professor Myres.

page 71 note 6 Gournia p. 50. P of Ml p. 75.

page 73 note 1 Sphoungaras Fig. 21 c.

page 73 note 2 Gournia, p. 50.

page 73 note 3 BSA IX p. 322 Fig. 21, 10. 1918 Fig. 6, 10; 1929 Fig. 9, 17, 19.

page 73 note 4 Gournia p. 56 Fig. 37, 8.

page 73 note 5 Sphoungaras p. 51 Fig. 23 d.

page 73 note 6 1929 Fig. 9, 10.

page 73 note 7 Cf. BSA XXX pl. XII a and b.

page 73 note 8 BSA XXX p. 61 pl. XII a 14, p. 62 pl. XII b 10.

page 73 note 9 Mochlos p. 23 Fig. 7. II b.

page 74 note 1 Cf. BSA XXX p. 61. JHS XXVI p. 249 pl. X 3, 4.

page 75 note 1 JHS XXVI p. 249 pl. X 1.

page 75 note 2 P of M I p. 62 Figs. 25, 26. Mallia I p. 49 Fig. 13. 1918 pl. A top left. (Other jugs from Pyrgos have the same design but the paint on their spouts does not shew in the illustrations.)

page 75 note 3 BSA XXX pl. XII b 15.

page 75 note 4 VTM p. 41 pl. XXIX 4152.

page 75 note 5 P of M IV p. 79 Fig. 49 a. 1918 p. 145 Fig. 6, 23.

page 75 note 6 VTM p. 41 n. 3.

page 75 note 7 P of M IV pl. XXVIII a. (In this connection it is worth noting that no barbotine ware was found at Trapeza.)

page 76 note 1 Festòs p. 144 Fig. 120; p. 281 Figs. 163 and 164.

page 76 note 2 BSA IX p. 322 Fig. 21,9.

page 76 note 3 Sphoungaras p. 58 Fig. 30 F.

page 76 note 4 1918 p. 46 Fig. 1, 9. Festos p. 269, Fig. 152. Gournia p. 38 pl. VI 24.

page 76 note 5 JHS XXVI p. 249 pl. X 1.

page 76 note 6 BSA IX Fig. 21, 11.

page 77 note 1 Scripta Minoa p. 197 sign 40.

page 77 note 2 Also with dogs on other EM seals. Scripta Minoa p. 11 Fig. 5 b; P of M IV p. 521 Fig. 464, 3.

page 77 note 3 Scripta Minoa p. 230 sign 136.

page 77 note 4 Khamaizi: ᾿Αρχ. Δελτ 1906 p. 148 pl. IX. Vrokastro p. 117. Palaikastro: BSA IX p. 323. Sphoungaras: 1918 p. 47. Gournais: loc. cit. Mallia II p. 6. Prodhromos Botsanou: Scripta Minoa p. 12. Arvi: loc. cit. Isthmus of Hierapetra: B.M. Catalogue of Vases A. 443. Gournia (in the Hierapetra Museum).

page 77 note 5 P of M I p. 195 and ch. 13.

page 77 note 6 Mallia II p. 6.

page 78 note 1 VTM p. 14, 4174 pl. XX. Πρακτικἁ 1918 p. 48 Fig. 2.

page 82 note 1 BSA IX p. 342 Fig. 2.

page 82 note 2 Annuario XIII–XIV p. 12 Fig. 7 c.

page 82 note 3 Gournia p. 56 Fig. 37, 10.

page 82 note 4 ᾿Αρχ. Δελτ 1930 p. 95 Fig. 5 top row, centre.

page 82 note 5 Signorina Banti is, however, inclined to assign the Agia Triadha specimens to EM II.

page 82 note 6 Knossos: BSA XXX p. 65 pl. XII b 4. Krasi: 1929 p. 115 Fig. 9, 8. Gournais: 1918 p. 46 Fig. 1, 5.

page 82 note 7 Pyrgos: 1918 p. 144 Figs. 5, 2 and 6, 19 and 13.

page 82 note 8 Pyrgos: loc. cit. Fig. 5, 4. Mochlos pp. 76 and 97 Fig. 46 XXI 5. Two specimens, one from Koumasa (VTM p. 14 pl. XX 4234) and the other from Agia Triadha (Annuario XIII–XIV p. 19 Fig. 19), are respectively 10–5 and 8 cms. high, and although ascribed to EM III, probably belong to the end of this period, and are in consequence con temporary with MM Ia at Knossos.

page 82 note 9 BSA XXX p. 62 pl. XII a 21.

page 84 note 1 P of M I p. 59.

page 84 note 2 1918 pp. 156 ff. Figs. 8–11. BSA XIX p. 39 Figs. 3 and 4.

page 84 note 3 Mochlos p. 52 Figs. 22 and 23, VI 11.

page 84 note 4 BSA IX p. 340.

page 84 note 5 AJA 1897 pp. 287 ff.

page 84 note 6 Mochlos p. 74 Fig. 32 XXI 1.

page 84 note 7 Cf. Gournia p. 50 pl. XII 15, Sphoungaras p. 49. BSA Supp. I p. 6 Fig. 3, ƒ and g.

page 85 note 1 P of M I Fig. 118a 7 and Fig. 122, 7, 9, 10.

page 85 note 2 BSA IX p. 303, 9.

page 86 note 1 P of M lp. 124 Fig. 93 A. In the Pedhiadha pl.ain, at Thrapsanos, the potters' craft still flourishes, owing to the good quality of the clay, and the ubiquitous petrol can is rivalled by modern pithoi. A few of these are also made at Pinakiano in Lasithi, the clay coming from Agios Georgios or Kato Metokhi, cf. p. 29, n. 2.

page 88 note 1 Cf. BSA Supp. I p. 55.

page 88 note 2 BSA XXX p. 65 Fig. 6. Pachyammos p. 17 pl. XVI, IV b.

page 88 note 3 Cf. Pachyammos p. 14 Pls. V and XVI (78 of the 213 pithoi from this site had this design).

page 88 note 4 Fragments of pithoi from Syros, from the Acropolis near Khalandriarie have rope mouldings with diagonal cuts, while others have finger-tip impressions. 1899 pp. 121–122 pl. 9, 18.

page 89 note 1 Pachyammos pl. V.

page 89 note 2 Trans. Penn. Univ. I p. 217. Gournia p. 50, also cf. Pachyammos p. 14.

page 89 note 3 Cf. Pachyammos p. 27 pl. XVI, XV b, which contained two LM cups.

page 89 note 4 See p. 29, n. 2.

page 89 note 5 1918 p. 136 if. Figs. 3 and 4. Pachyammos p. 28 pl. XII, XVII b and c.

page 89 note 6 Pachyammos p. 15 pl. III; 1930 p. 145 ff. Figs. 7, 10, 17.

page 89 note 7 Cf. P of M I p. 586, Pachyammos p. 20. Trans. Penn. Univ. II p. 115.

page 90 note 1 Pseira p. 19 Fig. 4; Vrokastro p. 115 Fig. 57c; Sphoungaras p. 60 Fig. 32.

page 90 note 2 Sphoungaras p. 48; 1918 pp. 136 ff.; Pachyammos pl. XII, XVII c.

page 90 note 3 The whole deposit in the cave was so much disturbed that this is no certain evidence, and the bones may merely have been kicked to one side by robbers, but none were found in any way connected with pithos sherds.

page 90 note 4 BSA XIX pp. 12, 28, 30.

page 90 note 5 VTM pp. 55, 76.

page 90 note 6 As well as the pithos burial discovered during the winter subsequent to the excava tions, other pithos sherds came to light to the East of the cave in 1937. Also in 1896 Sir Arthur Evans heard of a pithos containing human remains from near the below Trapeza, but this may have been later in date. If any extensive cemetery existed, it would have been destroyed by modern terracing.

page 91 note 1 Pithos burial at Mokhlos does not seem to begin before MM III (Mochlos p. 14).

page 91 note 2 Two MM I pithos burials were found in a small cave at Meskine in 1938.

page 94 note 1 VTM p. 12 Pls. II and XIX 4137–9, 4993.

page 94 note 2 Mochlos p. 64 Figs. 32, 34 XIII g

page 94 note 3 Studies II pp. 106, 167.

page 94 note 4 Acta Archaeologica VI p. 32 Fig. 53 a.

page 94 note 5 Xanthoudides puts two of the Koumasa vessels to EM II, but this seems too early.

page 94 note 6 P of M IV p. 163.

page 95 note 1 Mochlos pp. 54 and 108 Fig. 24 VI 26. Sphoungarasp. 52 Fig. 25. (It is not absolutely clear from the text that there was no intrusive EM III element in the stratum where these were found.) AJA 1909 p. 279 Fig. 3. Evans would also include a signet and a curved cylinder from Tomb II at Mokhlos as EM II (P of M I pp. 83 and 94), but there was one EM III jug in this tomb, and the signet resembles those from the town site, quoted above as EM III, while the coil pattern on the cylinder looks almost later.

page 95 note 2 P of M 1 p. 121. Scripta Minoa p. 120.

page 95 note 3 Annuario XIII–XIV p. 48 Fig. 71.

page 95 note 4 Scripta Minoa p. 212 sign 85.

page 95 note 5 P of M I p. 199. But the bottle shape has already been found in hard stone (Scripta Minoa p. 120).

page 97 note 1 VTM pl. VIII 681, 652, pl. XIV 1094, pl. XV 1084. Ag. OnouphriosDeposit Figs. 86, 87. Annuario XIII–XIV p. 49 Fig. 75. Sphoungarasp. 52 Fig. 25. 1907 pl. 6, 8.

page 97 note 2 Hittite Seals p. 32 pl. V 124–31, pl. VII 216; Contenau, Manuel d'Archeologie p. 814 Fig. 576; OICP XXX p. 348, Fig. 272; Schliemann's Sammlung p. 254, 6434; Ag. Onouphrios Deposit p. 133 Fig. 136 (Mould from Maeonia); Petrie, Buttons and Design Scarabs, p. 3 pl. IV (from Bismya and Aleppo); Phil. Mus. Journ. 1932–3 p. 357 pl. XCI (Hissar I) and pl. CVII (Hissar II). The same design appears as far apart as Susa (Contenau, Manuel d'Archeologie pp. 363 and 433 Figs. 268, 269) and Thessaly, Dhimini Sesklo p. 342 Fig. 272, but the most striking proof of its origin lies in the fact that it is first found in Egypt on button seals of the VIIth–VIIIth Dynasties, which, as Petrie has shown, are themselves of North Syrian ancestry (Petrie, loc. cit.; cf. also Frankfort, JEA 1926 Egypt and Syria in the First Intermediate Period). It may, of course, have come to Crete via Egypt.

page 97 note 3 P of M I p. 117.

page 97 note 4 VTM p. 129.

page 97 note 5 P of M I p. 119.

page 97 note 6 Cf. Abydos II p. 25 pl. VI 50–61, 64, 65, although these are squarer in the jaw and usually have their fore-paws placed on the ground in front, which hunches up their bodies more in the manner of the platanos example (see note 7). Demargne seems to con sider that 7 has Syrian connections. (Rev. Arch. 1937 p. 244.)

page 97 note 7 VTM p. 114 pl. XIII 1040.

page 97 note 8 Cf. VTM p. 122 pl. XV 233 and 1147.

page 97 note 9 VTM pl. XIV 1027 and 1028.

page 97 note 10 VTM pl. IV 516.

page 97 note 11 Ag. Onouphrios Deposit p. 108 Fig. 82.

page 97 note 12 Cf. VTM pl. XV 1146 and 1026.

page 98 note 1 P of M I p. 83.

page 98 note 2 In particular P of M I p. 94 Fig. 64 from Mokhlos (Mochlos p. 34 Fig. 12 II 41).

page 98 note 3 VTM p. 115 pl. XIV 1028.

page 98 note 4 VTM pl. IV 518, 800 pl. XIII ? 16, 1052, etc.

page 98 note 5 1907 p. 150 pl. 6, 7.

page 98 note 6 Hittite Seals pp. 32 and 62 pl. V 136.

page 98 note 7 VTM pl. XIII 1035. Two rather similar seals, with the design too much worn to be distinguishable, were recovered by Sir Arthur Evans in 1896.

page 98 note 8 Cf. Mochlos p. 70.

page 98 note 9 Gournia p. 54 Fig. 28, 4 a. This seal is unique in having a dark surface wash, and seems itself to be an imitation of black steatite. The design may, however, go back to EM II, since it is found on a limestone cylinder from Mokhlos which was associated with sherds ofthat period (Mochlos p. 109 Fig. 54).

page 98 note 10 This design also occurs on a bronze stamp from Thermi (Lamb Thermi p. 171 Fig. 50 pl. XXV), which unfortunately was not stratified, and Miss Lamb connects it with that on the Anatolian seals already quoted as parallels to 5 and 7 (see p. 97, n. 2).

page 99 note 1 P of M I p. 123; Scripta Minoa p. 130.

page 99 note 2 JHS VII pl. IX 3. The dog here faces the opposite way.

page 99 note 3 Loc. cit. pl. IX 4. The star occurs in Hieroglyphs of Class A (Scripta Minoa p. 221 sign 108).

page 99 note 4 Cf. Newberry Scarabs p. 71.

page 99 note 5 Petrie Scarabs and Cylinders with Names pp. 5 and 6.

page 99 note 6 Petrie op. cit. pl. VII 34–51. The closest resemblances are, however, to Newberry op. cit. pl. XVIII 26 and 27 and to Illahun, Kahun and Gurob pl. VIII 73.

page 99 note 7 Petrie, Buttons and Design Scarabs p. 14.

page 99 note 8 Pendlebury Aegyptiaca pl. I pp. 7, 9, n, 15, 29, 35.

page 99 note 9 P of M I p. 199 Fig. 147.

page 99 note 10 VTM pl. XV 1058.

page 99 note 11 Cf. P of M I p. 202.

page 99 note 12 Cf. the section on Pithoi above. The fact that so few MM I seals occurred also supports this idea.

page 99 note 13 The Diktaian scarab is also attributed to MM I by Evans (P of M I p. 199).

page 100 note 1 P of M IV p. 94 Fig. 61.

page 100 note 2 Ibid. IV 94 Fig. 62.

page 100 note 3 Ibid. I p. 201 Fig. 151.

page 102 note 1 Mochlos p. 30 Figs. 8 and 9, II 15; p. 31 Figs. 10 and 11, II 19; p. 73 Fig. 43, XIX 19; p. 77 Fig. 20, XXI 13.

page 102 note 2 P of MI pp. 97, 98.

page 102 note 3 Cf. Mochlos p. 107; VTM p. 47.

page 102 note 4 Cf. Mochlos p. 31 Figs. 10 and 11, II 24.

page 102 note 5 Cf. ibid. p. 55 Fig. 25, VI 31.

page 102 note 6 Mochlos pp. 104–24 (Tomb II) 70 (Tomb XIX). These two tombs belonged to the period of the Vasilike mottled ware: in Tomb VI, which was slightly earlier, gold occurred, but not in such profusion, although the deposit was comparatively untouched.

page 103 note 1 VTM p. 82 pl. XLIII b. As well as at Mokhlos and in the Messara EM gold has been found at Sphoungaras (Sphoungaras p. 52 Fig. 4) Pyrgos ( 1918 p. 166 Fig. 15) and possibly Palaikastro (BSA VIII p. 278).

page 103 note 2 Cf. the EM gold from Tomb II Mokhlos with the MM I flower and pendant from Mallia (P of M IV p. 75 Figs. 47 and 48), the MM II spray from the Loom Weight deposit (P of M I p. 252 Fig. 189 b) and the MM III foil from the Templ.e Repositories (P of M I p. 469 Fig. 337). Mycenean work carries on the same traditions.

page 103 note 3 Frankfort SAOC No. 4 Archaeology and the Sumerian Problem Appendix II, where the connections with Troy, Ur, etc., are also given.

page 103 note 4 P of M I p. 99; VTM p. 47.

page 103 note 5 Ornaments are published in Sphoungaras p. 184 Fig. 107. Mochlos p. 54 Fig. 25, VI 25. VTM p. 67, 239 (this pin may be MM in date), a cup or bowl in Mochlos p. 52 Fig. 32, VI 8, three daggers in VTM p. 47 pl. XXIX b 212–14, and nails in VTM p. 107.

page 103 note 6 A larger specimen from Mokhlos also has three rivet holes (Mochlos p. 78 Fig. 44, XXI 20).

page 104 note 1 P of M II p. 169 n. 2; ibid. II p. 180.

page 104 note 2 Ibid I pp. 191–3.

page 104 note 3 OICP XIX p. 112 Fig. 126. Alishar II is now dated to between 2200 and 1800 b.c.

page 104 note 4 E.g. Lavreion and Siphnos.

page 104 note 5 Cf. VTM pp. 26, 27; Mochlos p. 106 n. 1; Mosso Dawn of Med. Civ. pp. 105–10.

page 104 note 6 VTM p. 27; Gournia p. 33; Mosso op. cit. pp. 289–93; BSA XIX p. 47 note.

page 104 note 7 Cf. Frankfort Studies II p. 119. Copper was extremely rare before EM II. Its earliest known occurrence is an axe from a Neolithic house at Knossos (P of M II p. 14 Fig. 3ƒ), which Evans regards as an import. There was also a fragment found at Mokhlos in an EM I deposit (Mochlos p. 93).

page 104 note 8 P of M II. p. 176.

page 105 note 1 Those on which only one rivet-hole now remains seem to be broken at the top, and may have had others to prevent the blade from swivelling. Gf. the silver one II I which has three, and two tweezer blades from Mokhlos (Mochlos p. 73 Fig. 44, XIX 25), which have two arranged one above the other instead of side by side. All these Trapeza exampl.es are, however, too short to be termed tweezers.

page 105 note 2 Mochlos Fig. 25, VI 29; Fig. 44, I l, XIX 29, 30, 32, XXI 20; p. 36, II 50; p. 107.

page 105 note 3 BSA VIII p. 296.

page 105 note 4 VTM p. 28 pl. XXIV b 1200, 1201 (Koumasa); p. 67 pl. XXXIX b 1438 (Porti); p. 80 pl. XLIII a (Dhrakonais); p. 82 pl. XLIII b 1501, 1502 (Kalathiana); p. 108 pl. LVI 1944, 1947, 1948 (platanos). A similar type, but rather longer occurred at Gournia (Gournia p. 34 pl. IV 28–31), but seems to have belonged to the Town Period and not to be a real parallel.

page 105 note 5 Mosso op. cit. pp. 135–7.

page 105 note 6 Mochlos p. 21, I l Fig. 44; and p. 36, II 50; VTM p. 108 pl. LVI 1944. This handle is of copper, but made separately from the blade. Seager mentions one in which both are in one piece (Mochlos p. 107 n. 2).

page 105 note 7 The handle and blade of this cutter were separate when found, but from the exact correspondence of the rivet-holes through each there is no doubt that they belong.

page 105 note 8 Gournia p. 56; Sphoungaras p. 68 Fig. 41; BSA Supp. I p. 118 Fig. 100. (These may, however, all be MM I or even later.)

page 105 note 9 VTM p. 28.

page 105 note 10 Mosso loc. cit.

page 105 note 11 One from Mokhlos is as long as 7·3 cms., but is still thin in the blade (Mochlos p. 78 Fig. 44 XXI 20). The largest from the Messara is 6? cms. (VTM p. 28 pl. XXIV b 1200).

page 106 note 1 JHS XIV p. 305 sign 16. The symbol is frequent, and Evans considers it may represent an instrument for cutting leather. It is found in a short and a long form, both with round blobs to represent the handle.

page 106 note 2 Mochlos p. 21. At Mokhlos they were most frequently associated with tweezers, but none of these were recovered at Trapeza.

page 106 note 3 ᾿Αρχ. Δελτ 1899 pl. 10, 30–34 and p. 109, Grave 17g; p. 110, Grave 242; p. III, Grave 322.

page 106 note 4 See p. 105, nn. 1 and 4.

page 106 note 5 BSA VII p. 143.

page 106 note 6 Cf. P of M I p. 99. VTM pp. 25, 26. Mochlos p. 106, also for the nearest parallel Fig. 44, XIX 26.

page 106 note 7 Cf. VTM p. IX. Two were found at Salame, where the sherds were all EM I and II (VTM p. 73, 1489, 1490) and some occurred in the EM ossuaries at ᾿Αρχ. Δελτ (BSA Supp. I p. 116 pl. XXIV D and E). Many also appeared during the first excavations in the Arkalokhori Cave, where the pottery was equally early (BSA XIX p. 44 Figs. 7 and 8), but this is uncertain evidence, since bronze swords and axes found on the same site in 1935 were much later in date (P of M IV 346) and some at least of those from the earlier dig should be contemporary.

page 107 note 1 VTM p. 26 pl. XXIV 1175 etc. pl. XXIX 1161 pl. LV 1893, 1894, 1897. ᾿Εφ. ᾿Αρχ 1918 p. 165 Fig. 15. Jahrbuch 1933 p. 302 Figs. 13, 14. There is also an exampl.e from the Diktaian Cave which Evans regards as the prototype of ribbed LM swords (P of M IV p. 845 Fig. 826), but this is longer and narrower than the Trapeza specimen and may well be rather later in date (cf. p. 23).

page 107 note 2 Gf. a blade from Amorgos ( 1899 p. 189 pl. 12, 6) and three (unpublished) from the same island in the Ashmolean Museum (catalogue nos. Æ 240–42).

page 107 note 3 Cf. VTM p. 26.

page 107 note 4 Mochlos Fig. 45, III o, p. 40; XI 22, p. 61; XIII m, p. 65.

page 107 note 5 Gournia p. 34 pl. IV 51. VTM p. 107 pl. LV 1886.

page 107 note 6 P of Ml p. 194 Fig. 141.

page 107 note 7 VTM p. 107 pl. LV 1902, 1930.

page 107 note 8 P of M I p. 195.

page 108 note 1 Cf. Mochlos p. 36, II 47; p. 44, V m. Mokhlos appears to be the only site of this date on which lead has been found.

page 109 note 1 Sphoungaras p. 69 Fig. 44.

page 109 note 2 P of M II p. 540 Fig. 344.

page 109 note 3 Ibid. I p. 456.

page 109 note 4 Plate 15 III 1–6; cf. Mochlos Fig. 44 XIX 29, 30, 32.

page 109 note 5 Ibid. Fig. 47 M 1.

page 110 note 1 Mochlos Fig. 47 M 17.

page 110 note 2 Ibid. Fig. 22 VI 10 and 16.

page 110 note 3 Ibid. Fig. 32 XIII e.

page 111 note 1 Mr. W. B. Emery, from a sketch only, says it might be of IIIrd Dynasty date.

page 111 note 2 Mochos Fig. 7 a.

page 111 note 3 Ibid. Fig. 46 XXI 9.

page 111 note 4 Ibid. Fig. 4 XIX 5.

page 111 note 5 1899 Additional pl.ate p. 88, 1.

page 111 note 6 Ibid. 1899 p. 100.

page 111 note 7 VTM pl. XXII 746.

page 111 note 8 Ibid. pl. XXXVIII 1052, 1063.

page 111 note 9 ᾿Αρχ. Δελτ 1899 p. 97 Fig. 27.

page 111 note 10 Mochlos Fig. 18 IV 4 and 5 Fig. 4 I ƒ.

page 111 note 11 Mochlos Fig. 4 and 5 I i. Cf. green schist lamp with flat spout and one pierced ledge handle from Palaikastro BSA VIII p. 291 pl. XVII 1.

page 111 note 12 Seager Mochlos p. 101, use of soft black steatite in EM III.

page 111 note 13 Mochlos Fig. 46 XXI 7.

page 112 note 1 Seager Mochlos pp. 38, 39.

page 112 note 2 There is a very close parallel from Arvi with a similar profile. Ag. Onouphrios Deposit p. 121 Fig. 119.

page 112 note 3 VTM pl. XXXIX 1033, 1062. Cf. also Mochlos Fig. 32 XX 3 with slightly incurved sides, also of black steatite.

page 113 note 1 Annuario XIII–XIV p. 32 Fig. 51.

page 113 note 2 Mochlos Fig. 7 II h.

page 113 note 3 Ibid. Fig. 4 XIX 2, 6.

page 113 note 4 Ibid. Fig. 18 IV 3.

page 113 note 5 Ibid. p. 44.

page 113 note 6 Annuario XIII–XIV Fig. 50 b p. 33.

page 113 note 7 VTM pl. XXII 848.

page 113 note 8 Ibid. Koumasa pl. XXIII 866 and p. 21; Porti pl. XXXIX b; Pyrgos ᾿Εφ. ᾿Αρχ 1918 p. 166 and Fig. 15.

page 113 note 9 Syros Τἀ ῾Ελληνικἁ 1899 p. 100; Phylakope JHS Supp. IV (1904) pl. XXXVIII 22–7.

page 113 note 10 Biegen Zygouries pp. 21 ff. 26, 47, and pl. XX 5 p. ig8. Korakou p. 104; Goldman Eutresis p. 206 Fist. 277.

page 113 note 11 Gournia pl. III 16.

page 113 note 12 VTM Koumasa pl. XXIII 787, 788.

page 114 note 1 Gournia pl. III 52.

page 114 note 2 P of M I Fig. 15 a 1.

page 114 note 3 Cf. ibid. Fig. 1502 and 3.

page 114 note 4 Gournia pl. III 1, 2 and p. 31; Lamb Thermi pp. 185, 186; Goldman Eutresis pp. 202–3. Fig. 274.

page 117 note 1 Prof. Karo suggested that this might be a phallus.

page 117 note 2 For this type cf. VTM pl. XXXIX 172 Porti. Some figurines from the cave at Pyrgos very roughly approximate to this shape. IV 1918 p. 163 Figs. 14, 252, 253, 255.

page 117 note 3 Cf. Annuario XIII–XIV Fig. 58e VTM pl. IV 130 Koumasa; pl. XXXIX 173 Porti; Mochlos Fig. 47 M 5.

page 117 note 4 Annuario XIII–XIV Fig. 58 ƒ.

page 117 note 5 Annuario XIII–XIV Fig. 58 d.

page 117 note 6 Ibid. Figs. 58 a, b, c.

page 117 note 7 Ibid. Fig. 58 a, b, c, d.

page 117 note 8 Ibid. Fig. 58 g–o; VTM pl. IV 135, 128, 129.

page 117 note 9 Halbherr, M.R. Is. Lomb. p. 251 and pl. XI Fig. 27.

page 117 note 10 Evans P of M I pp. 83, 84 Fig. 52.

page 117 note 11 Petrie Naqada pp. 45, 46 and pl. LIX.

page 117 note 12 Petrie Naqada pl. LIX, 3, 4.

page 117 note 13 Ibid. pl. LIX 2.

page 119 note 1 Petrie Naqada pl. LIX 9, 10.

page 119 note 2 The beard in the prehistoric Egyptian figures is indicated by lines, ibid. pl. LIX 5, 8.

page 119 note 3 Annuario XIII–XIV pp. 244–5.

page 119 note 4 Ibid. p. 95.

page 119 note 5 1898–9.

page 119 note 6 P of M II 1 pp. 32 ff.

page 119 note 7 Petrie Naqada pl. LIX 11.

page 119 note 8 VTM pl. XXXIX 172 Porti.

page 119 note 9 Naqada pl. LIX 10.

page 119 note 10 Annuario XIII–XIV Fig. 58 a, b, c.

page 120 note 1 1899 p. 97 Fig. 30. Cf. also limestone figurine from Palaikastro BSA Supp. I p. 149 Fig. 131.

page 120 note 2 In the Syros example quoted as the closest parallel to Nos. 6 and 7 from Trapeza the projection is fairly short.

page 120 note 3 Sir Arthur Evans Ag. Onouphrios Deposit p. 125 Figs. 124–6. Bittel Praehistorische Forschung in Kleinasien p. 74 pl. IX 7–11 Alishar ib; pl. XVI 11 and 12 Alishar ib; pl. XVI 13 and 14 Troy; pl. XVI 15 Thermi. ᾿Αρχ. Δελτ IV 1918 p. 163 Fig. 14 256 Pyrgos; ᾿Εφ. ᾿Αρχ 1899 p. 97 Fig. 30 Syros. Opinions differ as to whether they represent a deity (VTM p. 23), votive figures of worshippers (Mosso, Dawn of Mediterranean Civilisation pp. 162 ff.), or attendants on the dead like the Egyptian ushabti (Hogarth, Essays in Aegean Archaeology, Aegean Sepulchral Figurines pp. 57 ff.).

page 120 note 4 VTM pl. XV (below) 224, platanos; pl. XXI (above) 122–7, Koumasa; Ag. Onouphrios Deposit p. 26 Fig. 129; Pyrgos ᾿Εφ. ᾿Αρχ IV 1918 p. 163 Fig. 14.

page 120 note 5 VTM pl. XV (below) 229 platanos, pl. VIII 171 Porti. (This figure may well be transitional in date between the Trapeza figures and the platanos amulet VTM pl. XV 229.) Mochlos p. 49 Fig. 21; Khamaizi ῾Αρχ. Δελτ 1906 p. 135.

page 120 note 6 Annuario XIII–XIV Fig. 58 k.

page 121 note 1 Annuario XIII–XIV Fig. 58 m and n.

page 121 note 2 Cf. Machios p. 49 Fig. 21.

page 121 note 3 BSA XXX p. 71 Fig. 9.

page 121 note 4 Aberg Bronzezeitliche und Fruheisenzeitliche Chronologie IV p. 69 Fig. 119.

page 122 note 1 In particular Mochlos p. 55 Fig. 25 Tomb VI, where four necklaces were found, and VTM p. 124 platanos, where over 2000 beads occurred.

page 122 note 2 VTM Pls. XLIII b and LVIII; Mochlos Fig. 41.

page 123 note 1 VTM Pls. XXVI a, XXXIX b and XLIII b; Vrokastro p. 184, Mochlos Fig. 41.

page 123 note 2 VTM pl. XXVI a; Mochlos Fig. 25. For the early use of faience see P of MI p. 85 and VTM p. 31.

page 123 note 3 Ag. Onouphrios Deposit p. 109.

page 123 note 4 Loc. cit. Mochlos Fig. 25, P of M I Fig. 120. The latter are from the Vat Room deposit and date from MM Ia.

page 123 note 5 Mochlos p. 55 Fig. 25, VI 34.

page 123 note 6 Loc. cit. VI 35.

page 123 note 7 VTM pl. XLIII b 825. This is in crystal, but for shape alone cf. a steatite pendant from Agios Onouphrios (Ag. Onouphrios Dep. p. 109).

page 123 note 8 VTM p. 49 pl. XXXII 870–3; p. 69, pl. XXXIX b; p. 87, pl. XLVI a.

page 123 note 9 Mosso Dawn Med. Civ. pp. 198–205 Fig. 112. Some similar ones occurred on the Kastellos, but in mixed EM-MM strata only. Those from the Neolithic deposits at Knossos are larger and seem to be real spindle whorls (P of M I p. 43 Fig. 10).

page 124 note 1 From near Manfredonia. Mosso loc. cit.

page 124 note 2 VTM p. 49.

page 124 note 3 Mosso op. cit. p. 202.

page 124 note 4 AJA 1897 p. 297 Fig. 8; BSA XI p. 265 pl. VIII; ibid. XIX p. 30 Fig. 8; P of M I p. 42; II p. 13 Fig. 3 h.

page 124 note 5 Mosso op. cit. pp. 66, 67, Figs. 101, 102.

page 124 note 6 BSA IX p. 343. The object in question is said to resemble the end of a pocket paper-knife, and no piercing is mentioned.

page 124 note 7 Inlays have occurred in an EM II–III context at Mokhlos (Mochlos p. 34, II 39), and there is a curious object from the same site, which may also be compared, from Tomb VI, and therefore belonging to the first phase of EM II (op. cit. p. 55 Fig. 25, VI 30).

page 124 note 8 They bear no relation to the stone palettes from the Messara which may have served some ritual purpose (VTM p. 16).

page 125 note 1 Blegen Zygouries pp. 196–8 pl. XXII 13–21; Korakou p. 104; Goldman Eutresis p. 201 Fig. 271.

page 125 note 2 1899 pl. 10 35–6.

page 125 note 3 Lamb Thermi p. 195 pl. XXIII. This example belonged to Thermi IV b, i.e. c 2600–2500, which seems early for the Trapeza one.

page 125 note 4 Schiemanr's Sammlung 8432–4.

page 125 note 5 1899 p. 123 Fig. 33.

page 125 note 6 Ibid. 1899 p. 100.

page 125 note 7 ῾Αρχ. Δελτ 1899 pl. 9, 30–4; VTM pl. XXIV 1201, 1200; Mochlos Fig. 44 Nos. XXI 20 and XIX 29, 30, 32; Zygouries pl. XX 22. Tsountas regards these cutters as connected with the toilet of women, as they are found most often with needles; 1899 p. 103.

page 125 note 8 ῾Αρχ. Δελτ 1899 pl. 10, 40, 41, 42; Mochlos Fig. 44 XIX 28 XIX. 33. Blegen Zygouries pl. XX 19; Goldman Eutresis p. 216 Fig. 286, 3.

page 130 note 1 If upper facial height be denoted this is a very small figure.—W. L. H. D.

page 130 note 2 A relatively wide countenance. Martin uses the term Euryene, not Euryprosopy.—W. L. H. D.

page 130 note 3 Hyperleptorrhine (a very narrow nose.)—W. L. H. D.

page 130 note 4 Chamaeprosope has been used to denote this character.—W. L. H. D.

page 131 note 1 See p. 130, n. 2.—W. L. H. D.