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Internal nutrient loading may increase microcystin concentrations in freshwater lakes by promoting growth of Microcystis populations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 August 2013

Diane M. Orihel ,
Ora Hadas ,
Riki Pinkas ,
Yehudit Viner-Mozzini  and
Assaf Sukenik
Diane M. Orihel*
Affiliation:
The Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, PO Box 345, Migdal 14950, Israel Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.
Ora Hadas
Affiliation:
The Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, PO Box 345, Migdal 14950, Israel
Riki Pinkas
Affiliation:
The Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, PO Box 345, Migdal 14950, Israel
Yehudit Viner-Mozzini
Affiliation:
The Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, PO Box 345, Migdal 14950, Israel
Assaf Sukenik
Affiliation:
The Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, PO Box 345, Migdal 14950, Israel
*
*Corresponding author: orihel@ualberta.ca
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Abstract

Nutrient release from lake sediments may increase concentrations of harmful algal toxins – such as microcystins – by stimulating blooms of toxigenic cyanobacteria. This hypothesis is supported by a series of experiments in which intact cores of sediment were incubated under different environmental conditions, after which the water overlying the sediments was harvested as a culture medium for growing a toxic strain of the common cyanobacterium Microcystis. Both littoral and profundal sediments from Lake Kinneret, the largest freshwater lake in Israel, released substantial amounts of dissolved phosphorus (1.0 and 4.0 mg.m−2.d−1, respectively) and nitrogen (44.2 and 24.3 mg.m−2.d−1, respectively) under simulated summer conditions in the laboratory. In comparison, nutrient fluxes from sediments under simulated winter conditions were considerably smaller or negative. The addition of nutrient-rich overlying water harvested from profundal sediments, and to a lesser extent from littoral sediments, increased both chlorophyll a and microcystin concentrations in Microcystis cultures. In contrast, when Microcystis cells were inoculated in natural surface waters only, the cultures did not grow or produce microcystins, and soon collapsed. This study provides experimental evidence of a link between internal nutrient loading from sediments and microcystin concentrations in freshwaters, and demonstrates how environmental factors may indirectly exert control over toxin concentrations in freshwater lakes.

Keywords

Microcystinscyanobacterialake sedimentsinternal loadingphosphorus
Type
Research Article
Information
Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology , Volume 49 , Issue 3 , 2013 , pp. 225 - 235
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, 2013

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