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Responses of young calves to low ambient temperatures at two levels of feeding

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

J. W. Schrama ,
A. Arieli ,
M. J. W. Heetkamp  and
M. W. A. Verstegen
J. W. Schrama
Affiliation:
Animal Husbandry Department, Agricultural University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands Animal Nutrition Department, Agricultural University, Haagsteeg 4, 6708 PM Wageningen, The Netherlands
A. Arieli
Affiliation:
Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
M. J. W. Heetkamp
Affiliation:
Animal Husbandry Department, Agricultural University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
M. W. A. Verstegen
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Department, Agricultural University, Haagsteeg 4, 6708 PM Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract

Seven groups of five or six Holstein-Friesian male calves were transported to an experimental farm at 2 to 3 days of age. At 6 days of age, heat production (HP) and metabolizable energy (ME) intake were measured for an 8-day period. During this period, calves were exposed to various ambient temperatures: 6, 9, 12 and 15°C. Ambient temperature was constant within days, but changed between days. Calves were fed below (four groups) or near (three groups) the maintenance requirements (290 or 460 kJ ME per kg M0·75 per day).

From 6 to 14 days of age the lower critical temperature (Tc) was 12·5°C and HP increased by 8·4 kJ/kg M0·75 per day per °Cfall in ambient temperature below Tc. Both Tc and increase in HP below Tc were not affected by feeding level. Rectal temperature was lower at low ambient temperatures. The decrease in rectal temperature with ambient temperature was greatest at the low feeding level.

During the experimental period, calves were not in a steady-state regarding energy metabolism. Heat production decreased with time. This decrease was affected by feeding level and ambient temperature. After arrival, the influence of both ambient temperature and feeding level on the energy metabolism of young calves increased with time.

Keywords

calvesenergy metabolismfood intakeheat productionthermoregulation
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 55 , Issue 3 , December 1992 , pp. 397 - 405
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1992

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