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The two sides of border disease in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica): silent persistence and population collapse

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2015

Ignasi Marco ,
Oscar Cabezón ,
Roser Velarde ,
Laura Fernández-Sirera ,
Andreu Colom-Cadena ,
Emmanuel Serrano ,
Rosa Rosell ,
Encarna Casas-Díaz  and
Santiago Lavín
Ignasi Marco*
Affiliation:
Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain
Oscar Cabezón
Affiliation:
Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain IRTA-Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CRESA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain
Roser Velarde
Affiliation:
Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain
Laura Fernández-Sirera
Affiliation:
École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 31300-Toulouse, France
Andreu Colom-Cadena
Affiliation:
Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain
Emmanuel Serrano
Affiliation:
Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Rosa Rosell
Affiliation:
IRTA-Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CRESA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca, Alimentació i Medi Natural, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08007-Barcelona, Spain
Encarna Casas-Díaz
Affiliation:
Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain
Santiago Lavín
Affiliation:
Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: Ignasi.Marco@uab.cat
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Abstract

In 2001, border disease virus (BDV) was identified as the cause of a previously unreported disease in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) in Spain. Since then, the disease has caused a dramatic decrease, and in some cases collapse, of chamois populations and has expanded to nearly the entire distribution area in the Pyrenees. Chamois BDV was characterized as BDV-4 genotype and experimental studies confirmed that it was the primary agent of the disease. The infection has become endemic in the Central and Eastern Pyrenees. However, while most Pyrenean chamois populations have been severely affected by the disease, others have not, despite the circulation of BDV in apparently healthy individuals, suggesting the existence of different viral strategies for persisting in the host population. Changes in the interplay of pathogen, host and environmental factors may lead to the formation of different disease patterns. A key factor influencing disease emergence may be pathogen invasiveness through viral mutation. Host factors, such as behavior, immunity at the population level and genetic variability, may also have driven different epidemiological scenarios. Climatic and other ecological factors may have favored secondary infections, such as pneumonia, that under particular circumstances have been major contributing factors in the high mortality observed in some areas.

Keywords

border disease viruspestivirusdisease emergencePyrenean chamoisRupicapra pyrenaica
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 16 , Issue 1 , June 2015 , pp. 70 - 77
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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