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Bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in heterologous species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2009

Thomas Passler  and
Paul H. Walz
Thomas Passler
Affiliation:
Departments of Clinical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL36849, USA
Paul H. Walz*
Affiliation:
Departments of Clinical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL36849, USA
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: walzpau@auburn.edu
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Abstract

Infections with Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are not limited to cattle, but may be detected in various species in the mammalian order Artiodactyla. Despite epidemiological evidence of BVDV infections in species other than cattle, current knowledge regarding the impact of BVDV on heterologous species is incomplete. In heterologous hosts, BVDV infections with clinical signs analogous to those in cattle have been described and include disease of multiple organ systems, most notably the reproductive tract and immune system. Clinical infections may negatively impact the health and well-being of heterologous species, including camelids and captive and free-ranging wildlife. Of additional importance are BVDV infections in small ruminants and swine where difficulties arise in laboratory testing for Border disease virus (BDV) and Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), respectively. Pestiviruses are antigenically closely related and their cross-reactivity requires additional efforts in virological testing. In cattle populations, persistently infected animals are considered the main source of BVDV transmission. This phenomenon has also been detected in heterologous species, which could facilitate reservoirs for BVDV that may be of great importance where control programs are in progress. This review summarizes the current epidemiological and clinical knowledge on heterologous BVDV infections and discusses their implications.

Keywords

Bovine viral diarrhea virusPestiviruscross-species infectionepidemiologyhost range
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 11 , Issue 2 , December 2010 , pp. 191 - 205
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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