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Conservation of threatened goat breeds in India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2014

Ajoy Mandal ,
M. Karunakaran ,
P.K. Rout  and
R. Roy
Ajoy Mandal*
Affiliation:
Eastern Regional Station, National Dairy Research Institute, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
M. Karunakaran
Affiliation:
Eastern Regional Station, National Dairy Research Institute, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
P.K. Rout
Affiliation:
Genetics and Breeding Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
R. Roy
Affiliation:
Genetics and Breeding Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
*
Correspondence to: Ajoy Mandal, Eastern Regional Station, National Dairy Research Institute, Kalyani, West Bengal, India. emails: ajoymandal@rediffmail.com, ajoymandal@gmail.com
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Summary

India is a rich repository of goat genetic resources having 23 well-recognized goat breeds. These breeds have evolved through natural selection and selective breeding by rearers for adaptation to specific agro-ecological conditions. As the indigenous goat breeds of India display great variation in adaptability, productivity, feed utilization, disease resistance, etc. so conservation for unique characteristics of indigenous breeds are of great importance. The recognized breeds of Indian goat population are facing a greater threat due to lack of enforcement of proper breeding policy, inadequate number of breeding bucks, indiscriminate crossbreeding and intermixing among breeds with local animals etc. Considering the current population size, declining rate of population, loss of habitat and introduction of other breeds in the area, the threatened goat breeds are Jamunapari, Beetal, Jakhrana and Surti in the northwestern region, Sangamneri, Osmanabadi, Malabari and Attappady Black in the southern region, Ganjam in the eastern region, and Chegu and Changthangi in the temperate Himalayan region. Furthermore, the positions of several breeds are more or less vulnerable in their breeding tracts. Now, efforts have been made to conserve the indigenous goat breeds for their unique characteristics in their home tracts through in-situ and ex-situ conservation in different agroclimatic regions of India.

Résumé

L'Inde est une riche réserve en ressources génétiques caprines avec 23 races de chèvre bien définies. Ces races ont évolué par sélection naturelle et l'élevage sélectif vers une adaptation à des conditions agro-écologiques spécifiques. Compte tenu du fait que les races caprines autochtones de l'Inde présentent une grande variation quant à son adaptabilité, sa productivité, son utilisation des aliments, sa résistance aux maladies, etc.…, la conservation des caractéristiques singulières des races autochtones revêt une grande importance. Les races reconnues de la population caprine indienne sont de plus en plus menacées à cause de la non-application de politiques d'élevage appropriées, le nombre inadéquat de boucs reproducteurs, le croisement sans discrimination des animaux autochtones avec des reproducteurs d'autres races, etc… Étant donnés la taille actuelle de la population, le décroissement de celle-ci, la perte d'habitat et l'introduction d'autres races dans la région, les races caprines menacées sont Jamunapari, Beetal, Jakhrana et Surti dans le Nord-Ouest, Sangamneri, Osmanabadi, Malabari et Attappady Noire au Sud, Ganjam dans la région Orientale et Chegu et Changthangi dans la région Tempérée de l'Himalaya. Par ailleurs, plusieurs races sont plus ou moins vulnérables dans leurs zones traditionnelles d'élevage. Actuellement des efforts se font, dans les différentes régions agro-climatiques de l'Inde, pour conserver, dans leurs régions d'origine, les races caprines autochtones, avec ses caractéristiques uniques, au moyen de la conservation in situ et ex situ.

Resumen

La India es una rica reserva de recursos genéticos caprinos ya que atesora 23 razas de cabra bien definidas. Estas razas han evolucionado por selección natural y cría selectiva de los ganaderos hacia la adaptación a condiciones agroecológicas específicas. Dado que las razas caprinas autóctonas de la India muestran una gran variabilidad en cuanto a su capacidad de adaptación, su productividad, su aprovechamiento de los alimentos, su resistencia a enfermedades, etc…, la conservación de las características singulares de estas razas autóctonas resulta de una gran importancia. Las razas reconocidas de la población caprina india están cada vez más amenazadas debido a la no aplicación de políticas adecuadas de cría animal, un número inadecuado de machos reproductores, el cruzamiento indiscriminado y el mestizaje de los animales autóctonos con ejemplares de otras razas, etc… Teniendo en cuenta el tamaño actual de la población, el decrecimiento de la misma, la pérdida de hábitat y la introducción de otras razas en el área, las razas caprinas amenazadas son Jamunapari, Beetal, Jakhrana y Surti en la región Noroccidental, Sangamneri, Osmanabadi, Malabari y Negra Attappady en la región Meridional, Ganjam en la región Oriental y Chegu y Changthangi en la región Templada del Himalaya. Asimismo, varias razas se encuentran, en mayor o menor medida, en una situación de vulnerabilidad en sus lugares tradicionales de cría. En la actualidad, se están haciendo esfuerzos, en diferentes regiones agroclimáticas de la India, por conservar las razas caprinas autóctonas, con sus características únicas, en sus lugares de origen, mediante la conservación in situ y ex situ.

Keywords

conservationgoatIndiathreatened breedconservationrace menacéechèvreIndeconservaciónraza amenazadacabraIndia
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Genetic Resources/Resources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales , Volume 55 , December 2014 , pp. 47 - 55
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2014 

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