Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-25wd4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T07:43:02.771Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A GLIMPSE OF THE PEOPLE OF ALTICA: OSTEOLOGICAL AND ISOTOPIC/RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2019

Rebecca Storey ,
Gina M. Buckley Open the ORCID record for Gina M. Buckley [Opens in a new window]  and
Douglas J. Kennett
Rebecca Storey*
Affiliation:
Anthropology Program, University of Houston, 3623 Cullen Boulevard, Room 233, Houston, Texas 77204-5020
Gina M. Buckley
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, 409 Carpenter Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
Douglas J. Kennett
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, 409 Carpenter Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
*
E-mail correspondence to: rstorey@uh.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Altica is a rare first-farming village site in the Basin of Mexico that has survived to modern times. Thus, it provides a glimpse into life during the Early–Middle Formative period. While valuable archaeological information on the village was recovered in excavation, only four burials comprising four individuals were recovered, a very small sample. Two individuals are older-aged females; the third, a middle-aged male, was accompanied by prestigious nonperishable goods and indicates that there are status differences even at this early date. The final individual was a young male buried in a deviant manner, suggesting possible foul play. While all individuals have indicators of periods of poor health, stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen paint a more complete picture of the types of foods these individuals consumed over their lifetime. Radiogenic strontium isotopes of tooth enamel identify one individual, the young male buried in a deviant manner, as non-native to the Altica region. Thus, there is mystery in the manner of death, but even in this small sample, the wider connections Altica had that are so evident in the artefactual analysis are found in the skeletons. In addition, accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating provides a chronology of occupation through the people.

Type
Special Section: Before Teotihuacan—Altica, Exchange, Interactions, and the Origins of Complex Society in the Northeast Basin of Mexico
Information
Ancient Mesoamerica , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , Summer 2019 , pp. 355 - 368
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Åberg, Göran 1995 The Use of Natural Strontium Isotopes as Tracers in Environmental Studies. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 79:309–322.Google Scholar
Alex, Bridge A., Nichols, Deborah L., and Glascock, Michael D. 2012 Complementary Compositional Analysis of Formative Period Ceramics from the Teotihuacan Valley. Archaeometry 54:821–834.Google Scholar
Ambrose, Stanley H., and Krigbaum, John 2003 Bone Chemistry and Bioarchaeology. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 22:193–199.Google Scholar
Ambrose, Stanley H., and Norr, Lynette 1993 Experimental Evidence for the Relationship of the Carbon Isotope Ratios of Whole Diet and Dietary Protein to Those of Bone Collagen and Carbonate. In Prehistoric Human Bone, edited by Lambert, Joseph B. and Grupe, Gisela, pp. 1–37. Springer, Berlin.Google Scholar
Barnes, Ethne 2007 Diseases and Human Evolution. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Bender, Margaret M. 1971 Variations in the 13C/12C Ratios of Plants in Relation to the Pathway of Photosynthetic Carbon Dioxide Fixation. Phytochemistry 10:1239–1244.Google Scholar
Bender, Margaret M., Rouhani, Iraj, Vines, H. M., and Black, Clanton C. 1973 13C/12C Ratio Changes in Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Plants. Plant Physiology 52:427–430.Google Scholar
Bentley, R. Alexander 2006 Strontium Isotopes from the Earth to the Archaeological Skeleton: A Review. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 13:135–187.Google Scholar
Bentley, R. Alexander, Buckley, Hallie R., Spriggs, Matthew, Bedford, Stuart, Ottley, Chris J., Nowell, Geoff M., Macpherson, Colin G., and Pearson, D. Graham 2007 Lapita Migrants in the Pacific's Oldest Cemetery: Isotopic Analysis at Teouma, Vanuatu. American Antiquity 72:645–656.Google Scholar
Blum, Joel D., Hank Taliaferro, E., Weisse, Marie T., and Holmes, Richard T. 2000 Changes in Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca and 87Sr/86Sr Ratios between Trophic Levels in Two Forest Ecosystems in the Northeastern USA. Biogeochemistry 49:87–101.Google Scholar
Bronk Ramsey, Christopher 2017 OxCal Version 4.3.2. Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit. University of Oxford, Oxford.Google Scholar
Brown, Thomas A., Early Nelson, D., Vogel, John S., and Southon, John R. 1988 Improved Collagen Extraction by Modified Longin Method. Radiocarbon 30:171–177.Google Scholar
Buikstra, Jane E., and Ubelaker, Douglas 1994 Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains. Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series, No. 44. Arkansas Archaeological Survey, Fayetteville.Google Scholar
Carballo, David M. 2016 Urbanization and Religion in Ancient Central Mexico. Oxford Studies in the Archaeology of Ancient States. Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Casar, Isabel, Morales, Pedro, Manzanilla, Linda R., Cienfuegos, Edith, and Otero, Francisco 2017 Dietary Differences in Individuals Buried in a Multiethnic Neighborhood in Teotihuacan: Stable Dental Isotopes from Teopancazco. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 9:99–115.Google Scholar
Culleton, Brendan J., Prufer, Keith M., and Kennett, Douglas J. 2012 A Bayesian AMS 14C Chronology of the Classic Maya Center of Uxbenká, Belize. Journal of Archaeological Science 39:1572–1586.Google Scholar
DeNiro, Michael J. 1985 Postmortem Preservation and Alteration of in vivo Bone Collagen Isotope Ratios in Relation to Paleodietary Reconstruction. Nature 317:806–809.Google Scholar
DeNiro, Michael J., and Schoeninger, Margaret J. 1983 Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios of Bone Collagen: Variations within Individuals, between Sexes, and within Populations Raised on Monotonous Diets. Journal of Archaeological Science 10:199–203.Google Scholar
DeNiro, Michael J., and Epstein, Samuel 1978 Influence of Diet on the Distribution of Carbon Isotopes in Animals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 42:495–506.Google Scholar
DeNiro, Michael J., and Epstein, Samuel 1981 Influence of Diet on the Distribution of Nitrogen Isotopes in Animals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 45:341–351.Google Scholar
Dudás, Francis Ö., LeBlanc, S. A., Carter, Sidney W., and Bowring, Samuel A. 2016 Pb and Sr Concentrations and Isotopic Compositions in Prehistoric North American Teeth: A Methodological Study. Chemical Geology 429:21–32.Google Scholar
Ebert, Claire E., Culleton, Brendan J., Awe, Jaime J., and Kennett, Douglas J. 2016 AMS 14C Dating of Preclassic to Classic Period Household Construction in the Ancient Maya Community of Cahal Pech, Belize. Radiocarbon 58:69–87.Google Scholar
Ericson, Jonathon E. 1985 Strontium Isotope Characterization in the Study of Prehistoric Human Ecology. Journal of Human Evolution 14:503–514.Google Scholar
Faure, Gunter 1986 Principles of Isotope Geology. John Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Finlay, Jacques C., and Kendall, Carol 2007 Stable Isotope Tracing of Temporal and Spatial Variability in Organic Matter Sources to Freshwater Ecosystems. Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science 2:283–333.Google Scholar
Ford, James A. 1969 A Comparison of Formative Cultures in the Americas: Diffusion or the Psychic Unity of Man. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
France, R. L. 1995 Source Variability in δ15N of Autotrophs as a Potential Aid in Measuring Allochthony in Freshwaters. Ecography 18:318–320.Google Scholar
Graustein, William C. 1989 87Sr/86Sr Ratios Measure the Sources and Flow of Strontium in Terrestrial Ecosystems. In Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research, edited by Rundel, Philip, Ehleringer, J.R., and Nagy, K.A., pp. 491–512. Springer, New York.Google Scholar
Grove, David C. 1987 Ancient Chalcatzingo: Excavations on the Olmec Frontier. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Hanna, Jonathan A., Graham, Elizabeth, Pendergast, David M., Hoggarth, Julie A., Lentz, David L., and Kennett, Douglas J. 2016 A New Radiocarbon Sequence from Lamanai, Belize: Two Bayesian Models from One of Mesoamerica's Most Enduring Sites. Radiocarbon 58:771–794.Google Scholar
Healan, Dan M. 2019 Altica's Obsidian Industries and Their Place in Early–Middle Formative Obsidian Exploitation in Central Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 30:279–294.Google Scholar
Hedges, Robert E.M., and Reynard, Linda M. 2007 Nitrogen Isotopes and the Trophic Level of Humans in Archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Science 34:1240–1251.Google Scholar
Hedges, Robert E.M, Stevens, Rhiannon E., Koch, Paul L. 2006 Isotopes in Bones and Teeth. In Isotopes in Paleoenviromental Research, edited by Leng, Melanie J., pp. 117–145. Springer-Verlag, Dordrecht.Google Scholar
Hillson, Simon 2005 Teeth. Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology Series. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hirth, Kenneth 2009 Craft Production in a Central Mexican Marketplace. Ancient Mesoamerica 20:89–102.Google Scholar
Hodell, David A., Quinn, Rhonda L., Brenner, Mark, and Kamenov, George 2004 Spatial Variation of Strontium Isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) in the Maya Region: A Tool for Tracking Ancient Human Migration. Journal of Archaeological Science 31:585–601.Google Scholar
Hoggarth, Julie A., Culleton, Brendan J., Awe, Jaime J., and Kennett, Douglas J. 2014 Questioning Postclassic Continuity at Baking Pot, Belize, Using Direct AMS 14C Dating of Human Burials. Radiocarbon 56:1057–1075.Google Scholar
Joyce, Rosemary A. 2001 Burying the Dead at Tlatilco: Social Memory and Social Identities. In Social Memory, Identity, and Death: Anthropological Perspectives on Mortuary Rituals, edited by Chesson, Meredith S., pp. 12–26. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, Vol. 10. American Anthropological Association, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Jurmain, Robert 1999 Stories from the Skeleton: Behavioral Reconstruction in Human Osteology. Gordon and Beach Publishers, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Kennett, Douglas J., Culleton, Brendan J., Voorhies, Barbara, and Southon, John R. 2011 Bayesian Analysis of High-Precision AMS 14C Dates from a Prehistoric Mexican Shellmound. Radiocarbon 53:245–259.Google Scholar
Kennett, Douglas J., Culleton, Brendan J., Dexter, Jamie, Mensing, Scott A., Thomas, David Hurst 2014 High-Precision AMS 14C Chronology for Gatecliff Shelter, Nevada. Journal of Archaeological Science 52:621–632.Google Scholar
Kennett, Douglas J., Thakar, Heather B., VanDerwarker, Amber M., Webster, David L., Culleton, Brendan J., Harper, Thomas K., Kistler, Logan, Scheffler, Timothy E., and Hirth, Kenneth 2017a High-Precision Chronology for Central American Maize Diversification from El Gigante Rockshelter, Honduras. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114:9026–9031 .Google Scholar
Kennett, Douglas J., Plog, Stephen, George, Richard J., Culleton, Brendan J., Watson, Adam S., Skoglund, Pontus, Rohland, Nadin, Mallick, Swapan, Stewardson, Kristin, Kistler, Logan, LeBlanc, Steven A., Whtieley, Peter M., Reich, David, and Perry, George H. 2017b Archaeogenomic Evidence Reveals Prehistoric Matrilineal Dynasty. Nature Communications 8:14115 .Google Scholar
Knudson, Kelly J., Douglas Price, T., Buikstra, Jane E., and Blom, Deborah E. 2004 The Use of Strontium Isotope Analysis to Investigate Tiwanaku Migration and Mortuary Ritual in Bolivia and Peru. Archaeometry 46:5–18.Google Scholar
Larsen, Clark Spencer 2015 Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior from the Human Skeleton. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Lohse, Jon C., Madsen, David B., Culleton, Brendan J., and Kennett, Douglas J. 2014 Isotope Paleoecology of Episodic Mid-to-Late Holocene Bison Population Expansions in the Southern Plains, USA. Quaternary Science Reviews 102:14–26.Google Scholar
Longinelli, Antonio 1984 Oxygen Isotopes in Mammal Bone Phosphate: A New Tool for Paleohydrological and Paleoclimatological Research? Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 48:385–390.Google Scholar
López Austin, Alfredo 1993 The Myth of the Opossum: Pathways of Mesoamerican Mythology. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Lounejeva Baturina, Elena, Puente, Pedro Morales, Cabadas Báez, Hector V., Alvarado, Edith Cienfuegos, Sedov, Sergey, Gómez, Ernestina Vallejo, and Rebolledo, Elizabeth Solleiro 2006 Late Pleistocene to Holocene Environmental Changes from δ13C Determinations in Soils at Teotihuacan, Mexico. Geofísica Internacional 45:85–98.Google Scholar
Makarewicz, Cheryl A., and Sealy, Judith 2015 Dietary Reconstruction, Mobility, and the Analysis of Ancient Skeletal Tissues: Expanding the Prospects of Stable Isotope Research in Archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Science 56:146–158.Google Scholar
Márquez Morfin, Lourdes, and Storey, Rebecca 2007 From Early Village to Regional Center in Mesoamerica: An Investigation of Lifestyles and Health. In Ancient Health: Skeletal Indicators of Agricultural and Economic Intensification, edited by Cohen, Mark N. and Crane-Kramer, Gillian, pp. 80–91. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Márquez Morfin, Lourdes, McCaa, Robert, Storey, Rebecca, and del Angel, Andrés 2002 Health and Nutrition in Pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica. In The Backbone of History: Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere, edited by Richard H, Steckel and Rose, Jerome, pp. 307–338. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Marsteller, Sara J., Knudson, Kelly J., Gordon, Gwyneth, and Anbar, Ariel 2017 Biogeochemical Reconstructions of Life Histories as a Method to Assess Regional Interactions: Stable Oxygen and Radiogenic Strontium Isotopes and Late Intermediate Period Mobility on the Central Peruvian Coast. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 13:535–546.Google Scholar
McClung de Tapia, Emily, Acosta-Ochoa, Guillermo, Martínez-Yrizar, Diana, Adriano-Morán, Carmen, Cruz-Palma, Jorge, and Chaparro-Rueda, Berenice 2019 Early–Middle Formative Period Subsistence in the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico: Pre-Hispanic Plant Remains from Altica. Ancient Mesoamerica 30:339–354.Google Scholar
McClung de Tapia, Emily, Serra Puche, Mari Carmen, and Limón de Dyer, Amie Ellen 1986 Formative Lacustrine Adaptation: Botanical Remains from Terremote-Tlaltenco, México. Journal of Field Archaeology 13:99–113.Google Scholar
Milligan, Heather E., Pretzlaw, Troy D., and Humphries, Murray M. 2010 Stable Isotope Differentiation of Freshwater and Terrestrial Vascular Plants in Two Subarctic Regions. Ecoscience 17:265–275.Google Scholar
Morales Puente, Pedro, Alvarado, Edith Cienfuegos, Manzanilla, Linda R., and Otero, Francisco J. 2012 Estudio de la paleodieta empleando isótopos estables de los elementos carbono, oxígeno y nitrógeno en restos humanos y fauna encontrados en el barrio Teotihuacano de Teopancazco, Teotihuacan. In Estudios arqueométricos del centro de barrio de Teopancazco en Teotihuacan, edited by Manzanilla, Linda, pp. 347–422. Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Coordinación de Humanidades, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Nado, Kristin L., Zolotova, Natalya, and Knudson, Kelly J. 2017 Paleodietary Analysis of the Sacrificial Victims from the Feathered Serpent Pyramid, Teotihuacan. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 9:117–132.Google Scholar
Nichols, Deborah L. 2015 Intensive Agriculture and Early Complex Societies of the Basin of Mexico: The Formative Period. Ancient Mesoamerica 26:407–421.Google Scholar
Nichols, Deborah L., and Stoner, Wesley D. 2019 Before Teotihuacan: Altica, Exchange, Interactions, and the Origins of Complex Society in the Northeast Basin of Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 30:369–382.Google Scholar
Niederberger, Christine 1976 Zohapilco: Cinco milenios de ocupación humana en un sitio lacustre de le Cuenca de México. Colección Científica, Arqueología. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Niederberger, Christine 1979 Early Sedentary Economy in the Basin of Mexico. Science 203:131–142.Google Scholar
Niederberger, Christine 2000 Ranked Societies, Iconographic Complexity, and Economic Wealth in the Basin of Mexico toward 1200 B.C. In Olmec Art and Archaeology in Mesoamerica, edited by Clark, John E. and Pye, Mary E., pp. 169–192. Yale University Press, New Haven.Google Scholar
O'Leary, Marion H. 1988 Carbon Isotopes in Photosynthesis. Bioscience 38:328–336.Google Scholar
Paillés H., Maricruz 2008 Las Bocas, Puebla: Una aldea preclásica en el Altiplano Central de México. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Secretaria de Cultura del Estado de Puebla, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Plunket, Patricia, and Uruñuela, Gabriela 2006 Social and Cultural Consequences of a Late Holocene Eruption of Popocatépetl in Central Mexico. Quaternary International 151:19–28.Google Scholar
Price, T. Douglas, Burton, James H., Fullagar, Paul D., Wright, Lori E., Buikstra, Jane E., and Tiesler, Vera 2008 Strontium Isotopes and the Study of Human Mobility in Ancient Mesoamerica. Latin American Antiquity 19:167–180.Google Scholar
Price, T. Douglas, Manzanilla, Linda, and Middleton, William D. 2000 Immigration and the Ancient City of Teotihuacan in Mexico: A Study using Strontium Isotope Ratios in Human Bone and Teeth. Journal of Archaeological Science 27:903–913.Google Scholar
Price, T. Douglas, Tiesler, Vera, and Burton, James H.. 2006 Early African Diaspora in Colonial Campeche, Mexico: Strontium Isotopic Evidence. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 130:485–490.Google Scholar
Reimer, Paula J., Bard, Edouard, Bayliss, Alex, Warren Buck, J., Blackwell, Paul G., Ramsey, Christopher Bronk, Buck, Caitlin E., Cheng, Hai, Lawrence Edwards, R., Friedrich, Michael, Grootes, Pieter M., Guilderson, Thomas P., Haflidason, Haflidi, Hajdas, Irka, Hatté, Christine, Heaton, Timothy J., Hoffmann, Dirk L., Hogg, Alan G., Hughen, Konrad A, Felix Kaiser, K., Kromer, Bernd, Manning, Sturt W., Niu, Mu, Reimer, Ron W., Richards, David A., Marian Scott, E, Southon, John R., Staff, Richard A., Turney, Christian S. M., and van der Plicht, Johannes 2013 IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP. Radiocarbon 55:1869–1887.Google Scholar
Rosenswig, Robert M., VanDerwarker, Amber M., Culleton, Brendan J., and Kennett, Douglas J. 2015 Is it Agriculture Yet? Intensified Maize-Use at 1000 cal BC in the Soconusco and Mesoamerica. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 40:89–108.Google Scholar
Sanders, William T., Parsons, Jeffrey R., and Santley, Robert S. 1979 The Basin of Mexico: Ecological Processes in the Evolution of a Civilization. Academic Press, New YorkGoogle Scholar
Santos, G.M., Southon, J.R., Druffel-Rodriguez, K.C., Griffin, S., and Mazon, M. 2004 Magnesium Perchlorate as an Alternative Water Trap in AMS Graphite Sample Preparation: A Report on Sample Preparation at KCCAMS at the University of California, Irvine. Radiocarbon 46:165–174.Google Scholar
Schoeninger, Margaret J., and DeNiro, Michael J. 1984 Nitrogen and Carbon Isotopic Composition of Bone Collagen from Marine and Terrestrial Animals. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta 48:625–639.Google Scholar
Schroeder, Hannes, O'Connell, Tamsin C., Evans, Jane A., Shuler, Kristrina A., and Hedges, Robert E.M. 2009 Trans-Atlantic Slavery: Isotopic Evidence for Forced Migration to Barbados. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 139:547–557.Google Scholar
Sealy, Judith C., van der Merwe, Nikolaas J., Sillen, Andrew, Johan Kruger, F., and Krueger, Harold W. 1991 87Sr/86Sr as a Dietary Indicator in Modern and Archaeological Bone. Journal of Archaeological Science 18:399–416.Google Scholar
Serra Puche, Mari Carmen 1988 Los recursos lacustres de al Cuenca de México durante el Formativo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Slovak, Nicole M., and Paytan, Adina 2012 Applications of Sr Isotopes in Archaeology. In Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry, edited by Baskaran, Mark, pp. 743–768. Springer, Heidelberg.Google Scholar
Solís Pichardo, Gabriela, Schaaf, Peter, Treviño, Teodoro Hernándex, Lailson, Becket, Manzanilla, Linda R., and Horn, Peter 2017 Migrants in Teopancazco: Evidence from Strontium Isotopic Studies. In Multiethnicity and Migration at Teopancazco: Investigations of a Teotihuacan Neighborhood Center, edited by Manzanilla, Linda, pp. 143–163. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Stafford, Thomas W., Brendel, Klaus, and Duhamel, Raymond C. 1988 Radiocarbon, 13C and 15N Analysis of Fossil Bone: Removal of Humates with XAD-2 Resin. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52:2257–2267.Google Scholar
Stafford, Thomas W., Edgar Hare, P., Currie, Lloyd, Timothy Jull, A.J., and Donahue, Douglas J. 1991 Accelerator Radiocarbon Dating at the Molecular Level. Journal of Archaeological Science 18:35–72.Google Scholar
Stoner, Wesley D., and Nichols, Deborah L. 2019a Pottery Trade and the Formation of Early and Middle Formative Style Horizons As Seen from Central Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 30:311–337.Google Scholar
Stoner, Wesley D., and Nichols, Deborah L. 2019b The Altica Project: Reframing the Formative Basin of Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 30:247–265.Google Scholar
Stoner, Wesley D., Nichols, Deborah L., Alex, Bridget A., Crider, Destiny L. 2015 The Emergence of Early–Middle Formative Exchange Patterns in Mesoamerica: A View from Altica in the Teotihuacan Valley. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 39:19–35.Google Scholar
Storey, Rebecca, Buckley, Gina M., and Kennett, Douglas J. 2019 Residential Burial Along the Southern Street of the Dead: Skeletons and Isotopes. Ancient Mesoamerica 30:147–161.Google Scholar
Stuiver, Minze, and Polach, Henry A. 1977 Discussion Reporting of 14C Data. Radiocarbon 19:355–363.Google Scholar
Tolstoy, Paul 1989 Coapexco and Tlatilco: Sites with Olmec Materials in the Basin of Mexico. In Regional Perspectives on the Olmec, edited by Sharer, Robert J. and Grove, David C., pp. 85–121. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Tolstoy, Paul, Fish, Suzanna K., Boksenbaum, Martin W., Vaughn, Kathryn Blair, and Earle Smith, C. 1977 Early Sedentary Communities of the Basin of Mexico. Journal of Field Archaeology 4:91–106.Google Scholar
Torres-Alvarado, Ignacio S., Verma, Surendra P., and Carrasco-Nuñez, Gerardo 2000 Compilation of Radiogenic Isotope Data in Mexico and their Petrogenetic Implications. Journal of Earth System Science 109:67–78.Google Scholar
Vaillant, George C. 1931 Excavations at Ticoman. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. 32. American Museum of Natural History, New York.Google Scholar
van Klinken, Gert J. 1999 Bone Collagen Quality Indicators for Paleodietary and Radiocarbon Measurements. Journal of Archaeological Science 26:687–695.Google Scholar
Walker, Philip L., Bathurst, Rhonda R., Richman, Rebecca, Gjerdrum, Thor, and Andrushko, Valerie A. 2009 The Causes of Porotic Hyperostosis and Cribra Orbitalia: A Reappraisal of the Iron-Deficiency-Anemia Hypothesis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 139:109–125.Google Scholar
Warinner, Christine 2010 Life and Death at Teposcolula Yucundaa: Mortuary, Archaeogenetic, and Isotopic Investigations of the Early Colonial Period in Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Watson, Adam S., Plog, Stephen, Culleton, Brendan J., Gilman, Patricia A., LeBlanc, Steven A., Whiteley, Peter M., Claramunt, Santiago, and Kennett, Douglas J. 2015 Early Procurement of Scarlet Macaws and the Emergence of Social Complexity in Chaco Canyon, NM. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112:8238–8243.Google Scholar
Weston, Darlene A. 2008 Investigating the Specificity of Periosteal Reactions in Pathology Museum Collections. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 137:48–59.Google Scholar
White, Christine D., Healy, Paul F., and Schwarcz, Henry P. 1993 Intensive Agriculture, Social Status, and Maya Diet at Pacbitun, Belize. Journal of Anthropological Research 49:347–375.Google Scholar
White, Christine D., Storey, Rebecca, Longstaffe, Fred J., and Spence, Michael W. 2004 Immigration, Assimilation, and Status in the Ancient City of Teotihuacan: Stable Isotopic Evidence from Tlajinga 33. Latin American Antiquity 15:176–198.Google Scholar
Widmer, Randolph J., and Storey, Rebecca 2017 Skeletal Health and Patterns of Animal Food Consumption at S3W1:33 (Tlajinga 33), Teotihuacan. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 9:51–60.Google Scholar
Wright, Lori E. 2005 Identifying Immigrants to Tikal, Guatemala: Defining Local Variability in Strontium Isotope Ratios of Human Tooth Enamel. Journal of Archaeological Science 32:555–566.Google Scholar
Zanden, M. Jake Vander, and Rasmussen, Joseph B. 2001 Variation in δ15N and δ13C Trophic Fractionation: Implications for Aquatic Food Web Studies. Limnology and Oceanography 46:2061–2066.Google Scholar