In 1973 the Mendel Institute, within the specialized services it offers to Italian twins, instituted psychopedagogic counseling for twins and their families. This service is carried out in the intermediate field between neuropsychiatry and social work. Cases involving family and social maladjustment were referring for counseling. During the academic year 1973-1974, the service examined 96 cases, of which 58 involved problems of school retardation and 38 involved family maladjustment because of changed parent-twin relationships. The counseling service aimed at achieving improved family and school relationships by means of various therapeutic interventions. The psychopedagogic counseling, besides the immediate therapy, has permitted deeper study of maladjustment by means of analyses of the twins' condition as a possible additional cause of the maladjustment itself. Analysis of the cases in this limited sample would seem to indicate an indirect incidence of the twin situation per se (couple effect), somewhat emphasized by the family and social environment.