1 Proclamation No. 2667, 3 C.F.R. 67 (1943–1948). See 13 Dep’t St. Bull. 485 (1945). For discussion, see Bingham, , The Continental Shelf and the Marginal Belt, 40 AJIL 173 (1946)Google Scholar; Juda, L., Ocean Space Rights: Developing U.S. Policy, chs. 2–3 (1975)Google Scholar; Hollick, , U.S. Oceans Policy: The Truman Proclamation, 17 Va. J. Int’l L. 23 (1976)Google Scholar; and Watt, , First Steps in the Enclosure of the Oceans: The Origins of Truman’s Proclamation on the Resources of the Continental Shelf, 3 Marine Pol’y 211 (1979)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

2 See 1951 ILC Draft, in UN Doc. A/1858, reprinted in 45 AJIL Supp. 103, 139–46 (1951); 1953 ILC Draft, in UN Doc. A/2456, reprinted in 48 AJIL Supp. 1, 27–38 (1954); and 1956 ILC Draft, in UN Doc. A/3159, [1956] 2 Y.B. Int’l Law Comm’n 264, 295–300.

3 See generally Chiu, , Chinese Attitude toward Continental Shelf and Its Implication on Delimiting Seabed in Southeast Asia, Occasional Papers/Reprints in Contemporary Asian Studies, No. 1 (1977)Google Scholar; Chiu, , South China Sea Islands: Implications for Delimiting the Seabed and Future Shipping Routes, 72 China Q. 742 (1978)Google Scholar; Chiu, , Some Problems Concerning the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between the Republic of China and the Philippines, 3 Chinese Y.B. Int’l L. & Aff. 1 (1983)Google Scholar; Harrison, S., China, Oil and Asia: Conflicts Ahead? (1977)Google Scholar; Okuhara, , Territorial Sovereignty over the Senkaku Islands and Problems on the Surrounding Continental Shelf, 15 Japanese Ann. Int’l L. 97 (1971)Google Scholar; and relevant sections of Ma, Y.J., Legal Problems of Seabed Boundary Delimitation in the East China Sea (1984)Google Scholar; and Park, C. H., East Asia and the Law of the Sea (1984)Google Scholar.

4 See note 3 supra; see also Allen & Mitchell, , The Legal Status of the Continental Shelf of East China Sea, 51 Or. L. Rev. 789 (1972)Google Scholar; Chao, , East China Sea: Boundary Problems Relating to the Tiao-yu-t’ai Islands, 2 Chinese Y.B. Int’l L. & Aff. 1 (1982)Google Scholar; Cheng, , The Sino-Japanese Dispute over the Tiao-yu-t’ai (Senkaku) Islands and the Law of Territorial Acquisition, 14 Va. J. Int’l L. 221 (1974)Google Scholar; Ma, , The East Asian Seabed Controversy Revisited: Relevance (Or Irrelevance) of the Tiao-yut’ai (Senkaku) Islands Territorial Dispute, 2 Chinese Y.B. Int’l L. & Aff. 45 (1982)Google Scholar; Note, The East China Sea, 1973 Duke L.J. 823; Note, The ‘Distance Plus Joint Development Zone’ Formula: A Proposal for the Speedy and Practical Resolution of the East China and Yellow Seas Continental Shelf Oil Controversy, 7 Cornell Int’l L.J. 49 (1973); and Oda, , The Delimitation of the Continental Shelf in Southeast Asia and the Far East, 1 Ocean Mgmt. 327 (1973)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

5 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, UN Doc. A/CONF.62/122, reprinted in 21 ILM 1261 (1982).

6 The 24th Session of the Standing Committee of the 5th National People’s Congress promulgated the law on August 23, 1982, and it came into effect on March 1, 1983. The Chinese and English texts are in Collection of Laws and Regulations of China Concerning Foreign Economic and Trade Relations—Zhongguo Duiwai Jingji Maovi Fagui Huibian XI:83 (1983). For commentary, see Silk, , China’s Marine Environmental Protection Law: The Dragon Creeping in Murky Waters, 11 Rev. Socialist L. 249 (1985)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Yang, J., et al., Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Haiyang Huanjing Baohu Fa Qianshuo (Talks on the Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China) (1983)Google Scholar.

7 The first two sets are the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention of Marine Pollution from Vessels and the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Marine Environmental Protection from Oil Prospecting and Exploitation. They were promulgated by the State Council on December 12, 1983. The Chinese texts are in 1 Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Guowuyuan Gongbao (Gazette of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China) (hereinafter cited as GGB) 6 (1984). The State Council more recently, on March 6, 1985, promulgated the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on the Control of Marine Dumping. The Chinese text is in 9 GGB 222 (1985). The English texts are in Ross, L. & Silk, M., Environmental Law and Policy in China (1986)Google Scholar.

8 Prior to the publication of this book, discussion was limited to articles and sections of books on public international law. See, e.g., Lai, Pengchang, A Brief Introduction to the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, Faxue (Jurisprudence), No. 4, 1983, at 34 Google Scholar; The Law of the Sea Conference after Nine Hard Years Decides to Pass the Convention on the Law of the Sea, Renmin Ribao (People’s Daily), May 4, 1982, at 7; Lian, Chuncheng, Principles for the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf, Zhongguo Guoji Fa Niankan (Chinese Yearbook of International Law) 182 (1983)Google Scholar; Lin, Xin, Criminal furisdiction in the Law of the Sea, id. at 208 Google Scholar; Lu, Shengzu, Problems Concerning the Law of the Sea, Faxue Yanjiu (Studies in Law), No. 1, 1981, at 41 Google Scholar; Shen, Weiliang & Xu, Guangjian, Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea and the Convention on the Law of the Sea, Zhongguo Guoji Fa Niankan 401 (1983)Google Scholar; Wang, Xinshu, On the Conflict of State Rights in the Enforcement of the Law of the Sea, Faxue Yanjiu, No. 2, 1983, at 69 Google Scholar; Wu, Yuni, Problems Concerning the Continental Shelf and the Law of the Sea, id., No. 1, 1981, at 53 Google Scholar; Zhou, Ziya, New Developments and Their Background in the Law of the Sea, Faxue Zazhi, No. 2, 1982, at 5 Google Scholar; Zhou, Ziya, The Status of the Law of the Sea in International Law, Jilin Daxue Shehui Kexue Xuebao (Jilin University Journal of Social Sciences), No. 1, 1982, at 57 Google Scholar; and relevant sections of Guoji FA (International Law) (Li Haopei trans. 1981); Liu, Fengming, Xiandai Guoji Fa Gangyao (A General Outline of Contemporary International Law) (1982)Google Scholar; Wang, Tieya, Guoji Fa (International Law) (1981)Google Scholar; Aubenhai, Guoji Fa (Oppenheim’s International Law) (Wang, Tieya & Chen, Tiqiang trans. 1981)Google Scholar; Xiandai Guoji, Fa Gailun (An Introduction to Contemporary International Law) (Wang, Xuan, et al., trans. 1981)Google Scholar; Wei, Jiaju & Sheng, Yu, Guoji Fa, Xin Lingyu Jianlun (A General Discussion of the New Realm of International Law) (1984)Google Scholar; Zhou, Gengsheng, Guoji, Fa (International Law) (1981)Google Scholar; Guoji, Gongfa (Public International Law) (Zhou, Ziya ed. 1982)Google Scholar; and Guoji, Fa Jichu (The Basics of International Law) (Zhu, Qiwu, et al., trans. 1982)Google Scholar.

9 See Peking Rev., No. 28, Sept. 9, 1958, at 21.

10 See Chiu, , People’s Republic of China on the Question of the Territorial Sea, 1 Int’l Trade L.J. 29, 50 (1975)Google Scholar. The U.S. State Department has issued a calculated version of what it believes the baseline to be. See Office of the Geographer, U.S. Department of State, International Boundary Study: Limits in the Seas (Ser. A), Straight Baselines: People’s Republic of China, No. 12, July 1972, at 2.