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Gradations of Citizenship and International Reclamations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2017

Abstract

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Type
Editorial Comment
Copyright
Copyright © The American Society of International Law 1939

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References

1 See Preuss, Lawrence, “International Law and Deprivation of Nationality,” Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 23 (Jan., 1935), pp. 250276 Google Scholar.

2 See, for example, Garner, J. W., “Recent German Nationality Legislation,” this Journal, Vol. 30 (1936), pp. 9699 Google Scholar; Ermarth, Fritz, The New Germany (1936), pp. 6870 Google Scholar; Janowsky, Oscar I. and Fagen, Melvin M., in International Aspects of German Racial Policies (1937), especially at pp. 6078 Google Scholar.

3 Aron Kahane successeur c. Francesco Parisi et État autrichien, decided by the Rumano-Austrian tribunal in 1929, Recueil des Décisions des Tribunaux Arbitraux Mixtes, VIII, p. 943. See also Héritiers Fr. Goldwurm c. État allemand, decided by the Rumano-Germán tribunal, ibid., IX, p. 433.

4 The history is dealt with in Rey, Francis, “Un aspeđ particulier de la question des minorités: Les Israélites de Roumanie,” Revue générale de droit international public, XXXII (1925), pp. 133162 Google Scholar, and in other literature referred to in the opinion. See also Gargas, S., “Die Staaten losen.” Bibliotheca Visseriana, VII (1928), at pp. 8093 Google Scholar.

5 Recueil des Décisions des Tribunaux Arbitraux Mixtes, VIII, p. 956 Google Scholar. The tribunal took notice of the fact that “le Tribunal arbitral mixte anglo-autrichien, en s’inspirant de l’esprit du Traité, a admis que les Egyptiens devaient être considérés comme des ressortissants anglais.”

6 Falla-Nataf et frères c. allemand, État, Recueil des Décisions des Tribunaux Arbitraux Mixtes, VII, p. 653 (1928)Google Scholar. There is a discussion of this and other cases in Ralston, Jackson H., in Supplement to The Law and Procedure of International Tribunals (1936), at pp. 6164 Google Scholar.

7 Djevahirdjian, Hrand c. allemand, État, Recueil des Décisions des Tribunaux Arbitraux Mixtes, VII, p. 602 (1927)Google Scholar.

8 Simantov e. Stato Bulgaro, ibid., VIII, p. 686 (1929).

9 See the essay by McGovney, D. O. on “non-citizen nationals” in the United States, in Max Radin and Edd, A. M. (ed.), Legal Essays (1935), pp. 323374 Google Scholar.

10 Cf. the statement by the General Claims Commission, United States and Mexico, in Parker v. Mexico, Docket No. 127, that “. . . the private nature of the claim inheres in it and is not lost or destroyed so as to make it the property of the nation.” Quoted after Ralston, Jackson H., in The Law and Procedure of International Tribunals (1926), p. 138 Google Scholar.

11 Cf. the reported statement of an Assistant Secretary of State, with reference to protection of Isaacs, H. R., an American editor in China: “. . . diplomatic protection is not a vested right incident to citizenship but is granted or withheld in the President’s discretion according to the circumstances of each case.” New York Times, Aug. 4, 1932, p. 5 Google Scholar.

12 Annuaire, Vol. XXXV (1929), Pt. II, p. 298. A record of discussion on the declaration, which did not reveal unanimity of opinion, is in the same volume at pp. 110-138.