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Understanding Turkey Management in the Mimbres Valley of Southwestern New Mexico Using Ancient Mitochondrial DNA and Stable Isotopes
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 October 2022
Abstract
In the US Southwest and Northwest Mexico, people and turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) have had a reciprocal relationship for millennia; turkeys supplied feathers, meat, and other resources, whereas people provided food, shelter, and care. To investigate how turkeys fit within subsistence, economic production, sociopolitical organization, and religious and ritual practice in the Mimbres Valley of southwestern New Mexico, we report on genetic (mtDNA) and stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N) data from turkeys recovered from Mimbres Classic period (AD 1000–1130) sites. Results indicate that Mimbres aviculturists had haplogroup H1 and H2 turkeys, and most ate maize-based diets similar to humans, but some ate nonmaize and mixed diets. We contextualize these data to other turkey studies from the northern Southwest and discuss how the human-turkey relationship began, the evidence for pens and restricting turkey movement, and the socioecological factors related to turkey management during the Classic period, particularly the challenges associated with providing maize to turkeys during times of environmental stress. This study has broad relevance to places where people managed wild, tame, and domestic animals, and we offer new insights into how prehispanic, small-scale, middle-range agricultural societies managed turkeys for ritual and utilitarian purposes.
Resumen
En el suroeste de los Estados Unidos y el noroeste de México, las personas y los pavos (Meleagris gallopavo) han tenido una relación recíproca durante milenios; los pavos proporcionaban plumas, carne y otros recursos, mientras que las personas proporcionaban alimento, refugio y cuidados. Para investigar cómo encajan los pavos en la subsistencia, la producción económica, la organización sociopolítica y la práctica religiosa y ritual en el valle de Mimbres, en el suroeste de Nuevo México, informamos sobre datos genéticos (ADNmt) e isótopos estables (δ13C, δ15N) de pavos recuperados de Mimbres Classic. (1000-1130 dC) sitios. Los resultados indican que los avicultores de Mimbres tenían pavos del haplogrupo H1 y H2, y la mayoría comía dietas a base de maíz similares a las de los humanos, pero algunos comían dietas mixtas y sin maíz. Contextualizamos estos datos con otros estudios de pavos del norte del suroeste y discutimos cómo comenzó la relación humano-pavo, la evidencia de los corrales y la restricción del movimiento de los pavos, y los factores socioecológicos relacionados con el manejo de los pavos durante el período Clásico, particularmente los desafíos asociados con la provisión de pavos. maíz a los pavos durante épocas de estrés ambiental. Este estudio tiene una amplia relevancia para los lugares donde las personas manejaban animales salvajes, domesticados y domésticos, y ofrecemos nuevos conocimientos sobre cómo las sociedades agrícolas prehispánicas, de pequeña escala y de rango medio manejaban pavos con fines rituales y utilitarios.
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References
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