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Hierarchy, Communalism, and the Spatial Order of Northwest Coast Plank Houses: A Comparative Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Gary Coupland ,
Terence Clark  and
Amanda Palmer
Gary Coupland
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S2 Canada (coupland@chass.utoronto.ca) (terence.clark@utoronto.ca) (manda.palmer@utoronto.ca)
Terence Clark
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S2 Canada (coupland@chass.utoronto.ca) (terence.clark@utoronto.ca) (manda.palmer@utoronto.ca)
Amanda Palmer
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S2 Canada (coupland@chass.utoronto.ca) (terence.clark@utoronto.ca) (manda.palmer@utoronto.ca)
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Abstract

The tension between hierarchy and communalism is a prominent feature of social life in transegalitarian societies. How are hierarchy and communalism combined in these societies? How are they materialized in everyday life? In this paper, we examine the relationship between hierarchy and communalism in the transegalitarian societies of the Northwest Coast of North America. We focus on households, the primary socioeconomic units of the culture area, and on the plank houses that contained them. Despite the apparent contradiction between hierarchy and communalism, we find that in Northwest Coast households with highly developed social hierarchies, communal practices remained deeply entrenched, while in households with weaker hierarchies, communalism was less developed. The relative importance of hierarchy and communalism in daily household life was clearly materialized in the spatial order of plank houses. By simultaneously objectifying both principles, the house may have played an important role in easing the tension between them.

Résumé

Résumé

La tensión entre jerarquía y comunalismo es un rasgo prominente en la vida social de las sociedades trans-igualitarias. ¿Cómo se combina la jerarquía y el comunalismo en estas sociedades? ¿Cómo se materializan en la vida cotidiana? En este trabajo, examinamos la relación entre jerarquía y comunalismo dentro de las sociedades trans-igualitarias de la costa noroeste de Norte América. Nos focalizamos en las tenencias familiares, en tanto unidades socio-económicas primarias de la cultura local, y en las estructuras residenciales que las contenían. Aún cuando existe una aparente contradicción entre jerarquía y comunalismo, encontramos que en la costa noroeste, donde existen tenencias familiares con jerarquías sociales altamente desarrolladas, las prácticas comunales se mantuvieron profundamente establecidas, mientras que en tenencias familiares con jerarquías má débiles, el comunalismo fue menos desarrollado. La importancia relativa de jerarquía y communalismo en la vida cotidiana de las tenencias familiares se materializaba claramente en el orden espacial de las estructuras residenciales. Al objetivizar simultaneamente estos principios, la estructura residencial habría jugado un rol importante regulando la tensión entre ambos.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 74 , Issue 1 , January 2009 , pp. 77 - 106
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2009

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