Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T20:48:26.301Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

It's a family affair: consumer advocacy for nursing-home residents in the United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2008

CHARLES D. PHILLIPS*
Affiliation:
School of Rural Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
ANNE-MARIE KIMBELL
Affiliation:
School of Rural Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
CATHERINE HAWES
Affiliation:
School of Rural Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
JANET WELLS
Affiliation:
National Citizens' Coalition for Nursing Home Reform, Washington DC, USA.
JEAN BADALAMENTI
Affiliation:
National Citizens' Coalition for Nursing Home Reform, Washington DC, USA.
MARY JANE KOREN
Affiliation:
The Commonwealth Fund, New York, USA.
*
Address for correspondence: School of Rural Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, 1266 Texas and AM University, College Station, TX 77843-1266, USA. E-mail: phillipscd@srph.tamhsc.edu

Abstract

Nursing homes in the United States have for over 40-years been riddled with evidence of poor performance. To combat problems in this industry, state and federal governments developed an elaborate monitoring and regulatory structure. At the same time, an important citizens' movement involving nursing-home consumer advocacy groups (CAGs) came to life. This paper presents the results of a postal survey of 47 active nursing-home consumer advocacy groups. They indicate that the majority of these organisations were started by an individual dissatisfied with the care provided to a family member. The political arena in which these organisations were most active was State legislatures. Though they varied considerably, the average CAG operated on a thin financial margin, largely supported by member contributions and donations. These organisations defined their success in terms of their ability to generate policy changes at the State level. Unfortunately, as they pursued these changes, they often failed to develop the organisational infrastructure necessary to assure the CAGs' continued operation. When CAGs ceased operations, it was in most cases the loss of the organisation's original leader or the cumulative effects of the constant struggle to maintain adequate financial resources.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andrews, K. T. and Edwards, B. 2004. Advocacy organizations in the U.S. political process. Annual Review of Sociology, 30, 479506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arkansas Legislative Joint Performance Review Committee (ALJPRC) 1978. Nursing Home Study – 1978: Evaluation of State Regulation of the Nursing Home Industry. ALJPRC, Little Rock, Arkansas.Google Scholar
Berkowitz, L. and Daniels, L. R. 1963. Responsibility and dependency. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 429–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowlby, J. 1988. A Secure Base: Parent-Child Development and Healthy Human Development. Basic Books, New York.Google Scholar
Colorado Attorney General's Office (CAGO) 1977. Report of the Attorney General Concerning the Regulation of the Nursing Home Industry in the State of Colorado. CAGO, Denver, Colorado.Google Scholar
Doty, P. and Sullivan, E. W. 1983. Community involvement in combating abuse, neglect, and maltreatment in nursing homes. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly: Health and Society, 61, 2.Google Scholar
Douglass, R. L., Hickey, T. and Noel, C. 1980. A Study of Maltreatment of the Elderly and Other Vulnerable Adults. Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Google Scholar
Estes, C. L., Zulman, D. M., Goldberg, S. C. and Ogawa, D. D. 2004. State long-term care ombudsman programs: factors associated with perceived effectiveness. The Gerontologist, 44, 1, 104–15.Google Scholar
Freeman, J., Carroll, G. R. and Hannan, M. T. 1983. The liability of newness: age dependency and organisational death rates. American Sociological Review, 48, 692710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Governor's Blue Ribbon Nursing Home Commission 1980. Report of the Blue Ribbon Committee to Investigate the Nursing Home Industry in Connecticut. Governor of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut.Google Scholar
Gouldner, A. W. 1960. The norm of reciprocity: a preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161–78.Google Scholar
Harris-Wehling, J., Feasley, J. C. and Estes, C. L. 1995. Real People Real Problems: An Evaluation of the Long-term Care Ombudsmen Programs of the Older Americans Act. National Academy Press, Washington DC.Google Scholar
Hawes, C., Vladeck, B. C., Morris, J. N., Phillips, C. D. and Fredeking, H. 2003. The RAI and the Politics of Long-term Care: The Convergence of Science and Politics in US Nursing Home Policy. Milbank Fund, New York. Available online at http://www.milbank.org/reports/interRAI/020222interRAI.html [Accessed December 16, 2006].Google Scholar
Illinois Legislative Investigating Commission 1984. Regulation and Funding of Illinois Nursing Homes. Illinois State Government, Springfield, Illinois.Google Scholar
Jacobs, R. H. 1969. One-way street: an intimate view of adjustment to a home for the aged. The Gerontologist, 9, 268–75.Google Scholar
Kayser-Jones, J. 1981. Old, Alone, and Neglected: Care of the Aged in Scotland and the United States. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, G. T. and Lerner, M. J. 1974. Deserving the ‘personal contract’ and altruistic behavior by children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 551–6.Google Scholar
Maryland Commission on Nursing Homes 1973. Report of the Governor's Commission on Nursing Homes. Maryland State Government, Annapolis, Maryland.Google Scholar
Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Gillath, O. and Nitzberg, R. A. 2005. Attachment, caregiving, and altruism: boosting attachment security increases compassion and helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 817–39.Google Scholar
Minnesota House and Senate Select Committees on Aging 1976. Final Report: Nursing Home Study. Minnesota State Government, Minneapolis, Minnesota.Google Scholar
Monk, A., Kaye, L. W. and Litwin, H. 1984. Resolving Grievances in the Nursing Home: A Study of the Ombudsmen Program. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
New Jersey State Nursing Home Study Committee 1978. New Jersey Report on Long-term Care. New Jersey State Government, Trenton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
New York State Moreland Act Commission 1975. Regulating Nursing Home Care: The Paper Tigers. New York State Government, Albany, New York.Google Scholar
Nownes, A. and Neeley, G. 1996. Toward an explanation of public interest group formation and proliferation. Policy Studies Journal, 24, 7492.Google Scholar
Ohio General Assembly Nursing Home Commission 1978. A Program in Crisis: An Interim Report. Ohio State Government, Columbus, Ohio.Google Scholar
Persson, D. 2002. The ombudsman program: an overview of the history, purposes, and role of ombudsmen in long-term care. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 3, 270–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pillemer, K. and Moore, D. W. 1989. Abuse of patients in nursing homes: findings from a survey of staff. The Gerontologist, 29, 314–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phillips, C. D., Hawes, C. and Leyk Williams, G. 2003. Nursing Homes in Rural and Urban Areas, 2000. Texas A and M University System Health Science Center, School of Rural Health, Southwest Rural Health Research Center, College Station, Texas.Google Scholar
Phillips, C. D., Hawes, C. and Leyk Williams, G. 2004. Nursing Home Residents in Rural and Urban Areas, 2001. Texas A and M University System Health Science Center, School of Rural Health, Southwest Rural Health Research Center, College Station, Texas.Google Scholar
Phillips, C., Wildfire, J., Lux, L. and Hawes, C. 1994. Long-term Care Ombudsman Activities in Board and Care Facilities. Background paper prepared for the Institute of Medicine Panel on Long-Term Care Ombudsmen. RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.Google Scholar
Staggenborg, S. 1986. Coalition work in the pro-choice movement: organisational and environmental opportunities and obstacles. Social Problems, 33, 374–90.Google Scholar
Stannard, C. 1973. Old folks and dirty work: the social conditions for patient abuse in a nursing home. Social Problems, 20, 329–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staub, E. 1978. Positive Social Behavior and Morality. Volume 1, Academic, New York.Google Scholar
Texas Nursing Home Task Force 1978. Report on Nursing Homes to John L. Hill, Attorney General. Texas State Government, Austin, Texas.Google Scholar
United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare 1958. Report on National Conference on Nursing Homes and Homes for the Aged. Publication 625, US Public Health Service, Government Printing Office, Washington DC.Google Scholar
United States House of Representatives, Select Committee on Aging 1985. America's Elderly at Risk. Government Printing Office, Washington DC.Google Scholar
United States House of Representatives, Select Committee on Aging 1990. Elder Abuse: A Decade of Shame and Inaction. Hearing by the Subcommittee on Health and Long-Term Care. Government Printing Office, Washington DC.Google Scholar
United States Senate, Special Committee on Aging Subcommittee on Long-Term Care 1975. Nursing Home Care in the United States: Failure in Public Policy. An Introductory Report. Senate Report No. 73-1420, 93rd Congress, 2nd Session. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Virginia General Assembly, Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission 1978. Long-Term Care in Virginia. Virginia State Government, Richmond, Virginia.Google Scholar
Weed, F. 1991. Organizational mortality in the anti-drunk-driving movement: failure among local MADD chapters. Social Forces, 69, 851–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weitzel, W. and Jonsson, E. 1989. Decline in organizations: a literature integration and extension. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34, 91109.Google Scholar
Zischka, P. C. and Jones, I. 1984. Volunteer community representatives as ombudsmen for the elderly in long-term care facilities. The Gerontologist, 24, 912.Google Scholar