¹ ‘Flogged’ was the local English-language term but while this word covered any form of assault from bare fist to the use of sticks or other non-lethal weapons, the term ‘flogging’ in official prison regulations was reserved for the use of a special instrument, the cat o'nine tails, and a special return was required by the Colonial Office giving the number of people that had undergone this punishment. So it was simpler and more humane to employ a less barbarous implement (usually a cane) and submit a nil return.