Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-5g6vh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T11:43:00.769Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

X-Ray Emission Spectrographic Analysis of Bastnaesite Rare Earths

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

Farrell W. Lytle ,
James I. Botsford  and
Henry A. Heller
Farrell W. Lytle
Affiliation:
U. S. Bureau of Mines, Reno, Nevada
James I. Botsford
Affiliation:
U. S. Bureau of Mines, Reno, Nevada
Henry A. Heller
Affiliation:
U. S. Bureau of Mines, Reno, Nevada
Get access

Abstract

An X-ray emission spectrographic method of analysis is presented for the determination, of rare earth elements in fractions obtained from bastnaesite ore. The method includes the determination of yttrium, thorium, lanthanum., and the rare earth elements in various complex mixtures. The analysis technique is based upon comparing the samples to synthetic standards approximating the composition of the samples. Working curves are plotted on an absolute intensity basis, with, no correction for background. Examples of working curves and the analyses of typical rare earth concentrates are included. The selection of spectral lines for the various sample matrices is discussed. A special technique is used for samples in which rapid hydration and carbonation occurred.

By analyzing synthetic samples of known composition, the accuracy of the method was determined. The error of analysis was about 3 per cent of the amount present in the range from 5 to 100 per cent and about 7 per cent in the 0.2 to 5 per cent range. A maximum of about 40 samples per day may be analyzed for 7 elements each. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Advances in X-Ray Analysis , Volume 1: Sixth Annual Conference on Industrial Applications of X-ray Analysis, August 7-9, 1957 , 1957 , pp. 367 - 386
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 1957

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Shaw, V. E., and Rice, A. C. Extraction of Rare Earths from Bastnaesite and Chemical Preparation of Cerium, Rept. of Investigations, (To be published).Google Scholar
2. Dunn, H. W. A study of X-ray Fluorescence for the Analysis of Rare Earths and Other Complex Groups. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Contract No. W-7405-eng-26, 1955.Google Scholar
3. Zemany, P. D. “Private Communication”.Google Scholar
4. Romans, P. A. Use of X-ray Spectroscopy at the Northwest Electrodevelopment Laboratory, Bureau of Mines, Presented at Pacific Northwest Regional Conference, AIME, Spokane, Wash., April 30, 1955.Google Scholar
5. Salmon, M. L. and Blackledge, J. P. A Review of Improved Mineral Analyses by Fluorescent X-ray Spectrography. Norelco Reporter, vol. 3, 1956, p. 68.Google Scholar
6. Campbell, W. J., and Parker, J. C. Conversion Tables for Fluorescent X-ray Spectroscopy. Bureau of Mines Inf. Cir. 7725, 1955.Google Scholar
7. Taylor, J., and Parrish, W., Absorption and Counting Efficiency Data for X-ray Detectors. Itev. Sci, Ins., vol. 26, 1955, pp. 367–373.Google Scholar
8. Mihalisin, J. R. X-ray Fluorescence Cuts Metal Analysis Time. Iron Age, vol. 174, No. 3, 1954, pp. 108–110.Google Scholar
9. Liebhafsky, H. A., Pfeiffer, H. G., and Zemany, P. P. Precision in X-ray Emission Spectrography. Anal. Chem., vol. 27, 1955, pp. 1257-58.Google Scholar
10.The X-ray Analysis of Metallic Elements in. Non-metallic Material. Spectrographer's Newsletter, vol. 7, No. 3, 1954, pp, 1-30.Google Scholar
11. Mortimore, D. M., Romans, R. A., and Tews, J. L. X-ray Spectroscopic Determination of Columbium and Tantalum in Rare Earth Ores. Applied Spectroscopy, vol. 8, 1954, pp. 107–110.Google Scholar
12. Adler, I., and Axelrod, J. M. Determination of Thorium by Fluorescent X-ray Spectrometry. Anal. Chain., vol. 27, 1955, P. 1002.Google Scholar
13. Carl, H. F., and Campbell, W. J. The Fluorescent X-ray Spectrographic Analysis of Minerals. ASTM Spec. Tech, Pub., No. 157, 1954, p, 63.Google Scholar
14. Campbell, W. J., and Carl, H. F. Quantitative Analysis of Niobium and Tantalum in Ores by Fluorescent X-ray Spectroscopy, Anal, Chem., vol. 26, 1954, pp. 800–805.Google Scholar
15. Gunn, E. L., Fluorescent X-ray Spectral Analysis of Powdered Solids by Matrix Dilution. A paper presented at the 21st Mid- Year Meeting, Division of Refining, API, Montreal, May 14, 1956.Google Scholar
16. Comptons, A. H., and Allison, S. K., X-rays in Theory and Experiment. D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., Toronto, New York, London, 2nd Ed., 1954, pp. 646–654.Google Scholar
17. Cope, J. H. Quantitative X-ray Spectrograph. Analysis for Uranium with the Use of an Internal Standard. Norelco Reporter, vol. 3, 1956, pp. 41–43.Google Scholar
18. Adler, I., and Axelrod, J. M. Internal Standards in Fluorescent X-ray Spectroscopy, Spectrochim Acta, Vol. 7, 1955, pp. 91–99.Google Scholar
19. Noakes, G. E., An Absolute Method of X-ray Fluorescence Analysis Applied to Stainless Steels, ASTM, Spec. Tech. Pub., No, 157, 1954, pp. 57-62.Google Scholar
20. Sherman, J. The Correlation Between Fluorescent X-ray Intensity and Chemical Composition. ASTM. Spec. Tech. Pub., No. 157, 1954, pp. 27-33.Google Scholar
21. Liebhafsky, H. A. X-ray Absorption and Emission. Anal. Chem,. vol. 26, 1954, pp. 26–31.Google Scholar
22. Reith, A. M., and Weisert, E. D. Rapid Chemical Analysis with the X-ray Spectrograph. Metal Progress, July 1956, pp. 8 3-87.Google Scholar
23. Yickery, R. Q. Chemistry of the Lanthanons. Academic press, Inc., New York, N. Y., 1953, p, 309.Google Scholar