Element contents
Technology and Culture in Pharaonic Egypt
Actor Network Theory and the Archaeology of Things and People
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 March 2023
Summary
The inherent paradox of Egyptology is that the objective of its study – people living in Egypt in Pharaonic times – are never the direct object of its studies. Egyptology, as well as archaeology in general, approach ancient lives through material (and sometimes immaterial) remains. This Element explores how, through the interplay of things and people – of non-human actants and human actors – Pharaonic material culture is shaped. In turn, it asks how, through this interplay, Pharaonic culture as an epistemic entity is created: an epistemic entity which conserves and transmits even the lives and deaths of ancient people. Drawing upon aspects of Actor Network Theory, this Element introduces an approach to see technique as the interaction of people and things, and technology as the reflection of these networks of entanglement.
- Type
- Element
- Information
- Online ISBN: 9781009070300Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication: 13 April 2023
References
Abd El Gawad, H. (2022). (Re)claiming the Rosetta: The Rosetta Stone and the (Re)writing of Egypt’s Modern History. In 100 Histories of 100 Worlds in 1 Object. https://100histories100worlds.org/reclaiming-the-rosetta/ (accessed 12 August 2022).Google Scholar
Allen, J. P. (2013). The Ancient Egyptian Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Allen, J. P. (2014). Middle Egyptian. Third Edition, Revised and Reorganized, with a New Analysis of the Verbal System. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, J. R. & Ahmed, S. M., eds. (2006). Bread Moulds and ‘Throne Halls’. SN 10, 95–101.Google Scholar
Arnold, D. & Bourriau, J., eds. (1993). An Introduction to Ancient Egyptian Pottery. Mainz: Zabern.Google Scholar
Arpagaus, D. (2021). Mikrokosmos – Makrokosmos. In Quack, J. F. & Luft, D. C., eds., Schrift und Material. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, pp. 69–111.Google Scholar
Assmann, J. (1990). Ma’at. Gerechtigkeit und Unsterblichkeit im alten Ägypten. Munich: Beck.Google Scholar
Assmann, J. (2009). The Mosaic Distinction or The Price of Monotheism. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Assmann, A. & Assmann, J., eds. (2003). Hieroglyphen. Stationen einer anderen abendländischen Grammatologie, Archäologie der literarischen Kommunikation VIII, Munich: Fink.Google Scholar
Auenmüller, J., Verly, G., & Rademakers, F. W. (2019). Bronze Casting Artefacts from the Qubbet el-Hawa. In Verly, G., Rademakers, F. W., & Téreygeol, F., eds., Studies in Experimental Archaeometallurgy. Drémil Lafage: Mergoil, pp. 141–57.Google Scholar
Bader, B. (2021a). Material Culture and Identities in Egyptology. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Science Press.Google Scholar
Bader, B. (2021b). Regional Differences in Pottery Repertoires: Two Case Studies of Early and Late Middle Kingdom Assemblages. InJiménez-Serrano, A. & Morales, A. J., eds., Middle Kingdom Palace Culture and Its Echoes in the Provinces. Regional Perspectives and Realities. HES 12. Leiden: Brill, pp. 45–76.Google Scholar
Bader, B. & Ownby, M. F., eds. (2013). Functional Aspects of Egyptian Ceramics in their Archaeological Context. OLA 217. Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar
Baines, J. (2007). Visual and Written Culture in Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Baligh, R. (2010). Complementary Medicine in Ancient and Modern Egypt. In Cockitt, J. & David, R., eds., Pharmacy and Medicine in Ancient Egypt. BAR IS 2141. Oxford: Archaeopress, pp. 6–10.Google Scholar
Barta, W. (1970). Das Selbstzeugnis eines altägyptischen Künstlers. MÄS 22. Berlin: Hessling.Google Scholar
Bats, A. (2020). The Production of Bread in Conical Moulds at the Beginning of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom. JAS Reports, 35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102631.Google Scholar
Beck, H. (2020). Localism and the Ancient Greek City-State. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Becker, J., Jungfleisch, J., & von Rüden, C., eds. (2018). Tracing Technoscapes. Leiden: Sidestone.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bourriau, J. (2007). The Vienna System in Retrospect: How Useful Is It? In Hawass, Z. A. & Richards, J., eds., The Archaeology and Art of Ancient Egypt. Essays in Honor of David B. O’Connor. Cairo: SCA, pp. 137–44.Google Scholar
Bourriau, J. & Phillips, J., eds. (2004). Invention and Innovation: The Social Context of Technological Change 2. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Bourriau, J., Nicholson, P., & Rose, P. (2000). Pottery. In Nicholson, P. & Shaw, I., eds., Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 121–47.Google Scholar
Bowman, A. K., Crowther, Ch. V., Hornblower, S., Mairs, R., & Savvopoulos, K., eds. (2021). Corpus of Ptolemaic Inscriptions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Briant, P. (1999). Inscriptions multilingues d’époque achéménide. In Valbelle, D. & Leclant, J., eds., Le décret de Memphis. Paris: De Boccard, pp. 91–115.Google Scholar
Bryan, B. M. (2017). Art-Making in Texts and Contexts. In Jasnow, R. & Widmer, Gh., eds., Illuminating Osiris. Egyptological Studies in Honor of Mark Smith. MVCAE 2. Atlanta: Lockwood, pp. 1–21.Google Scholar
Buchwald, J. & Greco Josefowicz, D. (2020). The Riddle of the Rosetta. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
de Buck, A. (1961). The Egyptian Coffin Texts VII. OIP 87. Chicago: The Oriental Institute.Google Scholar
Budka, J. (2020). AcrossBorders 2. Living in New Kingdom Sai. AESL 1. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
St, Burmeister. & Bernbeck, R., eds. (2017). The Interplay of People and Technologies. Archaeological Case Studies on Innovations. Berlin Studies of the Ancient World 43. Berlin: Topoi.Google Scholar
Burmeister, St., Hansen, S., Kunst, M., & Müller-Scheeßel, N., eds. (2013). Metal Matters. Rahden: VML.Google Scholar
Burstein, S. M. (1989). Agatharchides of Cnidos. On the Erythrean Sea. London: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Butzer, K. W. (1976). Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Cancik-Kirschbaum, E. & Traninger, A., eds. (2015). Wissen in Bewegung. Institution – Iteration – Transfer. Episteme in Bewegung. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Carlig, N., Lescuyer, G., Motte, A., & Sijic, N., eds. (2020). Signes dans les textes. Liège: Presses Universitaires de Liège.Google Scholar
Cauville, S. (1997a). Le temple de Dendara. Les chapelles osiriennes. Dendara X. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar
Cauville, S. (1997b). Le Temple de Dendara. Les chapelles osiriennes. Transcription et traduction. BdÉ 117. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar
Cauville, S. (1997c). Le Temple de Dendara. Les chapelles osiriennes. Commentaire. BdÉ 118. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar
Cockitt, J. & David, R., eds. (2010). Pharmacy and Medicine in Ancient Egypt. BAR IS 2141. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Crellin, R. (2020). Change and Archaeology. Themes in Archaeology. Abingdon: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.Google Scholar
Crystal, D. (2010). Die Cambridge Enzyklopädie der Sprache. Berlin: Haffmanns & Tolkemitt.Google Scholar
Darnell, J. C. (2004). The Enigmatic Netherworld Books of the Solar-Osirian Unity. OBO 198. Fribourg: Academic Press/Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Daumas, F. (1983). L’Alchimi a-t-elle une origine égyptienne? In Grimm, G., Heinen, H., & Winter, E., eds., Das Römisch-Byzantinische Ägypten. Mainz: Zabern, pp. 109–18.Google Scholar
David, R. A., ed. (1986). Science in Egyptology, Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Davies, V. & Laboury, D., eds. (2020). The Oxford Handbook of Egyptian Epigraphy and Palaeography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Davies, W. V. & Walker, R., eds. (1993). Biological Anthropology and the Study of Ancient Egypt. London: British Museum Press.Google Scholar
Dawson, J., Rozeik, C., & Wright, M. M., eds. (2010). Decorated Surfaces on Ancient Egyptian Objects. London: Archetype Publications.Google Scholar
Dawson, W. R. (1953). Egypt’s Place in Medical History. In Underwood, E. A., ed., Science, Medicine and History. London: Oxford University Press, pp. 47–60.Google Scholar
Depraetere, D. D. E. (2002). A Comparative Study on the Construction and the Use of the Domestic Bread Oven in Egypt during the Graeco-Roman and Late Antique/Early Byzantine Period, MDAIK 58, 119–56.Google Scholar
Doyon, W. (2015). On Archaeological Labor in Modern Egypt. In Carruthers, W., ed., Histories of Egyptology. New York: Routledge, pp. 141–56.Google Scholar
Drioton, É. & Fairman, H. W., eds. (1992). Cryptographie ou pages sur le développement de l’alphabet en Égypte ancienne. CASAE 28. Cairo: SCA.Google Scholar
Durkheim, E. (1915). The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Ebeling, F. (2014). Ägypten als Heimat der Alchemie. In Feuerstein-Herz, P. & Laube, S., eds. Die Alchemie. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 23–34.Google Scholar
Eckmann, C. & Shafik, S. (2002). Die beiden Kupferstatuen des Pepi I. aus dem Tempel von Hierakonpolis in Ägypten. Mainz: RGZ.Google Scholar
El Hawary, A. (2015). Stille Gedichte. In Morenz, L. D. & El Hawary, A., eds., Weitergabe. Festschrift für Ursula Rössler-Köhler zum 65. Geburtstag. GOF 53. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 153–66.Google Scholar
El-Hawary, A. (2018). Epistemological Things! Mystical Things! Towards an Ancient Egyptian Ontology. In Miniaci, G., Moreno García, J. C., Quirke, S. & Stauder, A., eds., The Arts of Making in Ancient Egypt. Leiden: Sidestone Press, pp. 67–9.Google Scholar
Endesfelder, E. (1979). Zur Frage der Bewässerung im pharaonischen Ägypten. ZÄS 106, pp. 37–51.Google Scholar
Faltings, D. (1995). bS# und zwt – zwei ungeklärte Begriffe der Getreidewirtschaft im AR. GM 148, pp. 35–44.Google Scholar
Faltings, D. (1998). Die Keramik der Lebensmittelproduktion im Alten Reich. SAGA 14, Heidelberg: Orientverlag.Google Scholar
Feisal, A. E., ed. (1995). Proceedings of the First International Conference on Ancient Egyptian Mining, Metallurgy and Conservation of Metallic Artefacts. Cairo: SCA.Google Scholar
Feuerbach, L. (1975). Die Naturwissenschaft und die Revolution (1850). In: Feuerbach., L. Werke 4. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, pp. 243–65.Google Scholar
Fischer-Elfert, H.-W. (2002). Das verschwiegene Wissen des Irtisen. In Assmann, J. & Bommas, M., eds., Ägyptische Mysterien? Munich: Fink, pp. 27–35.Google Scholar
Fischer-Lichte, E. (2005). Performativität/performativ. In Fischer-Lichte, E., Kolesch, D. & Warstat, M., eds., Metzler Lexikon Theatertheorie. Stuttgart: Metzler, pp. 234–42.Google Scholar
Fitzenreiter, M. (2014). Metall und Kultur – Eine kurze Geschichte der ‘thermischen Revolution’. In Fitzenreiter, M., Loeben, Ch. E., Raue, D. & Wallenstein, U., eds., Gegossene Götter. Metallhandwerk und Massenproduktion im Alten Ägypten. Rahden: Verlag Marie Leidorf, pp. 31–29.Google Scholar
Fitzenreiter, M. (2015). (Un)Zuganglichkeit. In Kehnel, A. & Panagiotopoulos, D., eds., Schriftträger – Textträger. Berlin: de Gruyter, pp. 179–208.Google Scholar
Fitzenreiter, M. (2019). Schon wieder Stele Louvre C 14 des Irtisen. GM 257, pp. 49–61.Google Scholar
Fitzenreiter, M. (2020). Technologie und / als / eine Kulturwissenschaft. Berlin: EB-Verlag.Google Scholar
Fitzenreiter, M. (2021). Ehrenwerte Töpfe und ihre Potenzen. Zu QrH.t Sps in den Choiak-Inschriften und anderswo. SAK 50. pp. 109–131.Google Scholar
Fitzenreiter, M. (in press). Geheimnis ist Veränderung. Zu St# und s.St#, in press.Google Scholar
Fitzenreiter, M., Loeben, Ch. E., Raue, D. & Wallenstein, U., eds. (2014). Gegossene Götter. Rahden: VML.Google Scholar
Fitzenreiter, M., Willer, F. & Auenmüller, J. (2016). Materialien einer Gusswerkstatt von der Qubbet el-Hawa. Berlin: EB-Verlag.Google Scholar
Fleck, L. (1935). Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache. Basel: Schwabe und Co.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. (1963). Naissance de la clinique. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.Google Scholar
Fox, R., Panagiotopoulos, D. & Tsouparopoulou, Ch. (2015). Affordanz. In Ott, M. R., Sauer, R., & Meier, Th., eds., Materiale Textkulturen. Berlin / Boston / Munich: De Gruyter, pp. 63–70.Google Scholar
French, P. G. (2016). Why does Egyptian Pottery Change? In Bader, B., Knoblauch, C. M., & Köhler, E. C., eds., Vienna 2 – Ancient Egyptian Ceramics in the 21st Century. OLA 245. Leuven: Peeters, pp. 203–9.Google Scholar
Frese, T., Hornbacher, A., & Willer, L. (2015). Präsenz. In Meier, Th., Ott, M. R., & Sauer, R., eds., Materiale Textkulturen. Konzepte – Materialien – Praktiken. Materiale Textkulturen 1. Berlin/Boston/München: de Gruyter, pp. 87–100.Google Scholar
Fuller, D. Q. & Lucas, L. (2020). Savanna on the Nile. In Emberling, G. & Williams, B. B., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 927–53.Google Scholar
Gaillhard, N. (2018). Experimental Archaeology on Metals. DOI: 10.19080/GJAA.218.03.555622. (25.05.2021)Google Scholar
Ghalioungui, P. (1963). Magic and Medical Science in Ancient Egypt. New York: Barnes & Noble.Google Scholar
Goebs, K. (2007). King as God and God as King. In Gundlach, R., Kreikenbom, D. & Spence, K., eds., Palace and Temple. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 57–101.Google Scholar
Goebs, K. & Baines, J. (2018). Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myths. In Medini, L. & Tallet, G., eds., Qu’est-ce qu’un mythe égyptien? / What is an Egyptian Myth? Paris: Colin, pp. 645–77.Google Scholar
Geoghegan, B. D. (2013). After Kittler: On the Cultural Techniques of Recent German Media Theory. Theory, Culture & Society 30(6), pp. 66–72.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, D. (2022). Smellscapes in Ancient Egypt. In Neumann, K. & Thomason, A., eds., The Routledge Handbook of the Senses of the Ancient Near East. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 636‒62.Google Scholar
Graf, J. & Krutzsch, M., eds. (2008). Ägypten lesbar machen – die klassische Konservierung/Restaurierung von Papyri und neuere Verfahren. AfP Beiheft 24. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Graff, G. & Jimenez Serrano, A., eds. (2015). Préhistoires de l’écriture. Marsailles: Presses Universitaires de Provence.Google Scholar
Grapow, H., von Deines, H. & Westendorf, W. (1954–1973). Grundriss der Medizin der alten Ägypter I-IX. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.Google Scholar
Graves-Brown, C. & Goodridge, W., eds. (2015). Egyptology in the Present. Swansea: The classical Press of Wales.Google Scholar
Griffiths, J. G. (1970). Plutarch’s De Iside Et Osiride. Swansea: University of Wales Press.Google Scholar
Grube, G., Kogge, W. & Krämer, S. eds. (2005). Schrift. Kulturtechnik zwischen Auge, Hand und Maschine. München: Fink.Google Scholar
Guglielmi, W. (1991). Die Göttin MR.T. PdÄ 7. Leiden / New York / Kopenhagen / Köln: Brill.Google Scholar
Guglielmi, W. (1994). Die Biergöttin Menket. In Minas, M. & Zeidler, J., eds., Aspekte spätägyptischer Kultur. Festschrift für Erich Winter zum 65. Geburtstag. AegTrev 7. Mainz: Zabern.Google Scholar
Hahn, H.-P. (2019). The Values of Things, Pragmatically, Symbolically and Emotionally: Some Remarks on Object Appreciation. In Jaritz, G. & Matschinegg, I., eds., My Favourite Things: Object Preferences in Medieval and Early Modern Material Culture. Berlin: LIT, pp. 21–35.Google Scholar
Haraway, D. (1991). A Cyborg Manifesto. In Haraway, D. Simians, Cyborgs and Women. New York; Routledge, pp. 149–81.Google Scholar
Haring, B. (2018). From Single Sign to Pseudo-Script. CANE 93. Leiden / Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
Harman, G. (2018). Object-Orientated Ontology: A New Theory of Everything. Westminster: Penguin.Google Scholar
Hayden, B., Nixon-Darcus, L., & Ansell, L. (2017). Our ‘Daily Bread’? In Steel, L., & Zinn, K., eds., Exploring the Materiality of Food ‘Stuffs’. London / New York: Routledge, pp. 57–78.Google Scholar
Haywood, P. (2017). The Ontological Turn. In Stein, F. et al., eds., The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Anthropology. doi.org/10.29164/17ontologyGoogle Scholar
Helck, W. (1971). Das Bier im Alten Ägypten. Berlin: Institut für Gärungsgewerbe und Biotechnologie.Google Scholar
Hendrickx, S., Faltings, D., Op de Beeck, L., Raue, D. & Michiels, Ch. (2002). Milk, Beer and Bread Technology During the Early Dynastic Period, MDAIK 58, pp. 277–304.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, E. & Ranger, T., eds. (1983). The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hodder, I. (2012). Entangled. An Archaeology of the Relationships between Humans and Things. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hodgkinson, A. K. & Tvetmarken, C. L., eds. (2020), Approaches to the Analysis of Production Activity at Archaeological Sites. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, F., Minas-Nerpel, M., & Pfeiffer, St. (2009). Die dreisprachige Stele des C. Cornelius Gallus. AfP Beiheft 9, Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, F. & Pfeiffer, St. (2021). Der Stein von Rosetta: Neuübersetzung des Rosetta-Textes. Stuttgart: Reclam.Google Scholar
Holthoer, R. (1977). New Kingdom Pharaonic Sites. The Pottery. SJE 5:1, Copenhagen: Scandinavian University Books.Google Scholar
Honneth, A. (2015). Verdinglichung. Eine erkennungstheoretische Studie. Berlin: Suhrkamp.Google Scholar
Horton, R. (1993). Patterns of Thought in Africa and the West. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ikram, S., Kaiser, J., & Walker, R., eds. (2015). Egyptian Bioarchaeology. Leiden: Sidestone Press.Google Scholar
Jacquet-Gordon, H. (1981). A Tentative Typology of Egyptian Bread Moulds. In Arnold, D. ed. Studien zur altägyptischen Keramik. DAI Sonderschrift 9. Mainz: Zabern, pp. 11–24.Google Scholar
Kahl, J. (1994). Das System der ägyptischen Hieroglyphenschrift in der 0.-3. Dynastie. GOF 29. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Kamal, A. Bey (1904). Stèles ptolemaiques et romaines. CG 22001–22208,. Cairo: Imprimerie IFAO.Google Scholar
Kammerzell, F. (2021). Reading Multimodal Compositions from Early Dynastic Egypt (with an Appendix on Previously Unlisted, Reinterpreted or Otherwise Noteworthy Signs). In Engel, E.-M., Blöbaum, A. I., & Kammerzell, F., eds., Keep out! Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom Cylinder Seals and Sealings in Context. Menes 7. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 1–98.Google Scholar
Kassung, Ch. & Macho, Th. eds. (2013). Kulturtechniken der Synchronisation. München: Fink.Google Scholar
Kehnel, A. & Panagiotopoulos, D., eds. (2015). Schriftträger – Textträger. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Klotz, D. & Stauder, A., eds. (2020). Enigmatic Writing in the New Kingdom. ZÄS Beihefte 12.1. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Knopes, J. (2019). Science, Technology, and Human Health: The Value of STS in Medical and Health Humanities Pedagogy. In Journal of Medical Humanities 40(2), DOI:10.1007/s10912-019-09551-3. (25.05.2021).Google Scholar
Kuhn, Th. S. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lane, E. W. (1890). An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians. (Written in Egypt During the Years 1833–1835). London: Ward, Lock and Co.Google Scholar
Latour, B. (1993). We have never been modern. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Latour, B. (2000). On the Partial Existence of Existing and Nonexisting Objects. In Daston, L., ed., Biographies of Scientific Objects. Chicago: Chicago University Press, pp. 247–69.Google Scholar
Leitz, Ch. (2017). Das Menu-Lied. In Jasnow, R. & Widmer, G., eds., Illuminating Osiris. Egyptological Studies in Honor of Mark Smith. MVCAE 2. Atlanta: Lockwood, pp. 221–37.Google Scholar
von Lieven, A. (2004). Das Göttliche in der Natur erkennen. Tiere, Pflanzen und Phänomene der unbelebten Natur als Manifestationen des Göttlichen. ZÄS 131, pp. 156–72.Google Scholar
Lucarelli, R. (2010). The Guardian-Demons of the Book of the Dead. BMSAES 15, pp. 85–102.Google Scholar
Lucas, A. (1926). Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries. London: Arnold, Longmans, Green & Co.Google Scholar
Lucas, A. (1962). Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries. Fourth edition, revised and enlarged by J.R. Harris. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Luhmann, N. (1987). Soziale Systeme: Grundriss einer allgemeinen Theorie. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp.Google Scholar
Maggetti, M. (2006). Archaeometry: Quo vadis? Geological Society London Special Publications 257(1), pp. 1–8.Google Scholar
Maran, J. & Stockhammer, P., eds. (2017). Appropriating Innovations: Entangled Knowledge in Eurasia, 5000–1500 BCE. Oxford Haverton, PA: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Mathieu, B., Meeks, D., & Wissa, M., eds. (2006). L’apport de l’Égypte à l’histoire des techniques. BdE 142, Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar
Matić, U. (2020). Ethnic Identities in the Land of the Pharaos. Ancient Egypt in Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mauelshagen, F. (2007). Warten auf Champollion? In Glück, Th. & Morenz, L. D., eds., Exotisch, Weisheitlich und Uralt. Hamburg: Lit, pp. 57–80.Google Scholar
McLuhan, M. (1962). The Gutenberg Galaxy. The Making of Typographic Man. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
McLuhan, M. (1967). The Medium is the Massage: An Inventory of Effects. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Meeks, D. (2006). L’Égypte ancienne et l’histoire des techniques. In Mathieu, B., Meeks, D., & Wissa, M., eds., L’apport de l’Égypte à l’histoire des techniques. BdE 142, Kairo: IFAO, pp. 1–13.Google Scholar
Michels, S. (2013). Kornosiris – Osirisbeet. In Neunert, G., Gabler, K., & Verbovsek, A., eds., Nekropolen: Grab – Bild – Ritual. GOF 54. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 161–79.Google Scholar
Minas-Nerpel, M. (2019). ‘Seeing Double’. Intercultural Dimensions of the Royal Ideology in Ptolemaic Egypt. In Budka, J., ed., Egyptian royal ideology and kingship under periods of foreign rulers. KSGH 4,6. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 189–205.Google Scholar
Miniaci, G. (2021). The Craft of Non-Mechanically Reproducible: Targeting Centres of Faience Figurin Production in 1800–1650 BC Egypt. In Jiménez-Serrano, A. & Morales, A.J., eds., Middle Kingdom Palace Culture and Its Echoes in the Provinces. Regional Perspectives and Realities. HES 12, Leiden: Brill, pp. 284–329.Google Scholar
Miniaci, G., Moreno García, J. C., Quirke, S. & Stauder, A. (2018). The Arts of Making in Ancient Egypt. Leiden: Sidestone Press.Google Scholar
Moreno García, J. C. (2015). The Cursed Discipline? In Carruthers, W., ed., Histories of Egyptology. RSE 2. New York: Routledge, pp. 50–63.Google Scholar
Moreno García, J. C., ed. (2016). Dynamics of Production in the Ancient Near East 1300–500BC. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Morenz, L. (2004). Bild-Buchstaben und symbolische Zeichen. OBO 205. Fribourg & Göttingen: Academic Press/Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Morenz, L. D. (1996). Beiträge zur Schriftlichkeitskultur im Mittleren Reich und der 2. Zwischenzeit. ÄAT 29. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Mourad, A.-L. (2021). The Enigma of the Hyksos Volume II. Transforming Egypt into the New Kingdom. The Impact of the Hyksos and Egyptian-Near Eastern Relations, CAENL 10. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Müller-Wollermann, R. (2021). Einführung in die altägyptische Wirtschaft. Einführungen und Quellentexte zur Ägyptologie 13. Berlin: Lit.Google Scholar
Nicholson, P. T. (2010). ‘Other Than’ – Egyptology as Science? In Cockitt, J. & David, R., eds., Pharmacy and Medicine in Ancient Egypt. BAR IS 2141. Oxford: Archaeopress, pp. 122–26.Google Scholar
Nicholson, P. T. & Doherty, S. K. (2016). Arts and Crafts: Artistic Representations as Ethno-Archaeology. In Bader, B., Knoblauch, C. M., & Köhler, E. C., eds., Vienna 2 – Ancient Egyptian Ceramics in the 21st Century. OLA 245. Leuven: Peeters, pp. 703–22.Google Scholar
Nyord, R. (2020). Seeing Perfection. Ancient Egyptian Images beyond Representation. Ancient Egypt in Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
O’Brien, M. J. & Lyman, R. L. (2000). Applying Evolutionary Archaeology: A Systematic Approach. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.Google Scholar
Parker Pearson, M. (2003). Food, Identity and Culture. In Parker Pearson, M., ed. Food, Culture and Identity in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. BAR IS 1117. Oxford: Archaeopress, pp. 1–30.Google Scholar
Parkinson, R. (2002). Poetry and Culture in Middle Kingdom Egypt. New York: Continuum.Google Scholar
Petrie, W. M. F. (1892). Ten Years’ Digging in Egypt 1881 – 1891. London: The Religious Tract Society.Google Scholar
Petrie, W. M. F. (1901). Diospolis Parva. The Cemeteries of Abadiyeh and Hu 1898–9. London.Google Scholar
Petrie, W. M. F. (1910). The Arts & Crafts of Ancient Egypt. London & Edinburgh: Foulis.Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, K. (2012). Neue Untersuchungen zur Archäometallurgie des Sinai. Menschen – Kulturen – Traditionen 11, Rahden: VMLGoogle Scholar
Pfeiffer, S. (2004). Das Dekret von Kanopos (238 v. Chr). AfP Beiheft 18. Munich / Leipzig: Saur.Google Scholar
Pinarello, M. S. (2015). An Archaeological Discussion of Writing Practice. Deconstruction of the Ancient Egyptian Scribe. GHP Egyptology 23. London: GHP.Google Scholar
Piquette, K. E. (2018). An Archaeology of Art and Writing. Early Egyptian Lables in Context. Cologne: Modern Academic Publishing.Google Scholar
Pommerening, T. (2017). Medical Re-enactments. In Rosati, G. & Guidotti, M. C., eds., Proceedings of the XI International Congress of Egyptologists. AE 15. Oxford: Archaeopress, pp. 519–26.Google Scholar
Prell, S. (2011). Einblicke in die Werkstätten der Residenz. Die Stein- und Metallwerkzeuge des Grabungsplatzes Q 1. FR 8. Hildesheim: Gerstenberg.Google Scholar
Prentiss, A. M. ed. (2019). Handbook of Evolutionary Research in Archaeology. Heidelberg: Springer Nature.Google Scholar
Pusch, E. B. & Rehren, Th. (2007). Hochtemperatur-Technologie in der Ramses-Stadt. Rubinglas für den Pharao. FR 6. Hildesheim: Gerstenberg.Google Scholar
Quack, J. F. (2007). Saatprobe und Kornosiris. In Fitzenreiter, M., ed., Das Heilige und die Ware. IBAES VII. London: GHP, pp. 325–31.Google Scholar
Quack, J. F. & Luft, D. C., eds. (2021). Schrift und Material. ORA 41. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.Google Scholar
Quirke, S. (2004). Egyptian Literature 1800 BC: Questions and Readings. London: Golden House Publications.Google Scholar
Quirke, S. (2010). Hidden Hands: Egyptian Workforces in Petrie Excavation Archives, 1880–1924. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar
Quirke, S. (2018). Languages of Artists: Closed and Open Channels. In Miniaci, G., Moreno García, J. C., Quirke, S., & Stauder, A., eds., The Arts of Making in Ancient Egypt. Leiden: Sidestone Press, pp. 175–96.Google Scholar
Rademakers, F. W., Verly, G., Téreygeold, F., & Auenmüller, J. (2021). Contributions of Experimental Archaeology to Excavation and Material Studies. JAS Reports 38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103036Google Scholar
Radestock, S. (2015). Prinzipien der ägyptischen Medizin. WSA 4. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag.Google Scholar
Ragazzoli, C. (2019). Scribes. Les artisans du texte en Égypte ancienne. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.Google Scholar
Rashwan, H. (2019). Ancient Egyptian Image-Writing: Between the Unspoken and Visual Poetics, JARCE 55, pp. 137‒160.Google Scholar
Raven, M. J. (1998). A New Type of Osiris Burials. In Clarysse, W., Schoors, A., & Willems, H., eds., Egyptian Religion: The Last Thousend Years. Studies Dedicated to the Memory of Jan Quaegebeur. OLA 84. Leuven: Peeters, pp. 227–39.Google Scholar
Ray, J. (2008). The Rosetta Stone and the Rebirth of Ancient Egypt. Harvard: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Regulski, I. (2020a). Repurposing Ritual. Pap. Berlin P. 10480–82: A Case Study from Middle Kingdom Asyut. ÄOPH 5. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Regulski, I. (2020b). The Rosetta Stone. Copying an Ancient Copy. In Davies, V. & Laboury, D., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Egyptian Epigraphy and Palaeography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 215‒28.Google Scholar
Rheinberger, H.-J. (1997). Toward a History of Epistemic Things. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Richter, S. (2010). Naturoffenbarung und Erkenntnisritual. In Knuf, H., Leitz, C., & von Recklinghausen, D., eds., Honi soit qui mal y pense. Studien zum pharaonischen, griechisch-römischen und spätantiken Ägypten zu Ehren von Heinz-Josef Thissen. OLA 149. Leuven: Peeters, pp. 585–605.Google Scholar
Roeder, G. (1933). Die Herstellung von Wachsmodellen zu ägyptischen Bronzefiguren. ZÄS 69, pp. 45–67.Google Scholar
Roeder, G. (1956). Ägyptische Bronzefiguren. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.Google Scholar
Roeder, H. (2003), Die Imagination des Unsichtbaren. Die altägyptischen Erzählungen des Papyrus Westcar und die Performanz des Performativen. In Ulf, Ch. & Zirfas, J., eds., Rituelle Welten. Paragrana 12. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 184–222.Google Scholar
Roßler, G. (2008). Kleine Galerie neuer Dingbegriffe: Hybriden, Quasi-Objekte, Grenzobjekte, epistemische Dinge. In Kneer, G., Schroer, M., & Schüttpelz, E., eds., Bruno Latours Kollektive. Berlin: Suhrkamp, pp. 76–107.Google Scholar
Rowley-Conwy, P. (2007). From Genesis to Prehistory: The Archaeological Three Age System and Its Contested Reception in Denmark, Britain, and Ireland. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ryan, P. (2016). From Raw Resources to Food Processing. In Steel, L. & Zinn, K., eds., Exploring the Materiality of Food ‘Stuffs’. RSA 23. London: Routledge, pp. 15–38.Google Scholar
Samuel, D. (1999). Brewing and Baking in Ancient Egyptian Art. In Walker, H., ed., Food in the Arts. Totnes, Devon: Prospect Books, pp. 173–81.Google Scholar
Samuel, D. (2000). Brewing and Baking. In Shaw, I. & Nicholson, P., eds., Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 537–76.Google Scholar
Saussure, F. de (1959). Course in General Linguistics. New York: New York Philosophical Library.Google Scholar
Scheel, B. (1985). Studien zum Metallhandwerk im Alten Ägypten I. Handlungen und Beischriften in den Bildprogrammen der Gräber des Alten Reiches. SAK 12, pp. 117–77.Google Scholar
Scheel, B. (1986). Studien zum Metallhandwerk im Alten Ägypten II. Handlungen und Beischriften in den Bildprogrammen der Gräber des Mittleren Reiches. SAK 13, pp. 181–205.Google Scholar
Scheel, B. (1987). Studien zum Metallhandwerk im Alten Ägypten III. Handlungen und Beischriften in den Bildprogrammen der Gräber des Neuen Reiches und der Spätzeit. SAK 14, pp. 247–64.Google Scholar
Schorsch, D. (1988). Technical Examinations of Ancient Egyptian Theriomorphic Hollow Cast Bronzes. In Watkins, S. C. & Brown, C. E., eds., Conservation of Ancient Egyptian Materials. London: British Museum Press, pp. 41–50.Google Scholar
Schwechler, C. (2020). Les noms des pains en Égypte ancienne. SAK Beiheft 22. Hamburg: Buske.Google Scholar
Seidlmayer, St. J. (2000). Zwischen Staatswirtschaft und Massenkonsum. URN: urn: nbn:de:kobv:b4-opus-22131. http://edoc.bbaw.de/volltexte/2012/2213/ (accessed 24 May 2021).Google Scholar
Shaw, I. (2012). Ancient Egyptian Technology and Innovation. Transformations in Pharaonic Material Culture. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press.Google Scholar
Shaw, I. (2017). Technology in Transit. In Creasman, P. P. & Wilkinson, R. H., eds., Pharao’s Land and Beyond. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 167–80.Google Scholar
Shaw, I. & Nicholson, P. (2000). Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shortland, A. J. (2001). The Social Context of Technological Change: Egypt and the Ancient Near East, 1650–1550 BC. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Siffert, U. (2021). Osiris – The Mummy Par Excellence? In Franci, M., Ikram, S., & Morfini, I., eds., Rethinking Osiris. SANEM 5. Rome: Arbor Sapentiae, pp. 175–88.Google Scholar
Sigl, J., Kopp, P., & Fritzsch, D. (2018). Stadt und Tempel von Elephantine – Methodological Approach to the Project ‘Realities of Life’ (Lebenswirklichkeiten). MDAIK 74, pp. 161–76.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T. (2020).The Nubian Experience of Egyptian Domination During the New Kingdom. In Emberling, G. & Williams, B. B., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 369–94.Google Scholar
Spinoza, B. (1677). Ethica. Pars quarta – De servitute humana seu de affectuum viribus. https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Ethica/Pars_quarta_-_De_servitute_humana_seu_de_affectuum_viribus (accessed 24 May 2021).Google Scholar
Stauder, A. (2018). Staging Restricted Knowledge. In Miniaci, G., Moreno García, J. C., Quirke, S., & Stauder, A., eds., The Arts of Making in Ancient Egypt. Leiden: Sidestone Press, pp. 238–71.Google Scholar
Steel, L. & Zinn, K., eds. (2017). Exploring the Materiality of Food ‘Stuffs’. RSA 23. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Stockhammer, Ph. W. (2013). From Hybridity to Entanglement, From Essentialism to Practice. In van Pelt, W. P., ed., Archaeology and Cultural Mixture. ARC 28.1, pp. 11–28.Google Scholar
Stocks, D. A. (2003). Experiments in Egyptian Archaeology. Stoneworking technology in Ancient Egpyt. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Strong, M. E. (2021). Sacred Flames. The Power of Artificial Light in Ancient Egypt. Cairo: AUC Press.Google Scholar
Strouhal, E., Vachala, B., & Vymazalová, H. (2014). The Medicine of the Ancient Egyptians. 1: Surgery, Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Pediatrics. Cairo: AUC Press.Google Scholar
Strouhal, E., Vachala, B., & Vymazalová, H. (2021). The Medicine of the Ancient Egyptians. 2: Internal Medicine. Cairo: AUC Press.Google Scholar
Thompson, D. J. (2018). Ptolemy I in Egypt: Continuity and Change. In McKechnie, P. & Cromwell, J. A., eds., Ptolemy I and the Transformation of Egypt, 404–282 BCE. Leiden: Brill, pp. 6–26.Google Scholar
Tiribilli, E. (2018). The Bronze Figurines of the Petrie Museum from 2000 BC to AD 400. GHP Egyptology 28. London: GHP.Google Scholar
Trigger, B. G. (1989). A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tylecote, R. F. (1992). A History of Metallurgy. Second Edition. London: Institute of Materials.Google Scholar
Van der Moezel, K. (2016). Of Marks and Meaning: A Palaeographic, Semiotic-Cognitive, and Comparative Analysis of the Identity Marks from Deir el-Medina. Leiden: PhD.Google Scholar
van Wolputte, S. & Fumanti, M., eds. (2010). Beer in Africa. African Studies 36. Münster: Lit.Google Scholar
Veldmeijer, A. J. (2019). The Ancient Egyptian Footwear Project. Leiden: Sidestone Press.Google Scholar
Veldmeijer, A. J. & Ikram, S., eds. (2013). Chasing Chariots. Leiden: Sidestone Press.Google Scholar
Verhoeven, U. (1984). Grillen, Kochen, Backen im Alltag und im Ritual Altägyptens. Rites égyptiens IV. Brussels: Fondation Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth.Google Scholar
Vernus, P. (2017). Modelling the Relationship between Reproduction and Production of ‘Sacralized’ Texts in Pharaonic Egypt. In Todd, G., ed., (Re)productive Traditions in Ancient Egypt. AegLeo 10. Liège: Presses universitaires de Liège, pp. 149–61.Google Scholar
Volokhine, Y. (2019). Les interdits alimentaires en Égypte ancienne. In Arnette, M.-L., ed., Religion et alimentation en Égypte et Orient anciens. RAPH 43. Cairo: IFAO, pp. 557–91.Google Scholar
Walker, J. (1990). The Place of Magic in the Practice of Medicine in Ancient Egypt. BACE 1, pp. 85–95.Google Scholar
Warden, L. A. (2014). Pottery and Economy in Old Kingdom Egypt. CHANE 65. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Warden, L. A. (2021). Ceramic Perspectives on Ancient Egyptian Society. Ancient Egypt in Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Weiss, K. (2012). Ägyptische Tier- und Götterbronzen aus Unterägypten. ÄAT 81. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Wendrich, W. (2006). Body Knowledge. In Mathieu, B., Meeks, D., & Wissa, M. eds., L’apport de l’Égypte à l’histoire des techniques. BdE 142. Cairo: IFAO, pp. 267–75.Google Scholar
Wilde, H. (2003). Technologische Innovationen im zweiten Jahrtausend vor Christus. Zur Verwendung und Verbreitung neuer Werkstoffe im ostmediterranen Raum. GOF IV.44, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, J. G. (1837). The Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, Including Their Private Life, Government, Laws, Arts, Manufactures, Religion, Agriculture, and Early History; Derived From a Comparison of the Paintings, Sculptures, and Monuments Still Existing, With the Accounts of Ancient Authors. Illustrated By Drawings of Those Subjects. London: Murray.Google Scholar
Willems, H. (2003). Gärten in thebanischen Grabanlagen. In Meyer, S., ed., Egypt – Temple of the Whole World. Ägypten – Tempel der gesamten Welt. Studies in Honour of Jan Assmann. Leiden: Brill, pp. 421–39.Google Scholar
Willey, G. & Phillips, P. (1958). Method and Theory in American Archaeology. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Winkler, H. (2015). Prozessieren. Die dritte, vernachlässigte Medienfunktion. Paderborn: Fink.Google Scholar
Zakrzewski, S., Shortland, A. & Rowland, J. (2016). Science in the Study of Ancient Egypt. RSE 3. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
- 3
- Cited by