This paper uses memory – individual, collective, and historical – as a lens to theorize water justice. Memory, expressed verbally as spoken and written narratives, or visually through public art and monuments, plays a fundamental role in how we understand environmental suffering, its causes and potential remedies. In Bolivia, mining is memorialized as central to the collective national experience, constructing a national identity as a país minero (mining country). Memory is similarly important, though less public, for populations impacted by mining contamination and their claims for reparations. This chapter considers the case of indigenous campesino communities and their exposure to mine-related water pollution on the Altiplano. Drawing on ethnographic research, it argues that memory – as stories told about past experience – is best viewed as a political and ideological resource in its own right. In this sense, memory can be mobilized in various forms and at a range of scales. As representations of the past, memory is always also a representation of the present, and a reflection of contemporary realities, which in turn informs political demands.