American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar

Bagby, R. M., Quilty, L. C., Segal, Z. V., et al. (2008). Personality and differential treatment response in major depression: A randomized controlled trial comparing Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy and Pharmacotherapy. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 53(6), 361–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bhar, S. S., Kyrios, M., & Hordern, C. (2015). Self-ambivalence in the cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder. Psychopathology, 48(5), 349–56. doi: 10.1159/000438676CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brinthaupt, T. M., & Lipka, R. P. (Eds.). (1992). The Self: Definitional and Methodological Issues. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar

Gallagher, S. (Ed.). (2011). The Oxford Handbook of the Self: Oxford Handbooks. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Guidano, V. F., & Liotti, G. (Eds.). (1983). Cognitive Processes and Emotional Disorders: A Structural Approach to Psychotherapy. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Haaland, A. T., Vogel, P. A., Launes, G., et al. (2011). The role of early maladaptive schemas in predicting exposure and response prevention outcome for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(11), 781–788. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2011.08.007Google Scholar

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An Experiential Approach to Behavior Change. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(5), 427–440. doi: 10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1Google Scholar

Horowitz, M. J. (2011). Stress Response Syndromes (5th ed.). Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.Google Scholar

Hunsley, J., Elliott, K., & Therrien, Z. (2014). The efficacy and effectiveness of psychological treatments for mood, anxiety, and related disorders. Canadian Psychology. Psychologie canadienne, 55(3), 161–176. doi: 10.1037/a0036933Google Scholar

Katzko, M. W. (2003). Unity versus multiplicity: A conceptual analysis of the term “self” and its use in personality theories. Journal of Personality, 71(1), 83–114. doi: 10.1111/1467–6494.t01-1-00004Google Scholar

Kircher, T., & David, A. (2003). The Self in Neuroscience and Psychiatry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kyrios, M (1998). A cognitive-behavioral approach to the understanding and management of obsessive–compulsive personality disorder. In C. Perris & P. McGorry (Eds.), Cognitive Psychotherapy of Psychotic and Personality Disorders: Handbook of Theory and Practice (pp. 351–378). New York, NY: Wiley.Google Scholar

Kyrios, M., Nedeljkovic, M., Moulding, R., & Doron, G. (2007). Problems of employees with personality disorders: The exemplar of obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). In Langan-Fox, J., Cooper, C. L., & Klimoski, R. J. (Eds.), Research Companion to the Dysfunctional Workplace: Management Challenges and Symptoms (pp. 40–57). Cheltenham: Elgar.Google Scholar

Livesley, W. J. (2006). Introduction to special feature on self and identity. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20(6), 541–543. doi: 10.1521/pedi.2006.20.6.541CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McMain, S., Newman, M. G., Segal, Z. V., & DeRubeis, R. J. (2015). Cognitive behavioral therapy: Current status and future research directions. Psychotherapy Research, 25(3), 321–329. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2014.1002440Google Scholar

Min, J.-A., Lee, N.-B., Lee, C.-U., Lee, C., & Chae, J.-H. (2012). Low trait anxiety, high resilience, and their interaction as possible predictors for treatment response in patients with depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 137(1), 61–69. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.026Google Scholar

Quilty, L. C., McBride, C., & Bagby, R. M. (2008). Evidence for the cognitive mediational model of cognitive behavioural therapy for depression. Psychological Medicine, 38(11), 1531–1541. doi: doi:10.1017/S0033291708003772Google Scholar

Ramos-Grille, I., Gomà-i-Freixanet, M., Aragay, N., Valero, S., & Vallés, V. (2015). Predicting treatment failure in pathological gambling: The role of personality traits. Addictive Behaviors, 43, 54–59. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.12.010CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Salkovskis, P. M. (2002). Empirically grounded clinical interventions: Cognitive-behavioural therapy progresses through a multi-dimensional approach to clinical science. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 30, 3–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sherry, S. B., Richards, J. E., Sherry, D. L., & Stewart, S. H. (2014). Self-critical perfectionism is a vulnerability factor for depression but not anxiety: A 12-month, 3-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Research in Personality, 52, 1–5. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2014.05.004Google Scholar

Steinert, C., Klein, S., Leweke, F., & Leichsenring, F. (2015). Do personality traits predict outcome of psychodynamically oriented psychosomatic inpatient treatment beyond initial symptoms? British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(1), 109–125. doi: 10.1111/bjc.12064CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Adler, J. M., Turner, A. F., Brookshier, K. M., et al. (2015). Variation in narrative identity is associated with trajectories of mental health over several years. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(3), 476–496. doi: 10.1037/a0038601Google Scholar

Ashmore, R. D., & Jussim, L. J. (1997). Self and Identity: Fundamental Issues. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baumeister, R. (1998). The self. In Gilbert, D. & Fiske, S. (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (pp. 680–740). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar

Beck, A., & Emery, G. (1985). Anxiety Disorders and Phobias: A Cognitive Perspective. New York, NY: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Bergson, H. (1975). Creative Evolution. Westport, CT: Greenwood.Google Scholar

Bhar, S. S. (2014). Reminiscence therapy: A review. In Pachana, N. A. & Laidlaw, K. (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Geropsychology (pp. 675–690). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Bhar, S. S., & Kyrios, M. (2007). An investigation of self-ambivalence in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(8), 1845–1857.Google Scholar

Bhar, S. S., Kyrios, M., & Hordern, C. (in press). Self-ambivalence in the cognitive-behavioural treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder. Psychopathology.Google Scholar

Bosson, J. K., Swann, W. B., Jr., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2000). Stalking the perfect measure of implicit self-esteem: The blind men and the elephant revisited? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(4), 631–643.Google Scholar

Brinthaupt, T. M., & Erwin, L. J. (1992). Reporting about the self: Issues and implications. In Brinthaupt, T. M. & Lipka, R. P. (Eds.), The Self: Definitional and Methodological Issues (pp. 137–171). Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar

Brown, G. W., Bifulco, A., Harris, T., & Bridge, L. (1986). Life stress, chronic subclinical symptoms and vulnerability to clinical depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 11(1), 1–19.Google Scholar

Brown, J. (1988). The Self. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar

Campbell, J. D., Trapnell, P. D., Heine, S. J., et al. (1996). Self-concept clarity: Measurement, personality correlates, and cultural boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(1), 141–156.Google Scholar

Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In Heimberg, R. G. & Liebowitz, M. R. (Eds.), Social Phobia: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment (pp. 69–93). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Cooley, C. H. (1902/1964). Human Nature and the Social Order. New York, NY: Schocken Books.Google Scholar

Creemers, D. H. M., Scholte, R. H. J., Engels, R. C. M. E., Prinstein, M. J., & Wiers, R. W. (2012). Implicit and explicit self-esteem as concurrent predictors of suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, and loneliness. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(1), 638–646. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.006Google Scholar

Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R. K., & Sommers, S. R. (2004). Contingencies of self-worth: Progress and prospects. European Review of Social Psychology, 15, 133–181. doi: 10.1080/10463280440000017CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Crocker, J., & Wolfe, C. T. (2001). Contingencies of self-worth. Psychological Review, 108(3), 593–623. doi: 10.1037//0033-295X.108.3.593Google Scholar

Davis, H., & Unruh, W. R. (1981). The development of the self-schema in adult depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90(2), 125–133.Google Scholar

Deaux, K. (1993). Reconstructing social identity. Personality and Social Psychology, 19(1), 3–12.Google Scholar

Descartes, R. (1967). The Philososophical Works of Descartes (Vol. 1). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Doron, G., Moulding, R., Kyrios, M., & Nedeljkovic, M. (2008). Sensitivity of self-beliefs in obsessive compulsive disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 25(10), 874–884. doi: 10.1002/da.20369Google Scholar

Elliott, A. (2013). Concepts of the Self (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar

Epstein, S. (1973). The self-concept revisited: Or a theory of a theory. American Psychologist, May, 404–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Feiring, C., & Taska, L. S. (1996). Family self-concept: Ideas on its meaning. In Bracken, B. A. (Ed.), Handbook of Self-concept: Developmental, Social, and Clinical Considerations (pp. 317–373). Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar

Fiske, S. (1991). Social Cognition. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar

Freud, S. (1916). Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. In Strachey, J. (Ed.), Standard Edition (Vols. 15–16).Google Scholar

Glashouwer, K. A., & De Jong, P. J. (2010). Disorder-specific automatic self-associations in depression and anxiety: Results of the Netherlands study of depression and anxiety. Psychological Medicine, 40(7), 1101–1111. doi: 10.1017/S0033291709991371Google Scholar

Gray, P. (1994). Psychology (2nd ed.). New York, NY: North Publishers.Google Scholar

Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1464–1480.Google Scholar

Guidano, V. (1987). Complexity of the Self. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Guidano, V., & Liotti, G. (1983). Cognitive Processes and Emotional Disorders. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Harter, S. (2003). The development of self-representations during childhood and adolescence. In Leary, M. R. & Tangney, J. P. (Eds.), Handbook of Self and Identity (pp. 610–642). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Harter, S., & Whitesell, N. R. (2003). Beyond the debate: Why some adolescents report stable self-worth over time and situation, whereas others report changes in self-worth. Journal of Personality, 71(6), 1027–1058.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hattie, J. (2014). Self-Concept. Hoboken, NJ: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar

Hermans, H. J. (1987). Self as an organized system of valuations: Toward a dialogue with the person. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34(1), 10–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hershberger, P. J. (1990). Self-complexity and health promotion: Promising but premature. Psychological Reports, 66(3, Pt 2), 1207–1216.Google Scholar

Higgins, E. T., Bond, R. N., Klein, R., & Strauman, T. (1986). Self-discrepancies and emotional vulnerability: How magnitude, accessibility, and type of discrepancy influence affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(1), 5–15.Google Scholar

Higgins, E. T., Klein, R., & Strauman, T. (1985). Self-concept discrepancy theory: A psychological model for distinguishing among different aspects of depression and anxiety. Social Cognition. Special Issue: Depression, 3(1), 51–76.Google Scholar

Higgins, E. T., Strauman, T., & Klein, R. (1986). Standards and the process of self-evaluation: Multiple affects from multiple stages. In Sorrentino, R. M. & Higgins, E. T. (Eds.), Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior (pp. 23–63). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Hirsch, C. R., Clark, D. M., Mathews, A., & Williams, R. (2003). Self-images play a causal role in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(8), 909–921.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hume, D. (2014). A Treatise of Human Nature. Lanham, MD: Lanham Start Classics.Google Scholar

Jabben, N., de Jong, P. J., Kupka, R. W., et al. (2014). Implicit and explicit self-associations in bipolar disorder: A comparison with healthy controls and unipolar depressive disorder. Psychiatry Research, 215(2), 329–334. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.030Google Scholar

James, K., & Bhar, S. S. (in press). Brief reminiscence intervention improves affect and pessimism in non-clinical individuals: A pilot study. Clinical Psychologist.Google Scholar

James, W. (1890). The Principles of Psychology. Oxford: Holt.Google Scholar

Kalthoff, R. A., & Neimeyer, R. A. (1993). Self-complexity and psychological distress: A test of the buffering model. International Journal of Personal Construct Psychology, 6(4), 327–349.Google Scholar

Kernis, M. H. (2003). Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem. Psychological Inquiry, 14(1), 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Klein, M. (1977). Envy and Gratitude and Other Works 1946–1963. New York, NY: Dell Publishing Co.Google Scholar

Kohut, H. (1971). The Analysis of Self. A Systematic Approach to the Psychoanalytic Treatment of Narcissistic Personality Disorders. New York, NY: International Universities Press.Google Scholar

Kohut, H. (1977). The Restoration of the Self. New York, NY: International Universities Press.Google Scholar

Linville, P. W. (1987). Self-complexity as a cognitive buffer against stress-related illness and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(4), 663–676.Google Scholar

Locke, J. (1960). Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar

MacDonald, M. R., & Kuiper, N. A. (1985). Efficiency and automaticity of self-schema processing in clinical depressives. Motivation & Emotion, 9(2), 171–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Markus, H. (1977). Self-schemata and processing information about the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(2), 63–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Markus, H. (1990). Unresolved issues of self-representation. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(2), 241–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Markus, H., & Kunda, Z. (1986). Stability and malleability of the self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(4), 858–866. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.4.858CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McAdams, D. P., & McLean, K. C. (2013). Narrative identity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(3), 233–238. doi: 10.1177/0963721413475622Google Scholar

McLean, K. C., Pasupathi, M., & Pals, J. L. (2007). Selves creating stories creating Selves: A process model of self-development. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(3), 262–278. doi: 10.1177/1088868307301034CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McNally, R. J. (1993). Self-representation in post-traumatic stress disorder: A cognitive perspective. In Segal, Z. V. & Blatt, S. J. (Eds.), The Self in Emotional Distress: Cognitive and Psychodynamic Perspectives (pp. 71–99). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, Self and Society: From the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist (Ed. with intro by C. W. Morris.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Mill, J. (1869). Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind. London: Longmans.Google Scholar

Niedenthal, P., Setterlund, M., & Wherry, M. (1992). Possible self complexity and affective reactions to goal-relevant evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(1), 5–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Oosterwegel, A., & Oppenheimer, L. (1993). The Self-system: Developmental Changes Between and Within Self-concepts. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.Google Scholar

Pelham, B. & Swann, W. (1989). From self conceptions to self-worth: On the sources and structure of global self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 672–680.Google Scholar

Perera-Delcourt, R., Nash, R. A., & Thorpe, S. J. (2014). Priming moral self-ambivalence heightens deliberative behaviour in self-ambivalent individuals. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 42(6), 682–692. doi: 10.1017/S1352465813000507Google Scholar

Rafaeli-Mor, E., & Steinberg, J. (2002). Self-complexity and well-being: A review and research synthesis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(1), 31–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roberts, J. E., & Monroe, S. M. (1994). A multidimensional model of self-esteem in depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 14(3), 161–181.Google Scholar

Rogers, C. R. (1961). On Becoming a Person. Boston, MA: Houghton MifflinGoogle Scholar

Safran, J., Segal, Z., Hill, C., & Whiffen, V. (1990). Refining strategies for research on self-representations in emotional disorders. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(2), 143–160.Google Scholar

Sargent, J. T., Crocker, J., & Luhtanen, R. K. (2006). Contingencies of self-worth and depressive symptoms in college students. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(6), 628–646.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schlenker, B. R. (1980). Impression Management. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.Google Scholar

Segal, Z. V., & Muran, J. C. (1993). A cognitive perspective on self-representation in depression. In Segal, Z. V. & Blatt, S. J. (Eds.), The Self in Emotional Distress: Cognitive and Psychodynamic Perspectives (pp. 131–170). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Sherif, M. (1967). Social Interaction: Process and Products. Oxford: Aldine.Google Scholar

Singer, J. A. (2004). Narrative identity and meaning making across the adult lifespan: An introduction. Journal of Personality, 72(3), 437–460. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00268.xGoogle Scholar

Solomon, A., & Haaga, D. A. F. (2003). Reconsideration of self-complexity as a buffer against depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(5), 579–591.Google Scholar

Spencer, H. (1963). Education: Intellectual, Moral and Physical. Patterson, NJ: Littelfield.Google Scholar

Stipek, D., Recchia, S., & McClintic, S. (1992). Self-evaluation in young children. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 57(1), 100.Google Scholar

Strauman, T., & Kolden, G. (1997). The self in depression: Research trends and clinical implications. In Session: Psychotherapy in Practice, 3(3), 5–21.Google Scholar

Swann, W. B., Wenzlaff, R. M., Krull, D. S., & Pelham, B. W. (1992). Allure of negative feedback: Self-verification strivings among depressed persons. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101(2), 293–306.Google Scholar

Taylor, J., & Boggiano, A. K. (1987). The effects of task-specific self-schemata on attributions for success and failure. Journal of Research in Personality, 21(3), 375–388.Google Scholar

Tesser, A., Stapel, D., & Wood, J. (2002). Preface. In Tesser, A., Stapel, D. & Wood, J. (Eds.), Self and Motivation: Emerging Psychological Perspectives (pp. ix–x). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar

Tisher, R., Allen, J. S., & Crouch, W. (2014). The self-ambivalence measure: A psychometric investigation. Australian Journal of Psychology, 66(3), 197–206. doi: 10.1111/ajpy.12046Google Scholar

Valiente, C., Cantero, D., Vázquez, C., et al. (2011). Implicit and explicit self-esteem discrepancies in paranoia and depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120(3), 691–699. doi: 10.1037/a0022856Google Scholar

Watson, A. (2014). Who am I? The self/subject according to psychoanalytic theory. SAGE Open, 4(3). doi: 10.1177/2158244014545971Google Scholar

Westen, D. (1992). The cognitive self and the psychoanalytic self: Can we put our selves together? Psychological Inquiry, 3(1), 1–13.Google Scholar

Westen, D., & Cohen, R. (1993). The self in borderline personality disorder: A psychodynamic perspective. In Segal, Z. & Blatt, S. (Eds.), The Self in Emotional Distress: Cognitive and Psychodynamic Perspectives (pp. 334–360).Google Scholar

Wilkinson-Ryan, T., & Westen, D. (2000). Identity disturbance in borderline personality disorder: An empirical investigation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(4), 528–541.Google Scholar

Zeigler-Hill, V. (2006). Discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem: Implications for narcissism and self-esteem instability. Journal of Personality, 74(1), 119–143. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00371.xGoogle Scholar

Zuroff, D. C., Igreja, I., & Mongrain, M. (1990). Dysfunctional attitudes, dependency, and self-criticism as predictors of depressive mood states: A 12-month longitudinal study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(3), 315–326.Google Scholar

Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of Attachment: Assessed in the Strange Situation and At Home. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar

Arndt, J., Schimel, J., Greenberg, J., & Pyszczynski, T. (2002). The intrinsic self and defensiveness: Evidence that activating the intrinsic self reduces self-handicapping and conformity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 671–683.Google Scholar

Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and Anger. New York, NY: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 3. Sadness and Depression. New York, NY: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books. (Orig. ed. 1969.)Google Scholar

Bowlby, J. (1988). A Secure Base: Clinical Applications of Attachment Theory. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult romantic attachment: An integrative overview. In Simpson, J. A. & Rholes, W. S. (Eds.), Attachment Theory and Close Relationships (pp. 46–76). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Brennan, K. A., & Morris, K. A. (1997). Attachment styles, self-esteem, and patterns of seeking feedback from romantic partners. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 23–31.Google Scholar

Broemer, P., & Blumle, M. (2003). Self-views in close relationships: The influence of attachment styles. British Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 445–460.Google Scholar

Caldwell, J. G., Shaver, P. R., Li, C., & Minzenberg, M. J. (2011). Childhood maltreatment, adult attachment, and depression as predictors of parental self-efficacy in at-risk mothers. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 20, 595–616.Google Scholar

Carnelley, K. B., Israel, S., & Brennan, K. (2007). The role of attachment in influencing reactions to manipulated feedback from romantic partners. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 968–986.Google Scholar

Cassidy, J., & Kobak, R. R. (1988). Avoidance and its relationship with other defensive processes. In Belsky, J. & Nezworski, T. (Eds.), Clinical Implications of Attachment (pp. 300–323). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar

Cassidy, J., Ziv, Y., Mehta, T. G., & Feeney, B. C. (2003). Feedback seeking in children and adolescents: Associations with self-perceptions, attachment representations, and depression. Child Development, 74, 612–628.Google Scholar

Catanzaro, A., & Wei, M. (2010). Adult attachment, dependence, self-criticism, and depressive symptoms: A test of a mediational model. Journal of Personality, 78, 1135–1162.Google Scholar

Chen, C., Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., et al. (2012). Insecure attachment, perfectionistic self-presentation, and social disconnection. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 936–941.Google Scholar

Cheng, S. T., & Kwan, K. W. (2008). Attachment dimensions and contingencies of self-worth: The moderating role of culture. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 509–514.Google Scholar

Davaji, R. B. O., Valizadeh, S., & Nikamal, M. (2010). The relationship between attachment styles and suicide ideation: The study of Turkmen students, Iran. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1190–1194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Davila, J. (2001). Refining the association between excessive reassurance seeking and depressive symptoms: The role of related interpersonal constructs. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 20, 538–559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dentale, F., Vecchione, M., De Coro, A., & Barbaranelli, C. (2012). On the relationship between implicit and explicit self-esteem: The moderating role of dismissing attachment. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 173–177.Google Scholar

Dewitte, M., De Houwer, J., & Buysse, A. (2008). On the role of the implicit self-concept in adult attachment. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 24, 282–289.Google Scholar

Dickinson, K. A., & Pincus, A. L. (2003). Interpersonal analysis of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17, 188–207.Google Scholar

Doron, G., Moulding, R., Kyrios, M., Nedeljkovic, M., & Mikulincer, M. (2009). Adult attachment insecurities are related to obsessive compulsive phenomena. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28, 1022–1049.Google Scholar

Doron, G., Moulding, R., Nedeljkovic, M., et al. (2012). Adult attachment insecurities are associated with obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 85(2), 163–178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Doron, G., Szepsenwol, O., Karp, E., & Gal, N. (2013). Obsessing about intimate-relationships: Testing the double relationship-vulnerability hypothesis. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 44(4), 433–440.Google Scholar

Doyle, A. B., & Markiewicz, D. (2009). Attachment style with father and mother in early adolescence: Gender differences and perceived peer competence. European Journal of Developmental Science, 3, 80–93.Google Scholar

Ein-Dor, T., & Doron, G. (2015). Attachment and psychopathology. In Simpson, J. A. & Rholes, W. S. (Eds.), Attachment Theory and Research: New Directions and Emerging Themes (pp. 346–373). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Ein-Dor, T., Doron, G., Solomon, Z., Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2010). Together in pain: Attachment-related dyadic processes and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57(3), 317–327.Google Scholar

Felton, L., & Jowett, S. (2013). Attachment and well-being: The mediating effects of psychological needs satisfaction within the coach–athlete and parent–athlete relational contexts. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14, 57–65.Google Scholar

Foster, J. D., Kernis, M. H., & Goldman, B. M. (2007). Linking adult attachment to self-esteem stability. Self and Identity, 6, 64–73.Google Scholar

Gamble, S. A., & Roberts, J. E. (2005). Adolescents’ perceptions of primary caregivers and cognitive style: The roles of attachment security and gender. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 123–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gjerde, P. F., Onishi, M., & Carlson, K. S. (2004). Personality characteristics associated with romantic attachment: A comparison of interview and self-report methodologies. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1402–1415.Google Scholar

Gnilka, P. B., Ashby, J. S., & Noble, C. M. (2013). Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism as mediators of adult attachment styles and depression, hopelessness, and life satisfaction. Journal of Counseling & Development, 91, 78–86.Google Scholar

Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464–1480.Google Scholar

Hart, J. J., Shaver, P. R., & Goldenberg, J. L. (2005). Attachment, self-esteem, worldviews, and terror management: Evidence for a tripartite security system. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 999–1013.Google Scholar

Hepper, E. G., & Carnelley, K. B. (2010). Adult attachment and feedback-seeking patterns in relationships and work. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 448–464.Google Scholar

Hepper, E. G., & Carnelley, K. B. (2012). The self-esteem roller coaster: Adult attachment moderates the impact of daily feedback. Personal Relationships, 19, 504–520.Google Scholar

Illing, V., Tasca, G. A., Balfour, L., & Bissada, H. (2010). Attachment insecurity predicts eating disorder symptoms and treatment outcomes in a clinical sample of women. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198, 653–659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jenkins-Guarnieri, M. A., Wright, S. L., & Hudiburgh, L. M. (2012). The relationships among attachment style, personality traits, interpersonal competency, and Facebook use. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 33, 294–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kazarian, S. S., & Martin, R. A. (2004). Humor styles, personality, and well-being among Lebanese university students. European Journal of Personality, 18, 209–219.Google Scholar

Knee, C. R., Canevello, A., Bush, A. L., & Cook, A. (2008). Relationship-contingent self-esteem and the ups and downs of romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 608–627.Google Scholar

Kohut, H. (1984). How Does Analysis Cure? Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kumashiro, M., & Sedikides, C. (2005). Taking on board liability-focused information: Close positive relationships as a self-bolstering resource. Psychological Science, 16, 732–739.Google Scholar

Lee, A., & Hankin, B. L. (2009). Non-secure attachment, dysfunctional attitudes, and low self-esteem predicting prospective symptoms of depression and anxiety during adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 38, 219–231.Google Scholar

Lopez, F. G., & Gormley, B. (2002). Stability and change in adult attachment style over the first-year college transition: Relations to self-confidence, coping, and distress patterns. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 355–364.Google Scholar

Man, K. O., & Hamid, P. (1998). The relationship between attachment prototypes, self-esteem, loneliness, and causal attributions in Chinese trainee teachers. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 357–371.Google Scholar

Marganska, A., Gallagher, M., & Miranda, R. (2013). Adult attachment, emotion dysregulation, and symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety disorder. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 83, 131–141.Google Scholar

McWilliams, L. A., & Holmberg, D. (2010). Adult attachment and pain catastrophizing for self and significant other. Pain, 149, 278–283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mikulincer, M. (1995). Attachment style and the mental representation of the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 1203–1215.Google Scholar

Mikulincer, M. (1998). Adult attachment style and affect regulation: Strategic variations in self-appraisals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 420–435.Google Scholar

Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2004). Security-based self-representations in adulthood: Contents and processes. In Rholes, W. S. & Simpson, J. A. (Eds.), Adult Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Implications (pp. 159–195). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Attachment Patterns in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and Change. New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2015). An attachment perspective on prosocial attitudes and behavior. In Schroeder, D. A. & Graziano, W. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Prosocial Behavior. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity, 9, 225–240.Google Scholar

Park, L. E., Crocker, J., & Mickelson, K. D. (2004). Attachment styles and contingencies of self-worth. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1243–1254.Google Scholar

Rogers, C. R. (1961). On Becoming A Person. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar

Rohmann, E., Neumann, E., Herner, M. J., & Bierhoff, M. H. W. (2012). Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: Self-construal, attachment, and love in romantic relationship. European Psychologist, 17, 279–290.Google Scholar

Rothman, A. M., & Steil, J. M. (2012). Adolescent attachment and entitlement in a world of wealth. Journal of Infant, Child & Adolescent Psychotherapy, 11, 53–65.Google Scholar

Saroglou, V., & Scariot, C. (2002). Humor Styles Questionnaire: Personality and educational correlates in Belgian high school and college students. European Journal of Personality, 16, 43–54.Google Scholar

Schachner, D. A., & Shaver, P. R. (2004). Attachment dimensions and sexual motives. Personal Relationships, 11, 179–195.Google Scholar

Schimel, J., Arndt, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Greenberg, J. (2001). Being accepted for who we are: Evidence that social validation of the intrinsic self reduces general defensiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 35–52.Google Scholar

Schmitt, D. P., & Allik, J. (2005). Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in 53 nations: Exploring the universal and culture-specific features of global self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 623–642.Google Scholar

Slotter, E. B., & Gardner, W. L. (2012). How needing you changes me: The influence of attachment anxiety on self-concept malleability in romantic relationships. Self and Identity, 11, 386–408.Google Scholar

Srivastava, S., & Beer, J. S. (2005). How self-evaluations relate to being liked by others: Integrating sociometer and attachment perspectives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 966–977.Google Scholar

Sumer, N., & Cozzarelli, C. (2004). The impact of adult attachment on partner and self-attributions and relationship quality. Personal Relationships, 11, 355–371.Google Scholar

Thompson, R. A. (2008). Early attachment and later development: Familiar questions, new answers. In Cassidy, J. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications (2nd ed., pp. 348–365). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Tolmacz, R., & Mikulincer, M. (2011). The sense of entitlement in romantic relationships: Scale construction, factor structure, construct validity, and its associations with attachment orientations. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 28, 75–94.Google Scholar

Ulu, I. P., & Tezer, E. (2010). Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, adult attachment, and big five personality traits. Journal of Psychology, 144, 327–340.Google Scholar

Wei, M., Heppner, P. P., Russell, D. W., & Young, S. K. (2006). Maladaptive perfectionism and ineffective coping as mediators between attachment and future depression: A prospective analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 67.Google Scholar

Wei, M., & Ku, T. (2007). Testing a conceptual model of working through self-defeating patterns. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 295–305.Google Scholar

Wiseman, H., Mayseless, O., & Sharabany, R. (2005). Why are they lonely? Perceived quality of early relationships with parents, attachment, personality predispositions, and loneliness in first-year university students. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 237–248.Google Scholar

Zeifman, D., & Hazan, C. (2008). Pair bonds as attachments: Reevaluating the evidence. In Cassidy, J. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications (2nd ed., pp. 436–455). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Zuroff, D. C., & Fitzpatrick, D. K. (1995). Depressive personality styles: Implications for adult attachment. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 253–365.Google Scholar