Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T11:39:35.942Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 17 - Miscellaneous paediatric conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2014

By
Kathryn Price  and
Akinwanda Adedapo
Edited by
Sattar Alshryda ,
Stan Jones  and
Paul A. Banaszkiewicz
Kathryn Price
Affiliation:
Queen’s Medical Centre
Akinwanda Adedapo
Affiliation:
James Cook University Hospital
Sattar Alshryda
Affiliation:
Royal Manchester Children's Hospital
Stan Jones
Affiliation:
Sheffield Children’s Hospital
Paul A. Banaszkiewicz
Affiliation:
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead
Get access

Summary

Non-accidental injury

Background

Ambrose Tardieu first reported non-accidental injury (NAI) in 1860, noting the correlation between cutaneous lesions, fractures, subdural haematomas and death [1]. Caffey again highlighted the association between long bone fractures and subdural haematomas in 1946 [2]. However, it was Henry Kempe who raised the profile of NAI in 1962 when he coined the term ‘battered-child syndrome’ [3]. He described the association between multiple fractures, subdural haematomas, failure to thrive, soft-tissue swelling or bruising and sudden unexplained death. He also highlighted the importance of situations in which the type or degree of injury did not correlate with the history. The US Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) defines child abuse and neglect as:

Any act or failure to act resulting in imminent risk of death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation of a child by a parent or caretaker who is responsible for a child’s welfare.

Child abuse is more common than most would expect; it is estimated that 7% of children suffer serious physical abuse. Studies suggest that 25% of fatally abused children had been seen recently by a healthcare provider [4].

Type
Chapter
Information
Postgraduate Paediatric Orthopaedics
The Candidate's Guide to the FRCS (Tr and Orth) Examination
 , pp. 249 - 262
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Tardieu, A (1860) Etude médico-légale sur les sévices et mauvais traitements exercés sur des enfants. Annales d’hygiène publique et de médecine légale 13:361–98.Google Scholar
Caffey, J (1946) Multiple fractures in the long bones of infants suffering from chronic subdural hematoma. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther 56(2):163–73.Google Scholar
Kempe, CH, Silverman, FN, Steele, BF, Droegemueller, W and Silver, HK (1962) The battered-child syndrome. JAMA 181:17–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lucas, DR, Wezner, KC, Milner, JS et al. (2002) Victim, perpetrator, family, and incident characteristics of infant and child homicide in the United States Air Force. Child Abuse Negl 26(2):167–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morrissy, RT and Weinstein, SL (2005) Lovell and Winter’s Pediatric Orthopaedics, 6th edition, volume 1. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Google Scholar
Herring, JA (2008) Tachdjian’s Pediatric Orthopaedics, 4th edition, volume 1. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.Google Scholar
Jayakumar, P, Barry, M and Ramachandran, M (2010) Orthopaedic aspects of paediatric non-accidental injury. J Bone Joint Surg Br 92(2):189–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wheeler, DM and Hobbs, CJ (1988) Mistakes in diagnosing non-accidental injury: 10 years’ experience. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 296(6631):1233–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
General Medical Council (2012) Protecting Children and Young People: The Responsibilities of All Doctors. Manchester: GMC.Google Scholar
Judge, DP and Dietz, HC (2005) Marfan’s syndrome. Lancet 366(9501):1965–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Paepe, A, Devereux, RB, Dietz, HC, Hennekam, RC and Pyeritz, RE (1996) Revised diagnostic criteria for the Marfan syndrome. Am J Med Genet 62(4):417–26.3.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kantor, R, Salai, M and Ganel, A (1997) Orthopaedic long term aspects of bladder exstrophy. Clin Orthop Relat Res 335:240–5.Google Scholar
Yazici, M, Kandemir, U, Atilla, B and Eryilmaz, M (1999) Rotational profile of lower extremities in bladder exstrophy patients with unapproximated pelvis: a clinical and radiologic study in children older than 7 years. J Pediatr Orthop 19(4):531–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Canavese, F, Krajbich, JI (2011) Resection of plexiform neurofibromas in children with neurofibromatosis Type 1. J Pediatr Orthop 31(3):303–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferrari, A, Bisogno, G, Macaluso, A et al. (2007) Soft-tissue sarcomas in children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1. Cancer 109(7):1406–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stans, AA (2005) Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. In Lovell and Winter’s Pediatric Orthopaedics, 6th edition, volume 1, ed. Morrissy, RT and Weinstein, SL. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 440–80.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×