Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-995ml Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-29T14:13:36.686Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Section 4 - Children’s Orthopaedics/Hand and Upper Limb

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 November 2019

Paul A. Banaszkiewicz
Affiliation:
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead
Deiary F. Kader
Affiliation:
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Postgraduate Orthopaedics
Viva Guide for the FRCS (Tr & Orth) Examination
, pp. 351 - 428
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ng, CY, McQueen, M. What are the radiological predictors of functional outcome following fractures of the distal radius? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011;93(2):145150.Google Scholar
Costa, ML, Achten, J, Plant, C, et al. UK DRAFFT: a randomised controlled trial of percutaneous fixation with Kirschner wires versus volar locking-plate fixation in the treatment of adult patients with a dorsally displaced fracture of the distal radius. Health Technol Assess. 2015;19(17).Google ScholarPubMed
Leung, F, Kwan, K, Fang, C. Distal radius fractures: current concepts and management. Focus on series, Bone Joint. 2013.Google Scholar
Clay, NR, Dias, JJ, Costigan, PS, et al. Need the thumb be immobilised in scaphoid fractures? A randomised prospective trial. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 1991;73B(5):828832.Google Scholar
Dawson, JS, Martel, AL, Davis, TR. Scaphoid blood flow and acute fracture healing: a dynamic MRI study with enhancement with gadolinium. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 2001;83B:809814.Google Scholar
Gelberman, RH, Menon, J. The vascularity of the scaphoid bone. J Hand Surg Am. 1980;5:508513.Google Scholar
Suh, N, Benson, EC, Faber, KJ, MacDermid, J, Grewal, R. Treatment of acute scaphoid fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hand. 2010;5:345353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patel, PD, Richard, MJ. Scaphoid fracture: open reduction internal fixation. Oper Tech Sports Med. 2010;18:139145.Google Scholar
Modi, CS, Nancoo, T, Powers, D, et al. Operative versus nonoperative treatment of acute undisplaced and minimally displaced scaphoid waist fractures – a systematic review. Injury. 2009;40:268273.Google Scholar
Haddad, FS, Goddard, NJ. Acute percutaneous scaphoid fixation: a pilot study. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 1998;80:9599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramamurthy, C, Cutler, L, Nuttall, D, et al. The factors affecting outcome after nonvascular bone grafting and internal fixation for non-union of the scaphoid. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 2007;89B:627632.Google Scholar
Thompson, NW, Kapoor, A, Thomas, J, Hayton, MJ. The use of a vascularised periosteal patch onlay graft in the management of non-union of the proximal scaphoid. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 2008;90B:15971601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaidemberg, C, Siebert, JW, Angrigiani, C. A new vascularized bone graft for scaphoid nonunion. J Hand Surg Am. 1991;16(3):474478.Google Scholar
Grennan, DM, Gray, J, Loudon, J, Fear, S. Methotrexate and early postoperative complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60:214217.Google Scholar
Scanzello, CR, Figgie, MP, Nestor, BJ, Goodman, SM. Perioperative management of medications used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. HSS J. 2006;2(2):141147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, TR, Brady, O, Barton, NJ, Lunn, PG, Burke, FD. Trapeziectomy alone, with tendon interposition or with ligament reconstruction? J Hand Surg Br. 1997;22(6):689694.Google Scholar
Gangopadhyay, S, McKenna, H, Burke, FD, Davis, TR. Five- to 18-year follow-up for treatment of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis: a prospective comparison of excision, tendon interposition, and ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition. J Hand Surg Am. 2012;37(3):411417.Google Scholar
Kanavel, A. Infections of the Hand: A Guide to the Surgical Treatment of Acute and Chronic Suppurative Processes in the Fingers. London: Balliere, Tindall and Cox; 1939.Google Scholar
Lille, S, Hayakawa, T, Neumeister, MW, et al. Continuous postoperative catheter irrigation is not necessary for the treatment of suppurative flexor tenosynovitis. J Hand Surg (Br). 2000;25(3):304307.Google Scholar
Bishop, AT, Cooney, WP 3rd, Wood, MB. Treatment of partial flexor tendon lacerations: the effect of tenorrhaphy and early protected mobilisation. J Trauma. 1986;26(4):301312.Google Scholar
Pruitt, DL, Manske, PR, Fink, B. Cyclic stress analysis of flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg (Am). 1991;16(4):701707.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trumble, TE, Vedder, NB, Seiler, JG 3rd, et al. Zone-II flexor tendon repair: a randomised prospective trial of active place-and-hold therapy compared with passive motion therapy. J Bone Joint Surg (Am). 2013;38:18001802.Google Scholar
O’Connor, MI, Bancroft, LW. Benign and malignant cartilage tumours of the hand. Hand Clin. 2004;20(3):317323.Google Scholar
Athanasian, EA. Bone and soft tissue tumours. In Green, DP, Hotchkiss, RN, Pederson, WC et al. (Eds.), Green’s Operative Hand Surgery, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2005: pp. 22112263.Google Scholar
Hindocha, S, Stanley, JK, Watson, S, Bayat, A. Dupuytren’s diathesis revisited: evaluation of prognostic indicators for risk of disease recurrence. J Hand Surg Am. 2006;31(10):16261634.Google Scholar
Hayton, MJ, Gray, ICM. Dupuytren’s contracture: a review. Curr Orthop. 2003;17:17.Google Scholar
Hurst, LC, Badalamente, MA, Hentz, VR, et al. Injectable collagenase Clostridium histolyticum for Dupuytren’s contracture. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(10):968979.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gelberman, RH, Bauman, TD, Menon, J, Akeson, WH. The vascularity of the lunate bone and Kienbock’s disease. J Hand Surg Am. 1980;5(3):272278.Google Scholar

References

Alshryda, S, Jones, S, Banaszkiewicz, P. Postgraduate Paediatric Orthopaedics: The Candidate’s Guide to the FRCS (Tr and Orth) Examination. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loder, RT, Richards, BS, Shapiro, PS, Reznick, LR, Aronson, DD. Acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis: the importance of physeal stability. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75(8):11341140.Google Scholar
Alshryda, S, Tsang, K, Chytas, A, et al. Evidence based treatment for unstable slipped upper femoral epiphysis: systematic review and exploratory patient level analysis. The Surgeon. 2018;16(1):4654.Google Scholar
Alshryda, S, Tsang, K, Ahmed, M, Adepapo, A, Montgomery, R. Severe slipped upper femoral epiphysis; fish osteotomy versus pinning-in-situ: an eleven year perspective. The Surgeon. 2014;12(5):244248.Google Scholar
Jerre, R, Billing, L, Hansson, G, Wallin, J. The contralateral hip in patients primarily treated for unilateral slipped upper femoral epiphysis. Long-term follow-up of 61 hips. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1994;76(4):563567.Google Scholar
Phillips, PM, Phadnis, J, Willoughby, R, Hunt, L. Posterior sloping angle as a predictor of contralateral slip in slipped capital femoral epiphysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95(2):146150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stasikelis, PJ, Sullivan, CM, Phillips, WA, Polard, JA. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Prediction of contralateral involvement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996; 78(8):11491155.Google Scholar
Parsch, K, Weller, S, Parsch, D. Open reduction and smooth Kirschner wire fixation for unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009;29(1):18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ziebarth, K, Zilkens, C, Spencer, S, Leunig, M, Ganz, R, Kim, Y-J. Capital realignment for moderate and severe SCFE using a modified Dunn procedure. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467(3):704716.Google Scholar
Naseem, H, Chatterji, S, Tsang, K, Hakimi, M, Chytas, A, Alshryda, S. Treatment of stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis: systematic review and exploratory patient level analysis. J Orthop Traumatol. 2017;18:469.Google Scholar
British Orthopaedic Association. BOAST11. Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. 2014.Google Scholar
Isaacs, H, Handelsman, JE, Badenhorst, M, Pickering, A. The muscles in club foot – a histological histochemical and electron microscopic study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1977;59B(4):465472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, DH, Katz, JM. A histochemical study of muscle in club foot. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1981;63B(3):417423.Google Scholar
Wynne-Davies, R. Genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of talipes equinovarus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1972;84:913.Google Scholar
Sharon-Weiner, M, Sukenik-Halevy, R, Tepper, R, Fishman, A, Biron-Shental, T, Markovitch, O. Diagnostic accuracy, work-up, and outcomes of pregnancies with clubfoot detected by prenatal sonography. Prenat Diagn. 2017;37(8):754763.Google Scholar
Ponseti, IV, Morcuende, JA. Current management of idiopathic clubfoot questionnaire: a multicenter study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2004;24(4):448.Google Scholar
Ponseti, IV, Smoley, EN. Congenital club foot: the result of treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1963;45(A(2)):261344.Google Scholar
Huntley, JS. What is the best treatment for paediatric trigger thumb (acquired thumb flexion contracture)? In Alshryda, S, Huntley, JS, Banaszkiewicz, P (Eds.), Paediatric Orthopaedics: An Evidence-Based Approach to Clinical Questions. Cham: Springer; 2016.Google Scholar
Caird, MS, Flynn, JM, Leung, YL, Millman, JE, D’Italia, JG, Dormans, JP. Factors distinguishing septic arthritis from transient synovitis of the hip in children. A prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88(6):12511257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maharajan, K, Patro, DK, Menon, J, et al. Serum procalcitonin is a sensitive and specific marker in the diagnosis of septic arthritis and acute osteomyelitis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2013;8:19.Google Scholar
Zhao, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, L, et al. Serum procalcitonin levels as a diagnostic marker for septic arthritis: a meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(8):11661171.Google Scholar
Kocher, MS, Zurakowski, D, Kasser, JR. Differentiating between septic arthritis and transient synovitis of the hip in children: an evidence-based clinical prediction algorithm. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;81(12):16621670.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kocher, MS, Mandiga, R, Zurakowski, D, Barnewolt, C, Kasser, JR. Validation of a clinical prediction rule for the differentiation between septic arthritis and transient synovitis of the hip in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86A(8):16291635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herring, JA, Kim, HT, Browne, R. Legg–Calve–Perthes disease. Part II: Prospective multicenter study of the effect of treatment on outcome. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86A(10):21212134.Google Scholar
Wiig, O, Terjesen, T, Svenningsen, S. Prognostic factors and outcome of treatment in Perthes’ disease: a prospective study of 368 patients with five-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008;90(10):13641371.Google Scholar
Wright, JG. Evidence-Based Orthopaedics. The Best Answers to Clinical Questions, ed. Wright, J.. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2009.Google Scholar
Daly, K, Bruce, C, Catterall, A. Lateral shelf acetabuloplasty in Perthes’ disease. A review of the end of growth. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999;81(3):380384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domzalski, ME, Glutting, J, Bowen, JR, Littleton, AG. Lateral acetabular growth stimulation following a labral support procedure in Legg–Calve–Perthes disease. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88(7):14581466.Google Scholar
Bankes, MJ, Catterall, A, Hashemi-Nejad, A. Valgus extension osteotomy for ‘hinge abduction’ in Perthes’ disease. Results at maturity and factors influencing the radiological outcome. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000;82(4):548554.Google Scholar
Segev, E, Ezra, E, Wientraub, S, Yaniv, M, Hayek, S, Hemo, Y. Treatment of severe late-onset Perthes’ disease with soft tissue release and articulated hip distraction: revisited at skeletal maturity. J Child Orthop. 2007;1(4):229235.Google Scholar
Laklouk, MA, Hosny, GA. Hinged distraction of the hip joint in the treatment of Perthes disease: evaluation at skeletal maturity. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2012;21(5):386393.Google Scholar
Davids, JR, Blackhurst, DW, Allen, BL. Jr Clinical evaluation of bowed legs in children. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2000;9(4):278284.Google Scholar
Levine, AM, Drennan, JC. Physiological bowing and tibia vara. The metaphyseal–diaphyseal angle in the measurement of bowleg deformities. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64(8):11581163.Google Scholar
O’Neill, DA, MacEwen, GD. Early roentgenographic evaluation of bowlegged children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1982;2(5):547553.Google Scholar
McCarthy, JJ, Betz, RR, Kim, A, Davids, JR, Davidson, RS. Early radiographic differentiation of infantile tibia vara from physiologic bowing using the femoral–tibial ratio. J Pediatr Orthop. 2001;21(4):545548.Google Scholar
Herring, JA (Ed.). Tachdjians Pediatric Orthopaedics, Vol. 1. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2008.Google Scholar
Raney, EM, Topoleski, TA, Yaghoubian, R, Guidera, KJ, Marshall, JG. Orthotic treatment of infantile tibia vara. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18(5):670674.Google Scholar
Richards, BS, Katz, DE, Sims, JB. Effectiveness of brace treatment in early infantile Blount’s disease. J Ped Orthopaed. 1998;18(3):374380.Google Scholar
Ramsey, PL, Lasser, S, MacEwen, GD. Congenital dislocation of the hip: use of the Pavlik harness in the child during the first six months of life. 1976. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84A(8):1478; discussion 1478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×