Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-20T03:43:21.664Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 August 2009

Stefan Leucht
Affiliation:
Technische Universität München
Tonja Burkard
Affiliation:
Technische Universität München
John H. Henderson
Affiliation:
St George's Hospital Medical School (Emeritus)
Mario Maj
Affiliation:
Università di Napoli
Norman Sartorius
Affiliation:
Université de Genève
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Physical Illness and Schizophrenia
A Review of the Evidence
, pp. 177 - 201
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abraham, G., Paing, W. W., Kaminski, J.et al. (2003) Effects of elevated serum prolactin on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in female patients with schizophrenia: a prospective study. Am. J. Psychiatry 160, 1618–1620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, P. F., Marano, M. A. (1995) Current estimates for the National Health Interview Survey, 1994. Vital Health Stat. 10, 1–260.Google Scholar
Aizenberg, D., Zemishlany, Z., Dorfman-Etrog, P., Weizman, A. (1995) Sexual dysfunction in male schizophrenic patients. J. Clin. Psychiatry 56, 137–141.Google Scholar
Aleman, A., Kahn, R. S., Selten, J. P. (2003) Sex differences in the risk of schizophrenia: evidence from meta-analysis. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 60, 565–571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allebeck, P. (1989) Schizophrenia: a life-shortening disease. Schizophr. Bull. 15, 81–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allebeck, P., Rodvall, Y., Wistedt, B. (1985) Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis among patients with schizophrenia, affective psychosis and neurosis. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 71, 615–619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allison, D. B., Fontaine, K. R., Heo, M.et al. (1999a) The distribution of body mass index among individuals with and without schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychiatry 60, 215–220.Google Scholar
Allison, D. B., Mentore, J. L., Heo, M.et al. (1999b) Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis. Am. J. Psychiatry 156, 1686–1696.Google Scholar
Alvarez, L. M., Castillo, S. T., Perez Zuno, J. A.et al. (1995) [Activity of aryl sulfatase A enzyme in patients with schizophrenic disorders]. Rev. Invest. Clin. 47, 387–392.Google Scholar
American Diabetes Association (2006) Clinical practice recommendations. Diabetes Care29. Available online at http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/vol29/suppl_1/.
American Diabetes Association, American Psychiatric Association, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, North American Association for the Study of Obesity (2004) Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care 27, 596–601.
Apostolakis, M., Kapetanakis, S. (1972) Plasma prolactin activity in patients with galactorrhea after treatment with psychotropic drugs. In Lactogenic Hormones, ed. Wolstenholme, G. E. W. and Knight, J.. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, pp. 349–359.
Arce, C. R., Baca-Garcia, E., Diaz-Sastre, C., Baca, B. E. (1999) [Analytical thyroid disturbances in psychiatric inpatients.]Actas Esp. Psiquiatr. 27, 35–42.Google Scholar
Ataya, K., Mercado, A., Kartaginer, J., Abbasi, A., Moghissi, K. S. (1988) Bone density and reproductive hormones in patients with neuroleptic-induced hyperprolactinemia. Fertil. Steril. 50, 876–881.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, S. A., Ward, W. E. (2001) Clinical nutrition: 2. The role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of adult osteoporosis. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 165, 1511–1514.Google Scholar
Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Montanes, F., Lastra, I., Picazo, d.l.G., Ayuso-Gutierrez, J. L. (1997) human immunodeficiency virus infection in psychiatric patients: an unlinked anonymous study. Br. J. Psychiatry 170, 181–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baastrup, P. C., Christiansen, C., Transbol, I. (1980) Calcium metabolism in schizophrenic patients on long-term neuroleptic therapy. Neuropsychobiology 6, 56–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagedahl-Strindlund, M. (1986) Mentally ill mothers and their children: an epidemiological study of antenatal care consumption, obstetric conditions, and neonatal health. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 74, 32–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baillargeon, J., Ducate, S., Pulvino, J.et al. (2003) The association of psychiatric disorders and human immunodeficiency virus infection in the correctional setting. Ann. Epidemiol. 13, 606–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldwin, J. A. (1979) Schizophrenia and physical disease. Psychol. Med. 9, 611–618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballenger, J. C., Post, R. M., Sternberg, D. E.et al. (1979) Headaches after lumbar puncture and insensitivity to pain in psychiatric patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 301, 110.Google Scholar
Ban, T. A., Guy, W., Wilson, W. H. (1985) Neuroleptic-induced skin pigmentation in chronic hospitalized schizophrenic patients. Can. J. Psychiatry 30, 406–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barak, Y., Achiron, A., Mandel, M., Mirecki, I., Aizenberg, D. (2005) Reduced cancer incidence among patients with schizophrenia. Cancer 104, 2817–2821.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basu, R., Brar, J. S., Chengappa, K. N.et al. (2004) The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizoaffective disorder–bipolar subtype. Bipolar Disord. 6, 314–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxter, D., Appleby, L. (1999) Case register study of suicide risk in mental disorders. Br. J. Psychiatry 175, 322–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaumont, J. G., Dimond, S. J. (1973) Brain disconnection and schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 123, 661–662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benca, R. M., Obermeyer, W. H., Thisted, R. A., Gillin, J. C. (1992) Sleep and psychiatric disorders: a meta-analysis. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 49, 651–668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennedsen, B. E. (1998) Adverse pregnancy outcome in schizophrenic women: occurrence and risk factors. Schizophr. Res. 33, 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennedsen, B. E., Mortensen, P. B., Olesen, A. V., Henriksen, T. B. (1999) Preterm birth and intra-uterine growth retardation among children of women with schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 175, 239–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennedsen, B. E., Mortensen, P. B., Olesen, A. V., Henriksen, T. B. (2001a) Congenital malformations, stillbirths, and infant deaths among children of women with schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 58, 674–679.Google Scholar
Bennedsen, B. E., Mortensen, P. B., Olesen, A. V., Henriksen, T. B., Frydenberg, M. (2001b) Obstetric complications in women with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 47, 167–175.Google Scholar
Bennett, N., Dodd, T., Flatley, J., Freeth, S., Bolling, K. (1995) Health Survey for England 1993. London: HMSO.
Bergemann, N., Auler, B., Parzer, P.et al. (2001) High bone turnover but normal bone mineral density in women with schizophrenia. Bone 28, 248.Google Scholar
Bernstein, L., Ross, R. K. (1993) Endogenous hormones and breast cancer risk. Epidemiol. Rev. 15, 48–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernstein, L., Ross, R. K., Pike, M. C., Brown, J. B., Henderson, B. E. (1990) Hormone levels in older women: a study of post-menopausal breast cancer patients and healthy population controls. Br. J. Cancer 61, 298–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bilici, M., Cakirbay, H., Guler, M.et al. (2002) Classical and atypical neuroleptics, and bone mineral density, in patients with schizophrenia. Int. J. Neurosci. 112, 817–828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, J. R., Alexander, B., Lund, B. C., Klepser, T. B. (2004) Osteoporosis screening and treatment in women with schizophrenia: a controlled study. Pharmacotherapy 24, 515–521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, D. W., Winokur, G., Warrack, G. (1985) Suicide in schizophrenia: the Iowa Record Linkage Study. J. Clin. Psychiatry 46, 14–17.Google Scholar
Blackburn, H., Keys, A., Simonson, E., Rautaharju, P., Punsar, S. (1960) Electrocardiogram in population studies. Circulation 21, 1160–1175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blank, M. B., Mandell, D. S., Aiken, L., Hadley, T. R. (2002) Co-occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus and serious mental illness among Medicaid recipients. Psychiatr. Serv. 53, 868–873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bleuler, E. (1911) Textbook of Psychiatry. New York: Dover Publications.
Blohmke, M., Koschorrek, B., Stelzer, O. (1970) Häufigkeiten von Risikofaktoren der koronaren Herzkrankheiten in verschiedenen Altersgruppen und sozialen Schichten bei Männern. Z. Geront. 3, 201.Google Scholar
Blum, A., Tempey, F. W., Lynch, W. J. (1983) Somatic findings in patients with psychogenic polydipsia. J. Clin. Psychiatry 44, 55–56.Google Scholar
Blumensohn, R., Ringler, D., Eli, I. (2002) Pain perception in patients with schizophrenia. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 190, 481–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonney, W. W., Gupta, S., Hunter, D. R., Arndt, S. (1997) Bladder dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 25, 243–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowie, C. R., Harvey, P. D. (2005) Cognition in schizophrenia: impairments, determinants, and functional importance. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 28, 613–633, 626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bracken, P., Coll, P. (1985) Homocystinuria and schizophrenia: literature review and case report. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 173, 51–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bremner, A. J., Regan, A. (1991) Intoxicated by water: polydipsia and water intoxication in a mental handicap hospital. Br. J. Psychiatry 158, 244–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brookes, G., Ahmed, A. G. (2002) Pharmacological treatments for psychosis-related polydipsia. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. CD003544.CrossRef
Brown, J. S. Jr. (1996) Geographic correlation of multiple sclerosis with tick-borne diseases. Mult. Scler. 1, 257–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, S. (1997) Excess mortality of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Br. J. Psychiatry 171, 502–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, S., Birtwistle, J., Roe, L., Thompson, C. (1999) The unhealthy lifestyle of people with schizophrenia. Psychol. Med. 29, 697–701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, S., Inskip, H., Barraclough, B. (2000) Causes of the excess mortality of schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 177, 212–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bundesgesundheitsministerium der BRD (1991) Daten des Gesundheitswesens. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
Burkitt, E. A., Khan, K. (1973) Myasthenia gravis and schizophrenia: a rare combination. Br. J. Psychiatry 122, 735–736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bushe, C., Holt, R. (2004) Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in patients with schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry (Suppl.) 47, S67–S71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cadalbert, M., Fenner, A., Schamaun, M. (1970) [Functional megacolon in mental patients.]Helv. Chir. Acta 37, 181–184.Google Scholar
Campbell, E. B., Foley, S. (2004) Coeliac disease and schizophrenia: data do not support hypothesis. Br. Med. J. 328, 1017.Google Scholar
Canuso, C. M., Goldstein, J. M., Wojcik, J.et al. (2002) Antipsychotic medication, prolactin elevation, and ovarian function in women with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Psychiatr. Res. 111, 11–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casadebaig, F., Philippe, A., Guillaud-Bataille, J. M.et al. (1997) Schizophrenic patients: physical health and access to somatic care. Eur. Psychiatry 12, 289–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casey, D. E. (1993) Neuroleptic-induced acute extrapyramidal syndromes and tardive dystinesia. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 16, 589–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chafetz, L., White, M. C., Collins-Bride, G., Nickens, J. (2005) The poor general health of the severely mentally ill: impact of schizophrenic diagnosis. Commun. Ment. Health J. 41, 169–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaudhury, S., Chandra, S., Augustine, M. (1994) Prevalence of Australia-antigen (Hbsag) in institutionalized patients with psychosis. Br. J. Psychiatry 164, 542–543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, C. H. (1994) Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among Chinese psychiatric patients in Taiwan. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 89, 441–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, H. S., Wang, L. C. (2005) Intestinal parasites may not cause nosocomial infections in psychiatric hospitals. Parasitol. Res. 95, 358–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chong, S. A., Tan, L. L., Wong, M. C.et al. (1997) Disordered water homeostasis in Asian patients with schizophrenia. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 31, 869–873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chong, S. A., Mythily, Lum A., Goh, H. Y., Chan, Y. H. (2003) Prolonged QTc intervals in medicated patients with schizophrenia. Hum. Psychopharmacol. 18, 647–649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chopra, I. J., Solomon, D. H., Huang, T. S. (1990) Serum thyrotropin in hospitalized psychiatric patients: evidence for hyperthyrotropinemia as measured by an ultrasensitive thyrotropin assay. Metabolism 39, 538–543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cividini, A., Pistorio, A., Regazzetti, A.et al. (1997) Hepatitis C virus infection among institutionalized psychiatric patients: a regression analysis of indicators of risk. J. Hepatol. 27, 455–463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, D. J., Buckley, M. E. (1989) Familial association of albinism and schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 155, 551–553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clevenger, C. V., Furth, P. A., Hankinson, S. E., Schuler, L. A. (2003) The role of prolactin in mammary carcinoma. Endocr. Rev. 24, 1–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cnattingius, S., Mills, J. L., Yuen, J., Eriksson, O., Salonen, H. (1997) The paradoxical effect of smoking in preeclamptic pregnancies: smoking reduces the incidence but increases the rates of perinatal mortality, abruptio placentae, and intrauterine growth restriction. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 177, 156–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coghlan, R., Lawrence, D., Holman, D'A., Jablensky, A. (2001) Duty to Care: Physical Illness in People with Mental Illness. Perth, WA: University of Western Australia, Department of Public Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science. Available online at www.populationhealth.uwa.edu.au/dutytocare
Cohen, A. J., Roe, F. J. (2000) Review of risk factors for osteoporosis with particular reference to a possible aetiological role of dietary salt. Food Chem. Toxicol. 38, 237–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, D., Gispen-de Wied, C. C. (2003) [Schizophrenia and diabetes mellitus: not an improbable combination.]Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 147, 993–996.Google Scholar
Cohen, H., Loewenthal, U., Matar, M., Kotler, M. (2001) [Heart rate variability in schizophrenic patients treated with antipsychotic agents.]Harefuah 140, 1142–7, 1231.Google Scholar
Cohen, K. L., Swigar, M. E. (1979) Thyroid function screening in psychiatric patients. J. Am. Med. Ass. 242, 254–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, M., Dembling, B., Schorling, J. (2002) The association between schizophrenia and cancer: a population-based mortality study. Schizophr. Res. 57, 139–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohler, B. J., Gallant, D. H., Grunebaum, H. U., Weiss, J. L., Gamer, E. (1975) Pregnancy and birth complications among mentally ill and well mothers and their children. Soc. Biol. 22, 269–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohn, T., Prud'homme, D., Streiner, D., Kameh, H., Remington, G. (2004) Characterizing coronary heart disease risk in chronic schizophrenia: high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. Can. J. Psychiatry 49, 753–760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colton, C. W., Manderscheid, R. W. (2006) Congruencies in increased mortality rates, years of potential life lost, and causes of death among public mental health clients in eight states. Prev. Chronic Dis. 3, A42.Google Scholar
Conejero-Goldberg, C., Torrey, E. F., Yolken, R. H. (2003) Herpesviruses and Toxoplasma gondii in orbital frontal cortex of psychiatric patients. Schizophr. Res. 60, 65–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coodin, S. (2001) Body mass index in persons with schizophrenia. Can. J. Psychiatry 46, 549–555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, A. F. (1976) Deafness and psychiatric illness. Br. J. Psychiatry 129, 216–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Correll, C. U., Leucht, S., Kane, J. M. (2004) Lower risk for tardive dyskinesia associated with second-generation antipsychotics: a systematic review of 1-year studies. Am. J. Psychiatry 161, 414–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cotran, R. S., Kumar, V., Robbins, S. L. (1989) Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 4th edn. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders.
Council of the National Osteoporosis Foundation (1996) Guidelines for the early detection of osteoporosis and prediction of fracture risk. S. Afr. Med. J. 86, 1113–1116.
Cournos, F., McKinnon, K. (1997) human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence among people with severe mental illness in the United States: a critical review. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 17, 259–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cournos, F., Empfield, M., Horwath, E.et al. (1991) human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence among patients admitted to two psychiatric hospitals. Am. J. Psychiatry 148, 1225–1230.Google Scholar
Cournos, F., Horwath, E., Guido, J. R., McKinnon, K., Hopkins, N. (1994) human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection at two public psychiatric hospitals in New York City. acquired immundeficiency syndrome Care 6, 443–452.Google Scholar
Cradock-O'Leary, J., Young, A. S., Yano, E. M., Wang, M. M., Lee, M. L. (2002) Use of general medical services by ventricular arrhythmia patients with psychiatric disorders. Psychiatr. Serv. 53, 874–878.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cramer, J. A., Rosenheck, R. (1998) Compliance with medication regimens for mental and physical disorders. Psychiatr. Serv. 49, 196–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Creese, I., Feinberg, A. P., Snyder, S. H. (1976) Butyrophenone influences on the opiate receptor. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 36, 231–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curkendall, S. M., Mo, J., Glasser, D. B., Rose, S. M., Jones, J. K. (2004) Cardiovascular disease in patients with schizophrenia in Saskatchewan, Canada. J. Clin. Psychiatry 65, 715–720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalton, S. O., Munk, L. T., Mellemkjaer, L., Johansen, C., Mortensen, P. B. (2003) Schizophrenia and the risk for breast cancer. Schizophr. Res. 62, 89–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalton, S. O., Laursen, T. M., Mellemkjaer, L., Johansen, C., Mortensen, P. B. (2004) Risk for cancer in parents of patients with schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 161, 903–908.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalton, S. O., Mellemkjaer, L., Thomassen, L., Mortensen, P. B., Johansen, C. (2005) Risk for cancer in a cohort of patients hospitalized for schizophrenia in Denmark, 1969–1993. Schizophr. Res. 75, 315–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dasananjali, T. (1994) The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among mentally ill offenders in Thailand. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 77, 257–260.Google Scholar
Daumit, G. L., Goldberg, R. W., Anthony, C.et al. (2005) Physical activity patterns in adults with severe mental illness. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 193, 641–646.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daumit, G. L., Pronovost, P. J., Anthony, C. B.et al. (2006) Adverse events during medical and surgical hospitalizations for persons with schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 63, 267–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David, A., Malmberg, A., Lewis, G., Brandt, L., Allebeck, P. (1995) Are there neurological and sensory risk factors for schizophrenia?Schizophr. Res. 14, 247–251.Google Scholar
Davidson, M. (2002) Risk of cardiovascular disease and sudden death in schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychiatry 63 (Suppl. 9), 5–11.Google Scholar
Davidson, S., Judd, F., Jolley, D.et al. (2001) Cardiovascular risk factors for people with mental illness. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 35, 196–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, G. C., Buchsbaum, M. S., Naber, D.et al. (1982) Altered pain perception and cerebrospinal endorphins in psychiatric illness. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 398, 366–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, J. M., Cole, J. O. (1975) Antipsychotic drugs. In American Handbook of Psychiatry, ed. Arieti, S.. New York: Basic Books, pp. 441–475.
Hert, M. A., Winkel, R., Eyck, D.et al. (2006) Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotic medication. Schizophr. Res. 83, 87–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leon, J. (2003) Polydipsia: a study in a long-term psychiatric unit. Eur. Arch. Psychiatr Clin. Neurosci. 253, 37–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leon, J., Diaz, F. J. (2005) A meta-analysis of worldwide studies demonstrates an association between schizophrenia and tobacco smoking behaviors. Schizophr. Res. 76, 135–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leon, J., Verghese, C., Tracy, J. I., Josiassen, R. C., Simpson, G. M. (1994) Polydipsia and water intoxication in psychiatric patients: a review of the epidemiological literature. Biol. Psychiatry 35, 408–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leon, J., Dadvand, M., Canuso, C.et al. (1996) Polydipsia and water intoxication in a long-term psychiatric hospital. Biol. Psychiatry 40, 28–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leon, J., Tracy, J., McCann, E., McGrory, A. (2002) Polydipsia and schizophrenia in a psychiatric hospital: a replication study. Schizophr. Res. 57, 293–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santis, A., Addolorato, G., Romito, A.et al. (1997) Schizophrenic symptoms and SPECT abnormalities in a coeliac patient: regression after a gluten-free diet. J. Intern. Med. 242, 421–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delaplaine, R., Ifabumuyi, O. I., Merskey, H., Zarfas, J. (1978) Significance of pain in psychiatric hospital patients. Pain 4, 361–366.Google Scholar
Delisi, L. E., Smith, S. B., Hamovit, J. R.et al. (1986) Herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus antibody titres in sera from schizophrenic patients. Psychol. Med. 16, 757–763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delva, N. J., Crammer, J. L., Jarzylo, S. V.et al. (1989) Osteopenia, pathological fractures, and increased urinary calcium excretion in schizophrenic patients with polydipsia. Biol. Psychiatry 26, 781–793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Desai, M. M., Rosenheck, R. A., Druss, B. G., Perlin, J. B. (2002) Mental disorders and quality of diabetes care in the veterans health administration. American Journal of Psychiatry 159, 1584–1590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Destounis, N. (1966) The relationship between schizophrenia and toxoplasmosis: a critical study. Del. Med. J. 38, 349–351.Google Scholar
Dewan, M. J., Bick, P. A. (1985) Normal pressure hydrocephalus and psychiatric patients. Biol. Psychiatry 20, 1127–1131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickerson, F. B., Brown, C. H., Kreyenbuhl, J.et al. (2004) Sexual and reproductive behaviors among persons with mental illness. Psychiatr. Serv. 55, 1299–1301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickerson, F. B., Brown, C. H., Daumit, G. L.et al. (2006) Health status of individuals with serious mental illness. Schizophr. Bull. 32, 584–589.Google Scholar
Dickerson, J. W., Wiryanti, J. (1978) Pellagra and mental disturbance. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 37, 167–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickson, R. A., Glazer, W. M. (1999) Neuroleptic-induced hyperprolactinemia. Schizophr. Res. 35 (Suppl.), S75–S86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, L., Haas, G., Weiden, P. J., Sweeney, J., Frances, A. J. (1991) Drug abuse in schizophrenic patients: clinical correlates and reasons for use. Am. J. Psychiatry 148, 224–230.Google Scholar
Dixon, L., Postrado, L., Delahanty, J., Fischer, P. J., Lehman, A. (1999) The association of medical comorbidity in schizophrenia with poor physical and mental health. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 187, 496–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, L., Weiden, P., Delahanty, J.et al. (2003) Prevalence and correlates of diabetes in national schizophrenia samples. Schizophr. Bull. 26, 903–912.Google Scholar
Dohan, F. C., Grasberger, J. C. (1973) Relapsed schizophrenics: earlier discharge from the hospital after cereal-free, milk-free diet. Am. J. Psychiatry 130, 685–688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dohan, F. C., Grasberger, J. C., Lowell, F. M., Johnston, H. T.., Arbegast, A. W. (1969) Relapsed schizophrenics: more rapid improvement on a milk- and cereal-free diet. Br. J. Psychiatry 115, 595–596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorrell, W. (1973) Myasthenia gravis and schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 123, 249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, R. E., Wallach, M. A. (1989) Substance abuse among the chronic mentally ill. Hosp. Commun. Psychiatry 40, 1041–1046.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, R. E., Rosenberg, S. D., Mueser, K. T. (1996) Assessing substance use disorder in persons with severe mental illness. New Dir. Ment. Health Serv.70, 3–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drossman, D. A. (1994) Irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterologist 2, 315–326.Google Scholar
Duc, L. (1952) [Contribution to the study of the disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in mental disorders: diabetes and psychoses.]Schweiz. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatr. 69, 89–169.Google Scholar
du Pan, R. M., Muller, C. (1977) [Cancer mortality in patients of psychiatric hospitals.]Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. 107, 597–604.Google Scholar
Dupont, A., Jensen, O. M., Strömgren, E., Jablensky, A. (1986) Incidence of cancer in patients diagnosed as schizophrenic in Denmark. In Psychiatric Case Registers in Public Health, eds. Horn, G. H. Ten, Giel, R., Gulbinat, W. H.. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 229–239.
Dworkin, R. H. (1994) Pain insensitivity in schizophrenia: a neglected phenomenon and some implications. Schizophr. Bull. 20, 235–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eaton, W. W., Hayward, C., Ram, R. (1992) Schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis: a review. Schizophr. Res. 6, 181–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eaton, W. W., Mortensen, P. B., Agerbo, E.et al. (2004) Coeliac disease and schizophrenia: population-based case control study with linkage of Danish national registers. Br. Med. J. 328, 438–439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eaton, W. W., Byrne, M., Ewald, H.et al. (2006) Association of schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: linkage of Danish national registers. Am. J. Psychiatry 163, 521–528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebert, T., Kotler, M. (2005) Prenatal exposure to influenza and the risk of subsequent development of schizophrenia. Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 7, 35–38.Google Scholar
Ehrentheil, O. F. (1957) Common medical disorders rarely found in psychotic patients. Am. Med. Assoc. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry 77, 178–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Empfield, M., Cournos, F., Meyer, I.et al. (1993) human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence among homeless patients admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit. Am. J. Psychiatry 150, 47–52.Google Scholar
Emsley, R. A., Meer, M. H., Aalbers, C., Taljaard, J. J. (1990) Inappropriate antidiuretic state in long-term psychiatric inpatients. S. Afr. Med. J. 77, 307–308.Google Scholar
Enger, C., Weatherby, L., Reynolds, R. F., Glasser, D. B., Walker, A. M. (2004) Serious cardiovascular events and mortality among patients with schizophrenia. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 192, 19–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L. (1968) Mortality rates in the offspring of schizophrenic parents and a physiological advantage hypothesis. Nature 220, 798–800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Essen-Moller, W. (1935) Untersuchungen über die Fruchtbarkeit gewisser Gruppen von Geisteskranken. Acta Psychiatr. Neurol. (Suppl.) 8, 1–314.Google Scholar
Evenson, R. C., Jos, C. J., Mallya, A. R. (1987) Prevalence of polydipsia among public psychiatric patients. Psychol. Rep. 60, 803–807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ewald, H., Mortensen, P. B., Mors, O. (2001) Decreased risk of acute appendicitis in patients with schizophrenia or manic-depressive psychosis. Schizophr. Res. 49, 287–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Expert Group: Schizophrenia and Diabetes 2003 (2004) Expert Consensus Meeting, Dublin, 3–4 October 2003: consensus summary. Br. J. Psychiatry (Suppl.) 47, S112-S114.
Fellerhoff, B., Laumbacher, B., Wank, R. (2005) High risk of schizophrenia and other mental disorders associated with chlamydial infections: hypothesis to combine drug treatment and adoptive immunotherapy. Med. Hypotheses 65, 243–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenton, W. S. (2000) Prevalence of spontaneous dyskinesia in schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychiatry 61, 10–14.Google Scholar
Ferrier, I. N. (1985) Water intoxication in patients with psychiatric illness. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Edn) 291, 1594–1596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Filik, R., Sipos, A., Kehoe, P. G.et al. (2006) The cardiovascular and respiratory health of people with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 113, 298–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, I. I., Bienskii, A. V., Fedorova, I. V. (1996) Experience in using serological tests in detecting tuberculosis in patients with severe mental pathology. Probl. Tuberk. 1, 19–20.Google Scholar
Folsom, D. P., McCahill, M., Bartels, S.et al. (2002) Medical comorbidity and receipt of medical care by older homeless people with schizophrenia or depression. Psychiatri. Serv. 53, 1456–1460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, B. H., Howell, M. A. (1974) Cancer risk among psychiatric patients: a hypothesis. Int. J. Epidemiol. 3, 207–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freedman, R. (2003) Schizophrenia. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 1738–1749.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedlander, A. H., Marder, S. R. (2002) The psychopathology, medical management and dental implications of schizophrenia. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 133, 603–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galbraith, D. A., Gordon, B. A., Feleki, V., Gordon, N., Cooper, A. J. (1989) Metachromatic leukodystrophy (metachromatic leukodystrophy) in hospitalized adult schizophrenic patients resistant to drug treatment. Can. J. Psychiatry 34, 299–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallien, M., Schnetzler, J. P., Morin, J. (1975) [Antinuclear antibodies and lupus due to phenothiazines in 600 hospitalized patients.]Ann. Med. Psychol. (Paris) 1, 237–248.Google Scholar
Geschwind, N. (1977) Insensitivity to pain in psychotic patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 296, 1480.Google Scholar
Ghadirian, A. M., Chouinard, G., Annable, L. (1982) Sexual dysfunction and plasma prolactin levels in neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic outpatients. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 170, 463–467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gingell, K. H., Darley, J. S., Lengua, C. A., Baddela, P. (1993) Menstrual changes with antipsychotic drugs. Br. J. Psychiatry 162, 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gittleson, N. L., Richardson, T. D. (1973) Myasthenia gravis and schizophrenia: a rare combination. Br. J. Psychiatry 122, 343–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goff, D. C., Sullivan, L. M., McEvoy, J. P.et al. (2005) A comparison of ten-year cardiac risk estimates in schizophrenia patients from the Clinical Trials of Antipsychotic Treatment Effectiveness study and matched controls. Schizophr. Res. 80, 45–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goffin, V., Touraine, P., Pichard, C., Bernichtein, S., Kelly, P. A. (1999) Should prolactin be reconsidered as a therapeutic target in human breast cancer?Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 151, 79–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldacre, M. J., Kurina, L. M., Yeates, D., Seagroat, V., Gill, L. (2000) Use of large medical databases to study associations between diseases. Q. J. Med. 93, 669–675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldacre, M. J., Kurina, L. M., Wotton, C. J., Yeates, D., Seagroat, V. (2005) Schizophrenia and cancer: an epidemiological study. Br. J. Psychiatry 187, 334–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldfarb, W. (1958) Pain reactions in a group of institutionalized schizophrenic children. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 28, 777–785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldman, L. S. (1999) Medical illness in patients with schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychiatry 60 (Suppl. 21), 10–15.Google Scholar
Goodman, S. H., Emory, E. K. (1992) Perinatal complications in births to low socioeconomic status schizophrenic and depressed women. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 101, 225–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottesman, I. I., Groome, C. S. (1997) human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immundeficiency syndrome risks as a consequence of schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 23, 675–684.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gourdy, P., Ruidavets, J. B., Ferrieres, J.et al. (2001) Prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the middle-aged population of three French regions: the MONICA study 1995–97. Diabetes Metab. 27, 347–358.Google Scholar
Grady, D., Rubin, S. M., Petitti, D. B.et al. (1992) Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Ann. Intern. Med. 117, 1016–1037.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grassi, L. (1996) Risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in psychiatrically ill patients. acquired immundeficiency syndrome Care 8, 103–116.Google Scholar
Gregg, D. (1939) The paucity of arthritis among psychotic cases. Am. J. Psychiatry 95, 853–858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grinshpoon, A., Barchana, M., Ponizovsky, A.et al. (2005) Cancer in schizophrenia: is the risk higher or lower?Schizophr. Res. 73, 333–341.Google Scholar
Gulbinat, W., Dupont, A., Jablensky, A.et al. (1992) Cancer incidence of schizophrenic patients: results of record linkage studies in three countries. Br. J. Psychiatry (Suppl.) 18, 75–83.Google Scholar
Gupta, S., Masand, P. S., Kaplan, D., Bhandary, A., Hendricks, S. (1997) The relationship between schizophrenia and irritable bowel syndrome (irritable bowel syndrome). Schizophr. Res. 23, 265–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hafner, H., Maurer, K., Loffler, W.et al. (1994) The epidemiology of early schizophrenia: influence of age and gender on onset and early course. Br. J. Psychiatry (Suppl.) 23, 29–38.Google Scholar
Halbreich, U., Palter, S. (1996) Accelerated osteoporosis in psychiatric patients: possible pathophysiological processes. Schizophr. Bull. 22, 447–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halbreich, U., Rojansky, N., Palter, S.et al. (1995) Decreased bone mineral density in medicated psychiatric patients. Psychosom. Med. 57, 485–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halbreich, U., Kinon, B. J., Gilmore, J. A., Kahn, L. S. (2003) Elevated prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia: mechanisms and related adverse effects. Psychoneuroendocrinology 28 (Suppl. 1), 53–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halonen, P. E., Rimon, R., Arohonka, K., Jantti, V. (1974) Antibody levels to herpes simplex type I, measles and rubella viruses in psychiatric patients. Br. J. Psychiatry 125, 461–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, E. C., Barraclough, B. (1998) Excess mortality of mental disorder. Br. J. Psychiatry 173, 11–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, G., Owens, D., Holton, A., Neilson, D., Boot, D. (1988) A prospective study of severe mental disorder in Afro-Caribbean patients. Psychol. Med. 18, 643–657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, I., Williams, M., McGuffin, P., Toone, B. K. (1990) The functional psychoses in Afro-Caribbeans. Br. J. Psychiatry 157, 515–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatta, K., Takahashi, T., Nakamura, H.et al. (1998) Abnormal physiological conditions in acute schizophrenic patients on emergency admission: dehydration, hypokalemia, leukocytosis and elevated serum muscle enzymes. Eur. Arch. Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. 248, 180–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heiskanen, T., Niskanen, L., Lyytikainen, R., Saarinen, P. I., Hintikka, J. (2003) Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychiatry 64, 575–579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hennessy, S., Bilker, W. B., Knauss, J. S.et al. (2002) Cardiac arrest and ventricular arrhythmia in patients taking antipsychotic drugs: cohort study using administrative data. Br. Med. J. 325, 1070.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herkert, E. E., Wald, A., Romero, O. (1972) Tuberous sclerosis and schizophrenia. Dis. Nerv. Syst. 33, 439–445.Google Scholar
Herold, G. (2002) Innere Medizin. Köln: Gerd Herold.
Hinterhuber, H., Lochenegg, L. (1975) [Gastric ulcers, stress and schizophrenia: incidence of gastric ulcers in male schizophrenic patients.]Arch. Psychiatr. Nervenkr. 220, 335–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffer, A. (1970) Pellagra and schizophrenia. Psychosomatics 11, 522–525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holt, R. I., Peveler, R. C., Byrne, C. D. (2004) Schizophrenia, the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Diabet. Med. 21, 515–523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Homel, P., Casey, D., Allison, D. B. (2002) Changes in body mass index for individuals with and without schizophrenia, 1987–1996. Schizophr. Res. 55, 277–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horrobin, D. F., Ally, A. I., Karmali, R. A.et al. (1978) Prostaglandins and schizophrenia: further discussion of the evidence. Psychol. Med. 8, 43–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoskins, R. G., Sleeper, F. H. (1933) Organic functions in schizophrenia. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 30, 123–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, L., Shah, N., Salmon, M., Appleby, L. (2003) Predictors of social services supervision of babies of mothers with mental illness after admission to a psychiatric mother and baby unit. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 38, 450–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howland, R. H. (1990) Schizophrenia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Compr. Psychiatry 31, 327–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsiao, C. C., Ree, S. C., Chiang, Y. L., Yeh, S. S., Chen, C. K. (2004) Obesity in schizophrenic outpatients receiving antipsychotics in Taiwan. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 58, 403–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hummer, M., Malik, P., Gasser, R. W.et al. (2005) Osteoporosis in patients with schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 162, 162–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hung, C. F., Wu, C. K., Lin, P. Y. (2005) Diabetes mellitus in patients with schizophrenia in Taiwan. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 29, 523–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, C. E., Shannon, D. C. (1992) Sudden infant death syndrome and sleeping position. Pediatrics 90, 115–118.Google Scholar
Hussar, A. E. (1965) Coronary heart disease in chronic schizophrenic patients: a clinicopathologic study. Circulation 31, 919–929.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hussar, A. E. (1968) Peptic ulcer in long-term institutionalized schizophrenic patients. Psychosom. Med. 30, 374–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingram, D. M., Nottage, E. M., Roberts, A. N. (1990) Prolactin and breast cancer risk. Med. J. Aust. 153, 469–473.Google Scholar
Inoue, H., Hazama, H., Ogura, C., Ichikawa, M., Tamura, T. (1980) Neuroendocrinological study of amenorrhea induced by antipsychotic drugs. Folia Psychiatr. Neurol. Jap. 34, 181.Google Scholar
Jablensky, A. V., Morgan, V., Zubrick, S. R., Bower, C., Yellachich, L. A. (2005) Pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal complications in a population cohort of women with schizophrenia and major affective disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry 162, 79–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jakubaschk, J., Boker, W. (1991) [Disorders of pain perception in schizophrenia.]Schweiz. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatr. 142, 55–76.Google Scholar
Jara-Prado, A., Yescas, P., Sanchez, F. J.et al. (2000) Prevalence of acute intermittent porphyria in a Mexican psychiatric population. Arch. Med. Res. 31, 404–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeste, D. V., Gladsjo, J. A., Lindamer, L. A., Lacro, J. P. (1996) Medical comorbidity in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 22, 413–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeste, S. D., Patterson, T. L., Palmer, B. W.et al. (2003) Cognitive predictors of medication adherence among middle-aged and older outpatients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 63, 49–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, G. R. (1985) Cancer therapy: phenothiazines in an unexpected role. Tumori 71, 563–569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, L. E., Clarke, W., Carney, C. P. (2004) Receipt of diabetes services by insured adults with and without claims for mental disorders. Med. Care 42, 1167–1175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jose, C. J., Perez-Cruet, J. (1979) Incidence and morbidity of self-induced water intoxication in state mental hospital patients. Am. J. Psychiatry 136, 221–222.Google Scholar
Kaelbling, R., Craig, J. B., Pasamanick, B. (1961) Urinary porphobilinogen: results of screening 2500 psychiatric patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 5, 494–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kales, A., Marusak, C. (1967) Sleep patterns associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders. Bull. Los Angeles Neurol. Soc. 32, 234–242.Google Scholar
Kalkan, A., Ozdarendeli, A., Bulut, Y.et al. (2005) Prevalence and genotypic distribution of hepatitis GB-C/HG and TT viruses in blood donors, mentally retarded children and four groups of patients in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 58, 222–227.Google Scholar
Kaplan, H. S., Sager, C. J., Schwartz, S., Kaye, A., Glass, G. B. (1970) Post-gastrectomy pain and schizophrenia. Psychosomatics 11, 157–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keely, E. J., Reiss, J. P., Drinkwater, D. T., Faiman, C. (1997) Bone mineral density, sex hormones, and long-term use of neuroleptic agents in men. Endocrinol. Pract. 3, 209–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, C., McCreadie, R. G. (1999) Smoking habits, current symptoms, and premorbid characteristics of schizophrenic patients in Nithsdale, Scotland. Am. J. Psychiatry 156, 1751–1757.Google Scholar
Kenkre, A. M., Spadigam, A. E. (2000) Oral health and treatment needs in institutionalized psychiatric inpatients in India. Indian J. Dent. Res. 11, 5–11.Google Scholar
King, D. L., Cooper, S. J., Earle, J. A.et al. (1985) A survey of serum antibodies to eight common viruses in psychiatric patients. Br. J. Psychiatry 147, 137–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirch, D. G., Bigelow, L. B., Weinberger, D. R., Lawson, W. B., Wyatt, R. J. (1985) Polydipsia and chronic hyponatremia in schizophrenic inpatients. J. Clin. Psychiatry 46, 179–181.Google Scholar
Kishimoto, T., Watanabe, K., Takeuchi, H.et al. (2005) Bone mineral density measurement in female inpatients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 77, 113–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kleinberg, D. L., Davis, J. M., Coster, R., Baelen, B., Brecher, M. (1999) Prolactin levels and adverse events in patients treated with risperidone. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 19, 57–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klibanski, A., Neer, R. M., Beitins, I. Z.et al. (1980) Decreased bone density in hyperprolactinemic women. N. Engl. J. Med. 303, 1511–1514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kooy, F. H. (1919) Hyperglycemia in mental disorders. Brain 42, 214–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korhonen, S., Hippelainen, M., Niskanen, L., Vanhala, M., Saarikoski, S. (2001) Relationship of the metabolic syndrome and obesity to polycystic ovary syndrome: a controlled, population-based study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 184, 289–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krakowski, A. J., Rydzynski, A., Jarosz, M., Engelsmann, F. (1983) Prevalence of psychosomatic disorders in schizophrenic patients in Poland. In Psychosomatic Medicine: Theoretical, Clinical and Transcultural Aspects, eds. Krakowski, A. J., Kimbal, R.. New York: Plenum Press, 69–78.CrossRef
Kroll, J. (2001) Schizophrenia and liver dysfunction. Med. Hypotheses 56, 634–636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kunugi, H., Nanko, S., Murray, R. M. (2001) Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: prenatal underdevelopment and subsequent neurodevelopmental impairment. Br. J. Psychiatry (Suppl.) 40, S25–S29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laaksonen, D. E., Lakka, H. M., Niskanen, L. K.et al. (2002) Metabolic syndrome and development of diabetes mellitus: application and validation of recently suggested definitions of the metabolic syndrome in a prospective cohort study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 156, 1070–1077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambert, M. T., Bjarnason, I., Connelly, J.et al. (1989) Small intestine permeability in schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 155, 619–622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lane, E. A., Albee, G. W. (1970) The birth weight of children born to schizophrenic women. J. Psychol. 74, 157–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lauerma, H., Lehtinen, V., Joukamaa, M.et al. (1998) Schizophrenia among patients treated for rheumatoid arthritis and appendicitis. Schizophr. Res. 29, 255–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lautenbacher, S., Krieg, J. C. (1994) Pain perception in psychiatric disorders: a review of the literature. J. Psychiatr. Res. 28, 109–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, D. M., Holman, C. D., Jablensky, A. V., Threlfall, T. J., Fuller, S. A. (2000) Excess cancer mortality in Western Australian psychiatric patients due to higher case fatality rates. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 101, 382–388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, D. M., Jablensky, A. V., Holman, C. D. J. (2001) Duty to Care: Physical Illness in People with Mental Illness. Available online at http://cdh.curtin.edu.au/publications/2001.cfm/
Lawrence, D. M., Holman, C. D., Jablensky, A. V., Hobbs, M. S. (2003) Death rate from ischaemic heart disease in Western Australian psychiatric patients 1980–1998. Br. J. Psychiatry 182, 31–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, H. K., Travin, S., Bluestone, H. (1992) human immunodeficiency virus-1 in inpatients. Hosp. Commun. Psychiatry 43, 181–182.Google Scholar
Leucht, S. M., Pitschel-Walz, G., Abraham, D., Kissling, W. (1999) Efficacy and extrapyramidal side-effects of the new antipsychotics olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and sertindole compared to conventional antipsychotics and placebo: a meta-analysis or randomized controlled trials. Schizophr. Res. 35, 51–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, J., Agam, G., Sela, B. A.et al. (2005a) cerebrospinal fluid homocysteine is not elevated in schizophrenia. J. Neur. Transm. 112, 297–302.
Levine, J., Sela, B. A., Osher, Y., Belmaker, R. H. (2005b) High homocysteine serum levels in young male schizophrenia and bipolar patients and in an animal model. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 29, 1181–1191.
Levy, D. L., Holzman, P. S., Proctor, L. R. (1983) Vestibular dysfunction and psychopathology. Schizophr. Bull. 9, 383–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levy, R. P., Jensen, J. B., Laus, V. G., Agle, D. P., Engel, I. M. (1981) Serum thyroid hormone abnormalities in psychiatric disease. Metabolism 30, 1060–1064.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, S., Jagger, R. G., Treasure, E. (2001) The oral health of psychiatric in-patients in South Wales. Spec. Care Dentist. 21, 182–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lichtermann, D., Ekelund, J., Pukkala, E., Tanskanen, A., Lonnqvist, J. (2001) Incidence of cancer among persons with schizophrenia and their relatives. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 58, 573–578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, A. L. (1955) Painless myocardial infarction in psychotic patients. Geriatrics 10, 579–580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, C. C., Bai, Y. M., Chen, J. Y., Lin, C. Y., Lan, T. H. (1999) A retrospective study of clozapine and urinary incontinence in Chinese in-patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 100, 158–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu-Seifert, H., Kinon, B. J., Ahl, J., Lamberson, S. (2004) Osteopenia associated with increased prolactin and aging in psychiatric patients treated with prolactin-elevating antipsychotics. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1032, 297–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llovera, M., Pichard, C., Bernichtein, S.et al. (2000) Human prolactin (hPRL) antagonists inhibit hPRL-activated signaling pathways involved in breast cancer cell proliferation. Oncogene 19, 4695–4705.CrossRef
Lovett Doust, J. W. (1980) Sinus tachycardia and abnormal cardiac rate variation in schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiology 6, 305–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lycke, E., Norrby, R., Roos, B. E. (1974) A serological study on mentally ill patients with particular reference to the prevalence of herpes virus infections. Br. J. Psychiatry 124, 273–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macdonald, S., Halliday, J., MacEwan, T.et al. (2003) Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys 24: sexual dysfunction – case-control study. Br. J. Psychiatry 182, 50–56.CrossRef
Magharious, W., Goff, D. C., Amico, E. (1998) Relationship of gender and menstrual status to symptoms and medication side effects in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr. Res. 77, 159–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marchand Walter, E. (1955) Occurrence of painless myocardial infarction in psychotic patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 253, 51–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marchand Walter, E., Sarota, B., Marble, H. C.et al. (1959) Occurrence of painless acute surgical disorders in psychotic patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 260, 580–585.
Marcus, J., Auerbach, J., Wilkinson, L., Burack, C. M. (1981) Infants at risk for schizophrenia: the Jerusalem Infant Development Study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 38, 703–713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marder, S. R., Essock, S. M., Miller, A. L.et al. (2004) Physical health monitoring of patients with schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 161, 1334–1349.CrossRef
Martinez-Bermejo, A., Polanco, I. (2002) [Neuropsychological changes in coeliac disease.]Rev. Neurol. 34 (Suppl. 1), S24–S33.Google Scholar
Mason, P. R., Winton, F. E. (1995) Ear disease and schizophrenia: a case-control study. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 91, 217–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masterson, E., O'Shea, B. (1984) Smoking and malignancy in schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 145, 429–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maudsley, H. (1979) The Pathology of Mind, 3rd end. London: Macmillan.
May, P. R. A. (1948) Pupillary abnormalities in schizophrenia and during muscular effort. J. Ment. Sci. 94, 89–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCreadie, R. G. (2003) Diet, smoking and cardiovascular risk in people with schizophrenia: descriptive study. Br. J. Psychiatry 183, 534–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCreadie, R. G., Stevens, H., Henderson, J.et al. (2004) The dental health of people with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 110, 306–310.CrossRef
McDermott, S., Moran, R., Platt, T.et al. (2005) Heart disease, schizophrenia, and affective psychoses: epidemiology of risk in primary care. Commun. Ment. Health J. 41, 747–755.CrossRef
McEvoy, J. P., Meyer, J. M., Goff, D. C.et al. (2005) Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: baseline results from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (Clinical Trials of Antipsychotic Treatment Effectiveness) schizophrenia trial and comparison with national estimates from NHANES III. Schizophr. Res. 80, 19–32.CrossRef
McGuffin, P., Gardiner, P., Swinburne, L. M. (1981) Schizophrenia, celiac disease, and antibodies to food. Biol. Psychiatry 16, 281–285.Google Scholar
McKee, H. A., D'Arcy, P. F., Wilson, P. J. (1986) Diabetes and schizophrenia: a preliminary study. J. Clin. Hosp. Pharm. 11, 297–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLarty, D. G., Ratcliffe, W. A., Ratcliffe, J. G., Shimmins, J. G., Goldberg, A. (1978) A study of thyroid function in psychiatric in-patients. Br. J. Psychiatry 133, 211–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNeil, T. F., Kaij, L. (1973) Obstetric complications and physical size of offspring of schizophrenic, schizophrenic-like, and control mothers. Br. J. Psychiatry 123, 341–348.Google Scholar
McNeil, T. F., Kaij, L., Malmquist-Larsson, A.et al. (1983) Offspring of women with nonorganic psychoses: development of a longitudinal study of children at high risk. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 68, 234–250.CrossRef
Meaney, A. M., O'Keane, V. (2002) Prolactin and schizophrenia: clinical consequences of hyperprolactinaemia. Life Sci. 71, 979–992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meaney, A. M., Smith, S., Howes, O. D.et al. (2004) Effects of long-term prolactin-raising antipsychotic medication on bone mineral density in patients with schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 184, 503–508.
Mednick, S. A., Mura, E., Schulsinger, F., Mednick, B. (1971) Perinatal conditions and infant development in children with schizophrenic parents. Soc. Biol. 18, S103–S113.Google Scholar
Mellsop, G. W., Koadlow, L., Syme, J., Whittingham, S. (1974) Absence of rheumatoid arthritis in schizophrenia. Aust. N. Z. J. Med. 4, 247–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meltzer, H. Y. (1976) Serum creatine phosphokinase in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 133, 192–197.Google Scholar
Meltzer, H. Y., Davidson, M., Glassman, A. H., Vieweg, W. V. (2002) Assessing cardiovascular risks versus clinical benefits of atypical antipsychotic drug treatment. J. Clin. Psychiatry 63 (Suppl. 9), 25–29.Google Scholar
Mercier-Guidez, E., Loas, G. (2000) Polydipsia and water intoxication in 353 psychiatric inpatients: an epidemiological and psychopathological study. Eur. Psychiatry 15, 306–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, J. M. (2003) Cardiovascular illness and hyperlipidemia in patients with schizophrenia. In Medical Illness and Schizophrenia, eds. Meyer, J. M., Nasrallah, H. A.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 53–80.
Meyer, J. M., Koro, C. E. (2004) The effects of antipsychotic therapy on serum lipids: a comprehensive review. Schizophr. Res. 70, 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, J. M., Nasrallah, H. A. (eds.) (2003) Medical illness and schizophrenia. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Meyer, I., McKinnon, K., Cournos, F.et al. (1993) (human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence among long-stay patients in a state psychiatric hospital. Hosp. Commun. Psychiatry 44, 282–284.
Meyer, J. M., Koro, C. E., L'Italien, G. J. (2005) The metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia: a review. Int. Rev. Psychiatry 17, 173–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, L. J., Finnerty, M. (1996) Sexuality, pregnancy, and childrearing among women with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Psychiatr. Serv. 47, 502–506.Google Scholar
Millson, R. C., Smith, A. P., Koczapski, A. B.et al. (1993) Self-induced water intoxication treated with group psychotherapy. Am. J. Psychiatry 150, 825–826.
Mirdal, G. K., Mednick, S. A., Schulsinger, F., Fuchs, F. (1974) Perinatal complications in children of schizophrenic mothers. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 50, 553–568.Google Scholar
Miyaoka, T., Seno, H., Itoga, M.et al. (2000) Schizophrenia-associated idiopathic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert's syndrome). J. Clin. Psychiatry 61, 868–871.CrossRef
Modrzewska, K. (1980) The offspring of schizophrenic parents in a North Swedish isolate. Clin. Genet. 17, 191–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohamed, S. N., Merskey, H., Kazarian, S., Disney, T. F. (1982) An investigation of the possible inverse relationships between the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and schizophrenia. Can. J. Psychiatry 27, 381–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mokdad, A. H., Ford, E. S., Bowman, B. A.et al. (2003) Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 289, 76–79.CrossRef
Monti, J. M., Monti, D. (2004) Sleep in schizophrenia patients and the effects of antipsychotic drugs. Sleep Med. Rev. 8, 133–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morley, J. E., Shafer, R. B. (1982) Thyroid function screening in new psychiatric admissions. Arch. Intern. Med. 142, 591–593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mors, O., Mortensen, P. B., Ewald, H. (1999) A population-based register study of the association between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis. Schizophr. Res. 40, 67–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mortensen, P. B. (1987) Neuroleptic treatment and other factors modifying cancer risk in schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 75, 585–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mortensen, P. B. (1989) The incidence of cancer in schizophrenic patients. J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health 43, 43–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mortensen, P. B. (1992) Neuroleptic medication and reduced risk of prostate cancer in schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 85, 390–393.Google Scholar
Mortensen, P. B. (1994) The occurrence of cancer in first admitted schizophrenic patients. Schizophr. Res. 12, 185–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mukherjee, S., Decina, P., Bocola, V., Saraceni, F., Scapicchio, P. L. (1996) Diabetes mellitus in schizophrenic patients. Compr. Psychiatry 37, 68–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muller, N., Schiller, P., Ackenheil, M. (1991) Coincidence of schizophrenia and hyperbilirubinemia. Pharmacopsychiatry 24, 225–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munck-Jorgensen, P., Mors, O., Mortensen, P. B., Ewald, H. (2000) The schizophrenic patient in the somatic hospital. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. (Suppl.) 102, 96–99.Google Scholar
Muntjewerff, J. W., Blom, H. J. (2005) Aberrant folate status in schizophrenic patients: what is the evidence?Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 29, 1133–1139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, G. M.., Lim, K. O., Wieneke, M.et al. (1998) No neuropathologic evidence for an increased frequency of Alzheimer's disease among elderly schizophrenics. Biol. Psychiatry 43, 205–209.CrossRef
Naber, D., Pajonk, F. G., Perro, C., Lohmer, B. (1994) Human immunodeficiency virus antibody test and seroprevalence in psychiatric patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 89, 358–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naidoo, U., Goff, D. C., Klibanski, A. (2003) Hyperprolactinemia and bone mineral density: the potential impact of antipsychotic agents. Psychoneuroendocrinology 28 (Suppl. 2), 97–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakamura, Y., Koh, M., Miyoshi, E.et al. (2004) High prevalence of the hepatitis C virus infection among the inpatients of schizophrenia and psychoactive substance abuse in Japan. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 28, 591–597.CrossRef
Nakane, Y., Ohta, Y. (1986) The example of linkage with a cancer register. In Psychiatric Case Registers in Public Health, eds. Horn, G. H. Ten, Giel, R., Gulbinat, W. H.. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 240–245.
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (2001) Definition of Hypertension. Available online at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&DB=pubmed
National Institutes of Health (2004) Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care 27, 596–601.
Negulici, E., Christodorescu, D. (1967) Paranoid schizophrenia and Klinefelter's syndrome. Psychiatr. Neurol.(Basel) 154, 27–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neimeier, R., Hauser, G. A., Keller, M.et al. (1959) [Pathological lactation.]Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. 89, 442–445.
Newcomer, J. W. (2005) Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics and metabolic effects: a comprehensive literature review. central nervous system Drugs 19 (Suppl. 1), 1–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newcomer, J. W., Haupt, D. W., Fucetola, R.et al. (2002) Abnormalities in glucose regulation during antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 59, 337–345.CrossRef
Newman, S. C., Bland, R. C. (1991) Mortality in a cohort of patients with schizophrenia: a record linkage study. Can. J. Psychiatry 36, 239–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholson, G., Liebling, L. I., Hall, R. A. (1976) Thyroid dysfunction in female psychiatric patients. Br. J. Psychiatry 129, 236–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nilsson, E., Lichtenstein, P., Cnattingius, S., Murray, R. M., Hultman, C. M. (2002) Women with schizophrenia: pregnancy outcome and infant death among their offspring. Schizophr. Res. 58, 221–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nissen, H. A., Spencer, K. A. (1936) The psychogenic problem (endocrinal and metabolic) in chronic arthritis. N. Engl. J. Med. 21, 567–581.Google Scholar
Nordenberg, J., Fenig, E., Landau, M., Weizman, R., Weizman, A. (1999) Effects of psychotropic drugs on cell proliferation and differentiation. Biochem. Pharmacol. 58, 1229–1236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nyback, H., Wiesel, F. A., Berggren, B. M., Hindmarsh, T. (1982) Computed tomography of the brain in patients with acute psychosis and in healthy volunteers. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 65, 403–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keane, V., Meaney, A. M. (2005) Antipsychotic drugs: a new risk factor for osteoporosis in young women with schizophrenia?J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 25, 26–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohta, Y., Nakane, Y., Mine, M.et al. (1988) The epidemiological study of physical morbidity in schizophrenics. 2. Association between schizophrenia and incidence of tuberculosis. Jpn. J. Psychiatry Neurol. 42, 41–47.Google Scholar
Oken, R. J., Schulzer, M. (1999) At issue: schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis – the negative association revisited. Schizophr. Bull. 25, 625–638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okura, M., Morii, S. (1986) Polydipsia, polyuria and water intoxication observed in psychiatric inpatients. Tokushima J. Exp. Med. 33, 1–5.Google Scholar
Osborn, D. P., King, M. B., Nazareth, I. (2003) Participation in screening for cardiovascular risk by people with schizophrenia or similar mental illnesses: cross sectional study in general practice. Br. Med. J. 326, 1122–1123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostbye, T., Curtis, L. H., Masselink, L. E.et al. (2005) Atypical antipsychotic drugs and diabetes mellitus in a large outpatient population: a retrospective cohort study. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 14, 407–415.Google Scholar
Osterberg, E. (1978) Schizophrenia and rheumatic disease: a study on the concurrence of inflammatory joint diseases and a review of 58 case-records. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 58, 339–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osterlind, A. (1990) Malignant melanoma in Denmark: occurrence and risk factors. Acta Oncol. 29, 833–854.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Othman, S. S., Abdul, K. K., Hassan, J.et al. (1994) High prevalence of thyroid function test abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 28, 620–624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oxenstierna, G., Bergstrand, G., Bjerkenstedt, L., Sedvall, G., Wik, G. (1984) Evidence of disturbed cerebrospinal fluid circulation and brain atrophy in cases of schizophrenic psychosis. Br. J. Psychiatry 144, 654–661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paffenberger, R. S., Steinmetz, C. H., Pooler, B. G., Hyde, R. T. (1961) The picture puzzle of the postpartum psychosis. J. Chronic Dis. 13, 161–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, B. A., Pankratz, V. S., Bostwick, J. M. (2005) The lifetime risk of suicide in schizophrenia: a re-examination. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 62, 247–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paton, C., Esop, R., Young, C., Taylor, D. (2004) Obesity, dyslipidaemias and smoking in an inpatient population treated with antipsychotic drugs. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 110, 299–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peh, L. H., Devan, G. S., Eu, P. W. (1990) Water intoxication in psychiatric patients in Singapore. Singapore Med. J. 31, 238–241.Google Scholar
Pelissolo, A. (1997) [Epidemiology of psychopathologic disorders in infectious diseases.]Encephale 23, (Spec. No. 5), 3–8.Google Scholar
Perisic, V. N., Lopicic, Z., Kokai, G. (1990) Celiac disease and schizophrenia: family occurrence. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 11, 279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perkins, D. O. (2003) Prolactin- and endocrine-related disorders in schizophrenia. In Medical Illness and Schizophrenia, eds. Meyer, J. M., Nasrallah, H. A.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 215–232.
Pilkington, T. L. (1956) The coincidence of rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 124, 604–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preti, A., Cardascia, L., Zen, T.et al. (2000) Risk for obstetric complications and schizophrenia. Psychiatr. Res. 96, 127–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Primatesta, P., Hirani, V. (1999) Health Survey for England: The Health of Minority Ethnic Groups. 1999. London: Department of Health. http://www.official-documents.co.uk. 2007.
Prohovnik, I., Dwork, A. J., Kaufman, M. A.Willson, N. (1993) Alzheimer-type neuropathology in elderly schizophrenia patients. Schizophr. Bull. 19, 805–816.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pryce, I. G., Edwards, H. (1966) Persistent oral dyskinesia in female mental hospital patients. Br. J. Psychiatry 112, 983–987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Py, O., Mathieu, P. (1960) [Galactorrhea and disorders of the menstrual cycle in the course of neuroleptic treatments.]Presse Med. 68, 765–766.Google Scholar
Qin, P., Xu, H., Laursen, T. M., Vestergaard, M., Mortensen, P. B. (2005) Risk for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychosis among patients with epilepsy: population-based cohort study. Br. Med. J. 331, 23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ragins, N., Schachter, J., Elmer, E.et al. (1975) Infants and children at risk for schizophrenia: environmental and developmental observations. J. Am. Acad. Child Psychiatry 14, 150–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsay, R. A., Ananth, J., Engelsmann, F.et al. (1982) Schizophrenia and psychosomatic illness. J. Psychosom. Res. 26, 33–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ravichand, D. M., Sheshayamma, V., Lakshmi Kameshwari, V., Chakradhar, T. (2005) Thyroid hormones and antithyroid drugs. Calicut Med. J. 3, e3.Google Scholar
Ray, W. A., Meredith, S., Thapa, P. B.et al. (2001) Antipsychotics and the risk of sudden cardiac death. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 58, 1161–1167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Regenold, W. T., Thapar, R. K., Marano, C., Gavirneni, S., Kondapavuluru, P. V. (2002) Increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among psychiatric inpatients with bipolar I affective and schizoaffective disorders independent of psychotropic drug use. J. Affect. Disord. 70, 19–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reilly, J. G., Ayis, S. A., Ferrier, I. N., Jones, S. J., Thomas, S. H. (2000) QTc-interval abnormalities and psychotropic drug therapy in psychiatric patients. Lancet 355, 1048–1052.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rieder, R. O., Rosenthal, D., Wender, P., Blumenthal, H. (1975) The offspring of schizophrenics. 1. Fetal and neonatal deaths. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 32, 200–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rieder, R. O., Broman, S. H., Rosenthal, D. (1977) The offspring of schizophrenics. 2. Perinatal factors and IQ. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 34, 789–799.Google Scholar
Riggs, A. T., Dysken, M. W., Kim, S. W., Opsahl, J. A. (1991) A review of disorders of water homeostasis in psychiatric patients. Psychosomatics 32, 133–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rimon, R., Halonen, P., Puhakka, P.et al. (1979) Immunoglobulin G antibodies to herpes simplex type 1 virus detected by radioimmunoassay in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychiatry 40, 241–243.Google Scholar
Riscalla, L. M. (1980) Blindness and schizophrenia. Med. Hypotheses 6, 1327–1328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robins, A. H. (1972) Phenothiazine melanosis in schizophrenic patients. Psychopharmacologia 27, 327–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roca, R. P., Blackman, M. R., Ackerley, M. B., Harman, S. M., Gregerman, R. I. (1990) Thyroid hormone elevations during acute psychiatric illness: relationship to severity and distinction from hyperthyroidism. Endocr. Res. 16, 415–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodgers-Johnson, P. E., Hickling, F. W., Irons, A.et al. (1996) Retroviruses and schizophrenia in Jamaica. Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. 28, 237–243.Google Scholar
Rose, D. P., Pruitt, B. T. (1981) Plasma prolactin levels in patients with breast cancer. Cancer 48, 2687–2691.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, S. D., Goodman, L. A., Osher, F. C.et al.(2001) Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in people with severe mental illness. Am. J. Public Health 91, 31–37.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, S. H., Porter, K. A., Coffey, B. (1990) Pain insensitivity in schizophrenia: case report and review of the literature. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 12, 319–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, W. D., Hay, J., McDowall, M. F. (1950) The association of certain vegetative disturbances with various psychoses. Psychosom. Med. 12, 170–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothermich, N. O., Philips, V. K. (1963) Rheumatoid arthritis in criminal and mentally ill populations. Arthritis Rheum. 6, 639–640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rotkin, I. D. (1977) Studies in the epidemiology of prostatic cancer: expanded sampling. Cancer Treat. Rep. 61, 173–180.Google Scholar
Ruigomez, A., Garcia Rodriguez, L. A., Dev, V. J., Arellano, F., Raniwala, J. (2000) Are schizophrenia or antipsychotic drugs a risk factor for cataracts?Epidemiology 11, 620–623.Google Scholar
Rwegellara, G. G. C., Mambwe, C. C. (1977) Psychiatric status and disorders of thyroid-function. 1. Prevalence of goiter in a group of psychiatric patients. Med. J. Zambia 11, 78–83.Google Scholar
Ryan, M. C., Collins, P., Thakore, J. H. (2003) Impaired fasting glucose tolerance in first-episode, drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 160, 284–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, W. G., Roddam, R. F., Grizzle, W. E. (1994) Thyroid function screening in newly admitted psychiatric inpatients. Ann. Clin. Psychiatry 6, 7–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rybakowski, J., Romanski, B., Dabkowska, M., Grabowski, P., Krymer, A. (1992) Allergic skin reactions in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Biol. Psychiatry 31, 1181–1182.Google Scholar
Saari, K.., Jokelainen, J., Veijola, J.et al. (2004) Serum lipids in schizophrenia and other functional psychoses: a general population northern Finland 1966 birth cohort survey. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 110, 279–285.Google Scholar
Saari, K. M., Lindeman, S. M., Viilo, K. M.et al. (2005) A 4-fold risk of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort study. J. Clin. Psychiatry 66, 559–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sachdev, P. S. (1998) Schizophrenia-like psychosis and epilepsy: the status of the association. Am. J. Psychiatry 155, 325–336.Google Scholar
Sachdev, P. S. (2000) The current status of tardive dyskinesia. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 34, 355–369.Google Scholar
Sacker, A., Done, D. J., Crow, T. J. (1996) Obstetric complications in children born to parents with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Psychol. Med. 26, 279–287.Google Scholar
Sacks, M. H., Dermatis, H., Looser-Ott, S., Burton, W., Perry, S. (1992) Undetected human immunodeficiency virus infection among acutely ill psychiatric inpatients. Am. J. Psychiatry 149, 544–545.Google Scholar
Sacks, M. H., Silberstein, C., Weiler, P., Perry, S. (1990) human immunodeficiency virus-related risk factors in acute psychiatric inpatients. Hosp. Commun. Psychiatry 41, 449–451.Google Scholar
Said, W. M., Saleh, R., Jumaian, N. (2001) Prevalence of hepatitis B virus among chronic schizophrenia patients. East Mediterr. Health J. 7, 526–530.Google Scholar
Sameroff, A. J., Zax, M. (1973) Perinatal characteristics of the offspring of schizophrenic women. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 157, 191–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandison, R. A., Whitelaw, E., Currie, J. D. (1960) Clinical trials with melleril (TP21) in the treatment of schizophrenia: a two-year study.J. Ment. Sci. 106, 732–741.Google Scholar
Sartorius, N., Schulze, H. (eds.) (2005) A Report of a Global Programme of the World Psychiatric Association, eds. Sartorius, N., Schulze, H.. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Scheflen, A. E. (1951) Malignant tumors in the institutionalized psychotic population. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry 66, 145–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, K. (1959) Clinical Psychopathology. New York: Grune & Stratton.
Schubert, E. W., McNeil, T. F. (2004) Prospective study of neurological abnormalities in offspring of women with psychosis: birth to adulthood. Am. J. Psychiatry 161, 1030–1037.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schubert, E. W., Blennow, G., McNeil, T. F. (1996) Wakefulness and arousal in neonates born to women with schizophrenia: diminished arousal and its association with neurological deviations. Schizophr. Res. 22, 49–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwalb, H. (1975) [Risk factors of coronary heart diseases in hospitalized psychic patients.]Munch. Med. Wochenschr. 117, 1181–1188.Google Scholar
Schwalb, H., van Eimeren, W., Friedrich, H. V. (1976) [The risk of heart disease in various psychiatric diseases.] Z. Kardiol. 65, 1115–1123.
Schwartz-Watts, D., Montgomery, L. D., Morgan, D. W. (1995) Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus among inpatient pretrial detainees. Bull. Am. Acad. Psychiatr. Law 23, 285–288.Google Scholar
Secreto, G., Recchione, C., Cavalleri, A., Miraglia, M., Dati, V. (1983) Circulating levels of testosterone, 17 beta-oestradiol, luteinising hormone and prolactin in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Br. J. Cancer 47, 269–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seeman, M. V., Lang, M., Rector, N. (1990) Chronic schizophrenia: a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus?Can. J. Psychiatry 35, 765–768.Google Scholar
Sewell, D. D. (1996) Schizophrenia and human immunodeficiency virus. Schizophr. Bull. 22, 465–473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shader, R. I., Grinspoon, L. (1970) The effect of social feedback on chronic schizophrenic patients. Compr. Psychiatry 11, 196–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shah, P. J., Greenberg, W. M. (1992) Polydipsia with hyponatremia in a state hospital population. Hosp. Commun. Psychiatry 43, 509–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shinmoto, M., Kawarabayashi, T., Sugimori, H.et al. (1989) [The obstetric prognosis and neonatal outcome of pregnant women with psychiatric disorders.]Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi 41, 1965–1971.Google Scholar
Sibai, B. M., Gordon, T., Thom, E.et al. (1995) Risk factors for preeclampsia in healthy nulliparous women: a prospective multicenter study – The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 172, 642–648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sicree, R., Shaw, J., Zimmet, P. (2003) The global burden of diabetes. In Diabetes Atlas, ed Gan, D.. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation, pp. 15–71.
Silberstein, C., Galanter, M., Marmor, M.et al. (1994) human immunodeficiency virus-1 among inner city dually diagnosed inpatients. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 20, 101–113.Google Scholar
Silver, H., Kogan, H., Zlotogorski, D. (1990) Postural hypotension in chronically medicated schizophrenics. J. Clin. Psychiatry 51, 459–462.Google Scholar
Silverstone, T., Smith, G., Goodall, E. (1988) Prevalence of obesity in patients receiving depot antipsychotics. Br. J. Psychiatry 153, 214–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sim, K., Chong, S. A., Chan, Y. H., Lum, W. M. (2002) Thyroid dysfunction in chronic schizophrenia within a state psychiatric hospital. Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore 31, 641–644.Google Scholar
Singh, M. K., Giles, L. L., Nasrallah, H. A. (2006) Pain insensitivity in schizophrenia: trait or state marker?J. Psychiatr. Pract. 12, 90–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, M. M., Kay, S. R. (1976) Wheat gluten as a pathogenic factor in schizophrenia. Science 191, 401–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siscovick, D. S., Raghunathan, T. E., Psaty, B. M.et al. (1994) Diuretic therapy for hypertension and the risk of primary cardiac arrest. N. Engl. J. Med. 330, 1852–1857.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sleeper, F. H. (1935) Investigation of polyuria in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 91, 1019–1031.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., O'Keane, V., Murray, R. (2002) Sexual dysfunction in patients taking conventional antipsychotic medication. Br. J. Psychiatry 181, 49–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobel, D. E. (1961) Children of schizophrenic patients: preliminary observations on early development. Am. J. Psychiatry 118, 512–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spector, T. D. (1990) Rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. 16, 513–537.Google Scholar
Spratt, D. I., Pont, A., Miller, M. B.et al. (1982) Hyperthyroxinemia in patients with acute psychiatric disorders. Am. J. Med. 73, 41–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, H. L., Schmitt, B. P., Poses, R. M., Deiss, W. P. (1991) Does hypogonadism contribute to the occurrence of a minimal trauma hip tracture in elderly men? J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 39, 766–771.Google Scholar
Steiner, I., Abramsky, O. (1989) Autoimmune diseases of the neuroimmune system and mental disease. Immunol. Ser. 45, 491–511.Google Scholar
Steinert, T., Wolfersdorf, M., Thoma, H., Marpert, M. (1996) [Does long-term hospitalization modify cardiovascular morbidity in schizophrenic patients?]Fortschr. Neurol. Psychiatr. 64, 212–220.Google Scholar
Stevens, F. M., Lloyd, R. S., Geraghty, S. M.et al. (1977) Schizophrenia and coeliac disease: the nature of the relationship. Psychol. Med. 7, 259–263.Google Scholar
Stewart, D. L., Zuckerman, C. J., Ingle, J. M. (1994) human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence in a chronically mentally ill population. J. Natl Med. Assoc. 86, 519–523.Google Scholar
Subramaniam, M., Chong, S. A., Pek, E. (2003) Diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in patients with schizophrenia. Can. J. Psychiatry 48, 345–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugerman, A. A., Southern, D. L., Curran, J. F. (1982) A study of antibody levels in alcoholic, depressive and schizophrenic patients. Ann. Allergy 48, 166–171.Google Scholar
Susser, E., Valencia, E., Conover, S. (1993) Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among psychiatric patients in a New York City men's shelter. Am. J. Public Health 83, 568–570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sweetwood, H. L., Kripke, D. F., Grant, I., Yager, J., Gerst, M. S. (1976) Sleep disorder and psychobiological symptomatology in male psychiatric outpatients and male nonpatients. Psychosom. Med. 38, 373–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taieb, O., Baleyte, J. M., Mazet, P., Fillet, A. M. (2001) Borna disease virus and psychiatry. Eur. Psychiatry 16, 3–10.Google Scholar
Takahashi, K. I., Shimizu, T., Sugita, T., (1998) Prevalence of sleep-related respiratory disorders in 101 schizophrenic inpatients. Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. 52, 229–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, W. K., Sun, F. C., Ungvari, G. S., O'Donnell, D. (2004) Oral health of psychiatric in-patients in Hong Kong. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry 50, 186–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, D. C. (2003) Schizophrenias and epilepsies: why? when? how?Epilepsy Behav. 4, 474–482.Google Scholar
Taylor, S. (1984) Gilbert's syndrome as a cause of postoperative jaundice. Anaesthesia 39, 1222–1224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Templer, D. I., Cappelletty, G. G., Kauffman, I. (1988) Schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis: distribution in Italy. Br. J. Psychiatry 153, 389–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Templer, D. I., Regier, M. W., Corgiat, M. D. (1985) Similar distribution of schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis. J. Clin. Psychiatry 46, 73.Google Scholar
Terenius, L., Wahlstrom, A. (1978) Physiologic and clinical relevance of endorphins. In Centrally Acting Peptides, ed. Hughes, J.Baltimore, MD: Baltimore University Park Press, pp. 161–178.CrossRef
Test, M. A., Wallisch, L. S., Allness, D. J., Ripp, K. (1989) Substance abuse in young adults with schizophrenic disorders. Schizophr. Bull. 15, 465–476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teunissen, C. E., Vente, J., Steinbusch, H. W., Bruijn, C. (2002) Biochemical markers related to Alzheimer's dementia in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Neurobiol. Aging 23, 485–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thakore, J. H., Mann, J. N., Vlahos, I., Martin, A., Reznek, R. (2002) Increased visceral fat distribution in drug-naive and drug-free patients with schizophrenia. Int. J. Obes. Relat Metab. Disord. 26, 137–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Theisen, F. M., Linden, A., Geller, F.et al. (2001) Prevalence of obesity in adolescent and young adult patients with and without schizophrenia and in relationship to antipsychotic medication. J. Psychiatr. Res. 35, 339–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, A., Lavrentzou, E., Karouzos, C., Kontis, C. (1996) Factors which influence the oral condition of chronic schizophrenia patients. Spec. Care Dentist 16, 84–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tishler, P. V., Woodward, B., O'Connor, J.et al. (1985) High prevalence of intermittent acute porphyria in a psychiatric patient population. Am. J. Psychiatry 142, 1430–1436.Google Scholar
Torrey, E. F. (1979) Headaches after lumbar puncture and insensitivity to pain in psychiatric patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 301, 110.Google Scholar
Torrey, E. F. (1997) Out of the Shadows: Confronting America's Mental Illness Crisis. New York: John Wiley.
Torrey, E. F., Peterson, M. R. (1973) Slow and latent viruses in schizophrenia. Lancet , 22–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torrey, E. F., Yolken, R. H. (2001) The schizophrenia–rheumatoid arthritis connection: infectious, immune, or both?Brain Behav. Immun. 15, 401–410.Google Scholar
Torrey, E. F., Yolken, R. H. (2003) Toxoplasma gondii and schizophrenia. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9, 1375–1380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trevathan, R. D., Tatum, J. C. (1954) Rarity of occurrence of psychosis and rheumatoid arthritis in individual patients. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 120, 83–84.Google Scholar
Tsuang, M. T., Fleming, J. A., Simpson, J. C. (1999) Suicide and schizophrenia. In The Harvard Medical School Guide to Suicide Assessment and Intervention, ed. Jacobs, D. G.. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, pp. 287–299
Turkington, R. W. (1972) Prolactin secretion in patients treated with various drugs: phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, reserpine, and methyldopa. Arch. Intern. Med. 130, 349–354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ural, S. (2004) What is the Apgar score? Available online at www.kidshealth.org/parent/newborn/first_days/apgar.html
Varsamis, J., Adamson, J. D. (1976) Somatic symptoms in schizophrenia. Can. Psychiatr. Assoc. J. 21, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velasco, E., Machuca, G., Martinez-Sahuquillo, A.et al. (1997) Dental health among institutionalized psychiatric patients in Spain. Spec. Care Dentist 17, 203–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velasco-Ortega, E., Monsalve-Guil, L., Velasco-Ponferrada, C., Medel-Soteras, R., Segura-Egea, J. J. (2005) Temporomandibular disorders among schizophrenic patients: a case-control study. Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal. 10, 315–322.Google Scholar
Vieweg, W. V., David, J. J., Glick, J. L.et al. (1986) Polyuria among patients with psychosis. Schizophr. Bull. 12, 739–743.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vieweg, W. V., David, J. J., Rowe, W. T.et al. (1985) Death from self-induced water intoxication among patients with schizophrenic disorders. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 173, 161–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viskum, K. (1975) Mind and ulcer. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 51, 182–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volavka, J., Convit, A., Czobor, P.et al. (1991) human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence and risk behaviors in psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatr. Res. 39, 109–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wainberg, M. L., Cournos, F., McKinnon, K., Berkman, A. (2003) human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C in patients with schizophrenia. In Medical Illness and Schizophrenia, eds. Meyer, J. M., Nasrallah, H. A.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 115–140.
Warner, J. P., Barnes, T. R., Henry, J. A. (1996) Electrocardiographic changes in patients receiving neuroleptic medication. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 93, 311–313.Google Scholar
Watson, G. D., Chandarana, P. C., Merskey, H. (1981) Relationships between pain and schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 138, 33–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, R., Abel, K., Pickles, A., Appleby, L. (2005) Mortality in offspring of parents with psychotic disorders: a critical review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Psychiatry 162, 1045–1056.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinberg, A. D., Katzell, T. D. (1977) Thyroid and adrenal function among psychiatric patients. Lancet , 1104–1105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinreb, M., Kraus, V., Krausova, J., Hudcova, T. (1978) Negligible hepatotoxicity of chlorpromazine in long-term therapy. Acta. Nerv. Super. (Praha) 20, 280–281.Google Scholar
Wesselmann, U., Windgassen, K. (1995) Galactorrhea: subjective response by schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 91, 152–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wetterling, T., Pest, S., Mussigbrodt, H., Weber, B. (2004) [Bodyweight in inpatients with schizophrenia.]Psychiatr. Prax. 31, 250–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, K. E., Cummings, J. L. (1996) Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease: clinical and pathophysiologic analogies. Compr. Psychiatry 37, 188–195.Google Scholar
Wieck, A., Haddad, P. M. (2003) Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia in women: pathophysiology, severity and consequences – selective literature review. Br. J. Psychiatry 182, 199–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiedorn, W. S. (1954) Toxemia of pregnancy and schizophrenia. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 120, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Windgassen, K., Wesselmann, U., Schulze, M. H. (1996) Galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia in schizophrenic patients on neuroleptics: frequency and etiology. Neuropsychobiology 33, 142–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winkelman, J. W. (2001) Schizophrenia, obesity, and obstructive sleep apnea. J. Clin. Psychiatry 62, 8–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolff, A. L., O'Driscoll, G. A. (1999) Motor deficits and schizophrenia: the evidence from neuroleptic-naive patients and populations at risk. J. Psychiatr. Neurosci. 24, 304–314.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1992) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revn. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization (1999) Report of a WHO Consultation: Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Part I: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization (2001) World Health Report 2001: Mental Health – New Understanding, New Hope. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization (2004) human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immundeficiency syndrome Statistics and Features, End of 2002 and 2004. Available online at www.unaids.org/wad2004/EPIupdate2004_html_en/Epi04_12_en.htm#P227_67386
Wrede, G., Mednick, S. A., Huttunen, M. O., Nilsson, C. G. (1980) Pregnancy and delivery complications in the births of an unselected series of Finnish children with schizophrenic mothers. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 62, 369–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yase, Y., Matsumoto, N., Azuma, K., Nakai, Y., Shiraki, H. (1972) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: association with schizophrenic symptoms and showing Alzheimer's tangles. Arch. Neurol. 27, 118–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, T., Palta, M., Dempsey, J.et al. (1993) The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 328, 1230–1235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zamperetti, M., Goldwurm, G. F., Abbate, E., et al. (1990) Attempted suicide and human immunodeficiency virus infection: epidemiological aspects in a psychiatric ward. International Conference on acquired immundeficiency syndrome, San Francisco, CA.
Zaridze, D. G., Boyle, P. (1987) Cancer of the prostate: epidemiology and aetiology. Br. J. Urol. 59, 493–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zax, M., Sameroff, A. J., Babigian, H. M. (1977) Birth outcomes in the offspring of mentally disordered women. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 47, 218–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeenreich, A., Gochstein, B., Grinshpoon, A.et al. (1998) [Recurrent tuberculosis in a psychiatric hospital: recurrent outbreaks during 1987–1996.]Harefuah 134, 168–172, 248, 247.Google Scholar
Zhang-Wong, J. H., Seeman, M. V. (2002) Antipsychotic drugs, menstrual regularity and osteoporosis risk. Arch. Women Ment. Health 5, 93–98.Google Scholar
Zimmet, P. (2005) Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus and associated cardiovascular risk factors: focus on human immunodeficiency virus and psychiatric disorders. Am. J. Med. 118 (Suppl. 2), 3S-8S.Google Scholar
Zito, J. M., Sofair, J. B., Jaeger, J. (1990) Self-reported neuroendocrine effects of antipsychotics in women: a pilot study. Drug Intell. Clin. Pharmacy 24, 176–180.Google Scholar
Abraham, G., Paing, W. W., Kaminski, J.et al. (2003) Effects of elevated serum prolactin on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in female patients with schizophrenia: a prospective study. Am. J. Psychiatry 160, 1618–1620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, P. F., Marano, M. A. (1995) Current estimates for the National Health Interview Survey, 1994. Vital Health Stat. 10, 1–260.Google Scholar
Aizenberg, D., Zemishlany, Z., Dorfman-Etrog, P., Weizman, A. (1995) Sexual dysfunction in male schizophrenic patients. J. Clin. Psychiatry 56, 137–141.Google Scholar
Aleman, A., Kahn, R. S., Selten, J. P. (2003) Sex differences in the risk of schizophrenia: evidence from meta-analysis. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 60, 565–571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allebeck, P. (1989) Schizophrenia: a life-shortening disease. Schizophr. Bull. 15, 81–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allebeck, P., Rodvall, Y., Wistedt, B. (1985) Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis among patients with schizophrenia, affective psychosis and neurosis. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 71, 615–619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allison, D. B., Fontaine, K. R., Heo, M.et al. (1999a) The distribution of body mass index among individuals with and without schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychiatry 60, 215–220.Google Scholar
Allison, D. B., Mentore, J. L., Heo, M.et al. (1999b) Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis. Am. J. Psychiatry 156, 1686–1696.Google Scholar
Alvarez, L. M., Castillo, S. T., Perez Zuno, J. A.et al. (1995) [Activity of aryl sulfatase A enzyme in patients with schizophrenic disorders]. Rev. Invest. Clin. 47, 387–392.Google Scholar
American Diabetes Association (2006) Clinical practice recommendations. Diabetes Care29. Available online at http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/vol29/suppl_1/.
American Diabetes Association, American Psychiatric Association, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, North American Association for the Study of Obesity (2004) Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care 27, 596–601.
Apostolakis, M., Kapetanakis, S. (1972) Plasma prolactin activity in patients with galactorrhea after treatment with psychotropic drugs. In Lactogenic Hormones, ed. Wolstenholme, G. E. W. and Knight, J.. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, pp. 349–359.
Arce, C. R., Baca-Garcia, E., Diaz-Sastre, C., Baca, B. E. (1999) [Analytical thyroid disturbances in psychiatric inpatients.]Actas Esp. Psiquiatr. 27, 35–42.Google Scholar
Ataya, K., Mercado, A., Kartaginer, J., Abbasi, A., Moghissi, K. S. (1988) Bone density and reproductive hormones in patients with neuroleptic-induced hyperprolactinemia. Fertil. Steril. 50, 876–881.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, S. A., Ward, W. E. (2001) Clinical nutrition: 2. The role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of adult osteoporosis. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 165, 1511–1514.Google Scholar
Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Montanes, F., Lastra, I., Picazo, d.l.G., Ayuso-Gutierrez, J. L. (1997) human immunodeficiency virus infection in psychiatric patients: an unlinked anonymous study. Br. J. Psychiatry 170, 181–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baastrup, P. C., Christiansen, C., Transbol, I. (1980) Calcium metabolism in schizophrenic patients on long-term neuroleptic therapy. Neuropsychobiology 6, 56–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagedahl-Strindlund, M. (1986) Mentally ill mothers and their children: an epidemiological study of antenatal care consumption, obstetric conditions, and neonatal health. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 74, 32–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baillargeon, J., Ducate, S., Pulvino, J.et al. (2003) The association of psychiatric disorders and human immunodeficiency virus infection in the correctional setting. Ann. Epidemiol. 13, 606–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldwin, J. A. (1979) Schizophrenia and physical disease. Psychol. Med. 9, 611–618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballenger, J. C., Post, R. M., Sternberg, D. E.et al. (1979) Headaches after lumbar puncture and insensitivity to pain in psychiatric patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 301, 110.Google Scholar
Ban, T. A., Guy, W., Wilson, W. H. (1985) Neuroleptic-induced skin pigmentation in chronic hospitalized schizophrenic patients. Can. J. Psychiatry 30, 406–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barak, Y., Achiron, A., Mandel, M., Mirecki, I., Aizenberg, D. (2005) Reduced cancer incidence among patients with schizophrenia. Cancer 104, 2817–2821.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basu, R., Brar, J. S., Chengappa, K. N.et al. (2004) The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizoaffective disorder–bipolar subtype. Bipolar Disord. 6, 314–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxter, D., Appleby, L. (1999) Case register study of suicide risk in mental disorders. Br. J. Psychiatry 175, 322–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaumont, J. G., Dimond, S. J. (1973) Brain disconnection and schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 123, 661–662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benca, R. M., Obermeyer, W. H., Thisted, R. A., Gillin, J. C. (1992) Sleep and psychiatric disorders: a meta-analysis. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 49, 651–668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennedsen, B. E. (1998) Adverse pregnancy outcome in schizophrenic women: occurrence and risk factors. Schizophr. Res. 33, 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennedsen, B. E., Mortensen, P. B., Olesen, A. V., Henriksen, T. B. (1999) Preterm birth and intra-uterine growth retardation among children of women with schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 175, 239–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennedsen, B. E., Mortensen, P. B., Olesen, A. V., Henriksen, T. B. (2001a) Congenital malformations, stillbirths, and infant deaths among children of women with schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 58, 674–679.Google Scholar
Bennedsen, B. E., Mortensen, P. B., Olesen, A. V., Henriksen, T. B., Frydenberg, M. (2001b) Obstetric complications in women with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 47, 167–175.Google Scholar
Bennett, N., Dodd, T., Flatley, J., Freeth, S., Bolling, K. (1995) Health Survey for England 1993. London: HMSO.
Bergemann, N., Auler, B., Parzer, P.et al. (2001) High bone turnover but normal bone mineral density in women with schizophrenia. Bone 28, 248.Google Scholar
Bernstein, L., Ross, R. K. (1993) Endogenous hormones and breast cancer risk. Epidemiol. Rev. 15, 48–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernstein, L., Ross, R. K., Pike, M. C., Brown, J. B., Henderson, B. E. (1990) Hormone levels in older women: a study of post-menopausal breast cancer patients and healthy population controls. Br. J. Cancer 61, 298–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bilici, M., Cakirbay, H., Guler, M.et al. (2002) Classical and atypical neuroleptics, and bone mineral density, in patients with schizophrenia. Int. J. Neurosci. 112, 817–828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, J. R., Alexander, B., Lund, B. C., Klepser, T. B. (2004) Osteoporosis screening and treatment in women with schizophrenia: a controlled study. Pharmacotherapy 24, 515–521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, D. W., Winokur, G., Warrack, G. (1985) Suicide in schizophrenia: the Iowa Record Linkage Study. J. Clin. Psychiatry 46, 14–17.Google Scholar
Blackburn, H., Keys, A., Simonson, E., Rautaharju, P., Punsar, S. (1960) Electrocardiogram in population studies. Circulation 21, 1160–1175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blank, M. B., Mandell, D. S., Aiken, L., Hadley, T. R. (2002) Co-occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus and serious mental illness among Medicaid recipients. Psychiatr. Serv. 53, 868–873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bleuler, E. (1911) Textbook of Psychiatry. New York: Dover Publications.
Blohmke, M., Koschorrek, B., Stelzer, O. (1970) Häufigkeiten von Risikofaktoren der koronaren Herzkrankheiten in verschiedenen Altersgruppen und sozialen Schichten bei Männern. Z. Geront. 3, 201.Google Scholar
Blum, A., Tempey, F. W., Lynch, W. J. (1983) Somatic findings in patients with psychogenic polydipsia. J. Clin. Psychiatry 44, 55–56.Google Scholar
Blumensohn, R., Ringler, D., Eli, I. (2002) Pain perception in patients with schizophrenia. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 190, 481–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonney, W. W., Gupta, S., Hunter, D. R., Arndt, S. (1997) Bladder dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 25, 243–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowie, C. R., Harvey, P. D. (2005) Cognition in schizophrenia: impairments, determinants, and functional importance. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 28, 613–633, 626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bracken, P., Coll, P. (1985) Homocystinuria and schizophrenia: literature review and case report. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 173, 51–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bremner, A. J., Regan, A. (1991) Intoxicated by water: polydipsia and water intoxication in a mental handicap hospital. Br. J. Psychiatry 158, 244–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brookes, G., Ahmed, A. G. (2002) Pharmacological treatments for psychosis-related polydipsia. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. CD003544.CrossRef
Brown, J. S. Jr. (1996) Geographic correlation of multiple sclerosis with tick-borne diseases. Mult. Scler. 1, 257–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, S. (1997) Excess mortality of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Br. J. Psychiatry 171, 502–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, S., Birtwistle, J., Roe, L., Thompson, C. (1999) The unhealthy lifestyle of people with schizophrenia. Psychol. Med. 29, 697–701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, S., Inskip, H., Barraclough, B. (2000) Causes of the excess mortality of schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 177, 212–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bundesgesundheitsministerium der BRD (1991) Daten des Gesundheitswesens. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
Burkitt, E. A., Khan, K. (1973) Myasthenia gravis and schizophrenia: a rare combination. Br. J. Psychiatry 122, 735–736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bushe, C., Holt, R. (2004) Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in patients with schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry (Suppl.) 47, S67–S71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cadalbert, M., Fenner, A., Schamaun, M. (1970) [Functional megacolon in mental patients.]Helv. Chir. Acta 37, 181–184.Google Scholar
Campbell, E. B., Foley, S. (2004) Coeliac disease and schizophrenia: data do not support hypothesis. Br. Med. J. 328, 1017.Google Scholar
Canuso, C. M., Goldstein, J. M., Wojcik, J.et al. (2002) Antipsychotic medication, prolactin elevation, and ovarian function in women with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Psychiatr. Res. 111, 11–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casadebaig, F., Philippe, A., Guillaud-Bataille, J. M.et al. (1997) Schizophrenic patients: physical health and access to somatic care. Eur. Psychiatry 12, 289–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casey, D. E. (1993) Neuroleptic-induced acute extrapyramidal syndromes and tardive dystinesia. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 16, 589–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chafetz, L., White, M. C., Collins-Bride, G., Nickens, J. (2005) The poor general health of the severely mentally ill: impact of schizophrenic diagnosis. Commun. Ment. Health J. 41, 169–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaudhury, S., Chandra, S., Augustine, M. (1994) Prevalence of Australia-antigen (Hbsag) in institutionalized patients with psychosis. Br. J. Psychiatry 164, 542–543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, C. H. (1994) Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among Chinese psychiatric patients in Taiwan. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 89, 441–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, H. S., Wang, L. C. (2005) Intestinal parasites may not cause nosocomial infections in psychiatric hospitals. Parasitol. Res. 95, 358–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chong, S. A., Tan, L. L., Wong, M. C.et al. (1997) Disordered water homeostasis in Asian patients with schizophrenia. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 31, 869–873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chong, S. A., Mythily, Lum A., Goh, H. Y., Chan, Y. H. (2003) Prolonged QTc intervals in medicated patients with schizophrenia. Hum. Psychopharmacol. 18, 647–649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chopra, I. J., Solomon, D. H., Huang, T. S. (1990) Serum thyrotropin in hospitalized psychiatric patients: evidence for hyperthyrotropinemia as measured by an ultrasensitive thyrotropin assay. Metabolism 39, 538–543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cividini, A., Pistorio, A., Regazzetti, A.et al. (1997) Hepatitis C virus infection among institutionalized psychiatric patients: a regression analysis of indicators of risk. J. Hepatol. 27, 455–463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, D. J., Buckley, M. E. (1989) Familial association of albinism and schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 155, 551–553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clevenger, C. V., Furth, P. A., Hankinson, S. E., Schuler, L. A. (2003) The role of prolactin in mammary carcinoma. Endocr. Rev. 24, 1–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cnattingius, S., Mills, J. L., Yuen, J., Eriksson, O., Salonen, H. (1997) The paradoxical effect of smoking in preeclamptic pregnancies: smoking reduces the incidence but increases the rates of perinatal mortality, abruptio placentae, and intrauterine growth restriction. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 177, 156–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coghlan, R., Lawrence, D., Holman, D'A., Jablensky, A. (2001) Duty to Care: Physical Illness in People with Mental Illness. Perth, WA: University of Western Australia, Department of Public Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science. Available online at www.populationhealth.uwa.edu.au/dutytocare
Cohen, A. J., Roe, F. J. (2000) Review of risk factors for osteoporosis with particular reference to a possible aetiological role of dietary salt. Food Chem. Toxicol. 38, 237–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, D., Gispen-de Wied, C. C. (2003) [Schizophrenia and diabetes mellitus: not an improbable combination.]Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 147, 993–996.Google Scholar
Cohen, H., Loewenthal, U., Matar, M., Kotler, M. (2001) [Heart rate variability in schizophrenic patients treated with antipsychotic agents.]Harefuah 140, 1142–7, 1231.Google Scholar
Cohen, K. L., Swigar, M. E. (1979) Thyroid function screening in psychiatric patients. J. Am. Med. Ass. 242, 254–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, M., Dembling, B., Schorling, J. (2002) The association between schizophrenia and cancer: a population-based mortality study. Schizophr. Res. 57, 139–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohler, B. J., Gallant, D. H., Grunebaum, H. U., Weiss, J. L., Gamer, E. (1975) Pregnancy and birth complications among mentally ill and well mothers and their children. Soc. Biol. 22, 269–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohn, T., Prud'homme, D., Streiner, D., Kameh, H., Remington, G. (2004) Characterizing coronary heart disease risk in chronic schizophrenia: high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. Can. J. Psychiatry 49, 753–760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colton, C. W., Manderscheid, R. W. (2006) Congruencies in increased mortality rates, years of potential life lost, and causes of death among public mental health clients in eight states. Prev. Chronic Dis. 3, A42.Google Scholar
Conejero-Goldberg, C., Torrey, E. F., Yolken, R. H. (2003) Herpesviruses and Toxoplasma gondii in orbital frontal cortex of psychiatric patients. Schizophr. Res. 60, 65–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coodin, S. (2001) Body mass index in persons with schizophrenia. Can. J. Psychiatry 46, 549–555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, A. F. (1976) Deafness and psychiatric illness. Br. J. Psychiatry 129, 216–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Correll, C. U., Leucht, S., Kane, J. M. (2004) Lower risk for tardive dyskinesia associated with second-generation antipsychotics: a systematic review of 1-year studies. Am. J. Psychiatry 161, 414–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cotran, R. S., Kumar, V., Robbins, S. L. (1989) Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 4th edn. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders.
Council of the National Osteoporosis Foundation (1996) Guidelines for the early detection of osteoporosis and prediction of fracture risk. S. Afr. Med. J. 86, 1113–1116.
Cournos, F., McKinnon, K. (1997) human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence among people with severe mental illness in the United States: a critical review. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 17, 259–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cournos, F., Empfield, M., Horwath, E.et al. (1991) human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence among patients admitted to two psychiatric hospitals. Am. J. Psychiatry 148, 1225–1230.Google Scholar
Cournos, F., Horwath, E., Guido, J. R., McKinnon, K., Hopkins, N. (1994) human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection at two public psychiatric hospitals in New York City. acquired immundeficiency syndrome Care 6, 443–452.Google Scholar
Cradock-O'Leary, J., Young, A. S., Yano, E. M., Wang, M. M., Lee, M. L. (2002) Use of general medical services by ventricular arrhythmia patients with psychiatric disorders. Psychiatr. Serv. 53, 874–878.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cramer, J. A., Rosenheck, R. (1998) Compliance with medication regimens for mental and physical disorders. Psychiatr. Serv. 49, 196–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Creese, I., Feinberg, A. P., Snyder, S. H. (1976) Butyrophenone influences on the opiate receptor. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 36, 231–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curkendall, S. M., Mo, J., Glasser, D. B., Rose, S. M., Jones, J. K. (2004) Cardiovascular disease in patients with schizophrenia in Saskatchewan, Canada. J. Clin. Psychiatry 65, 715–720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalton, S. O., Munk, L. T., Mellemkjaer, L., Johansen, C., Mortensen, P. B. (2003) Schizophrenia and the risk for breast cancer. Schizophr. Res. 62, 89–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalton, S. O., Laursen, T. M., Mellemkjaer, L., Johansen, C., Mortensen, P. B. (2004) Risk for cancer in parents of patients with schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 161, 903–908.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalton, S. O., Mellemkjaer, L., Thomassen, L., Mortensen, P. B., Johansen, C. (2005) Risk for cancer in a cohort of patients hospitalized for schizophrenia in Denmark, 1969–1993. Schizophr. Res. 75, 315–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dasananjali, T. (1994) The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among mentally ill offenders in Thailand. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 77, 257–260.Google Scholar
Daumit, G. L., Goldberg, R. W., Anthony, C.et al. (2005) Physical activity patterns in adults with severe mental illness. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 193, 641–646.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daumit, G. L., Pronovost, P. J., Anthony, C. B.et al. (2006) Adverse events during medical and surgical hospitalizations for persons with schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 63, 267–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David, A., Malmberg, A., Lewis, G., Brandt, L., Allebeck, P. (1995) Are there neurological and sensory risk factors for schizophrenia?Schizophr. Res. 14, 247–251.Google Scholar
Davidson, M. (2002) Risk of cardiovascular disease and sudden death in schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychiatry 63 (Suppl. 9), 5–11.Google Scholar
Davidson, S., Judd, F., Jolley, D.et al. (2001) Cardiovascular risk factors for people with mental illness. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 35, 196–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, G. C., Buchsbaum, M. S., Naber, D.et al. (1982) Altered pain perception and cerebrospinal endorphins in psychiatric illness. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 398, 366–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, J. M., Cole, J. O. (1975) Antipsychotic drugs. In American Handbook of Psychiatry, ed. Arieti, S.. New York: Basic Books, pp. 441–475.
Hert, M. A., Winkel, R., Eyck, D.et al. (2006) Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotic medication. Schizophr. Res. 83, 87–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leon, J. (2003) Polydipsia: a study in a long-term psychiatric unit. Eur. Arch. Psychiatr Clin. Neurosci. 253, 37–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leon, J., Diaz, F. J. (2005) A meta-analysis of worldwide studies demonstrates an association between schizophrenia and tobacco smoking behaviors. Schizophr. Res. 76, 135–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leon, J., Verghese, C., Tracy, J. I., Josiassen, R. C., Simpson, G. M. (1994) Polydipsia and water intoxication in psychiatric patients: a review of the epidemiological literature. Biol. Psychiatry 35, 408–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leon, J., Dadvand, M., Canuso, C.et al. (1996) Polydipsia and water intoxication in a long-term psychiatric hospital. Biol. Psychiatry 40, 28–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leon, J., Tracy, J., McCann, E., McGrory, A. (2002) Polydipsia and schizophrenia in a psychiatric hospital: a replication study. Schizophr. Res. 57, 293–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santis, A., Addolorato, G., Romito, A.et al. (1997) Schizophrenic symptoms and SPECT abnormalities in a coeliac patient: regression after a gluten-free diet. J. Intern. Med. 242, 421–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delaplaine, R., Ifabumuyi, O. I., Merskey, H., Zarfas, J. (1978) Significance of pain in psychiatric hospital patients. Pain 4, 361–366.Google Scholar
Delisi, L. E., Smith, S. B., Hamovit, J. R.et al. (1986) Herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus antibody titres in sera from schizophrenic patients. Psychol. Med. 16, 757–763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delva, N. J., Crammer, J. L., Jarzylo, S. V.et al. (1989) Osteopenia, pathological fractures, and increased urinary calcium excretion in schizophrenic patients with polydipsia. Biol. Psychiatry 26, 781–793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Desai, M. M., Rosenheck, R. A., Druss, B. G., Perlin, J. B. (2002) Mental disorders and quality of diabetes care in the veterans health administration. American Journal of Psychiatry 159, 1584–1590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Destounis, N. (1966) The relationship between schizophrenia and toxoplasmosis: a critical study. Del. Med. J. 38, 349–351.Google Scholar
Dewan, M. J., Bick, P. A. (1985) Normal pressure hydrocephalus and psychiatric patients. Biol. Psychiatry 20, 1127–1131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickerson, F. B., Brown, C. H., Kreyenbuhl, J.et al. (2004) Sexual and reproductive behaviors among persons with mental illness. Psychiatr. Serv. 55, 1299–1301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickerson, F. B., Brown, C. H., Daumit, G. L.et al. (2006) Health status of individuals with serious mental illness. Schizophr. Bull. 32, 584–589.Google Scholar
Dickerson, J. W., Wiryanti, J. (1978) Pellagra and mental disturbance. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 37, 167–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickson, R. A., Glazer, W. M. (1999) Neuroleptic-induced hyperprolactinemia. Schizophr. Res. 35 (Suppl.), S75–S86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, L., Haas, G., Weiden, P. J., Sweeney, J., Frances, A. J. (1991) Drug abuse in schizophrenic patients: clinical correlates and reasons for use. Am. J. Psychiatry 148, 224–230.Google Scholar
Dixon, L., Postrado, L., Delahanty, J., Fischer, P. J., Lehman, A. (1999) The association of medical comorbidity in schizophrenia with poor physical and mental health. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 187, 496–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, L., Weiden, P., Delahanty, J.et al. (2003) Prevalence and correlates of diabetes in national schizophrenia samples. Schizophr. Bull. 26, 903–912.Google Scholar
Dohan, F. C., Grasberger, J. C. (1973) Relapsed schizophrenics: earlier discharge from the hospital after cereal-free, milk-free diet. Am. J. Psychiatry 130, 685–688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dohan, F. C., Grasberger, J. C., Lowell, F. M., Johnston, H. T.., Arbegast, A. W. (1969) Relapsed schizophrenics: more rapid improvement on a milk- and cereal-free diet. Br. J. Psychiatry 115, 595–596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorrell, W. (1973) Myasthenia gravis and schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 123, 249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, R. E., Wallach, M. A. (1989) Substance abuse among the chronic mentally ill. Hosp. Commun. Psychiatry 40, 1041–1046.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, R. E., Rosenberg, S. D., Mueser, K. T. (1996) Assessing substance use disorder in persons with severe mental illness. New Dir. Ment. Health Serv.70, 3–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drossman, D. A. (1994) Irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterologist 2, 315–326.Google Scholar
Duc, L. (1952) [Contribution to the study of the disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in mental disorders: diabetes and psychoses.]Schweiz. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatr. 69, 89–169.Google Scholar
du Pan, R. M., Muller, C. (1977) [Cancer mortality in patients of psychiatric hospitals.]Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. 107, 597–604.Google Scholar
Dupont, A., Jensen, O. M., Strömgren, E., Jablensky, A. (1986) Incidence of cancer in patients diagnosed as schizophrenic in Denmark. In Psychiatric Case Registers in Public Health, eds. Horn, G. H. Ten, Giel, R., Gulbinat, W. H.. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 229–239.
Dworkin, R. H. (1994) Pain insensitivity in schizophrenia: a neglected phenomenon and some implications. Schizophr. Bull. 20, 235–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eaton, W. W., Hayward, C., Ram, R. (1992) Schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis: a review. Schizophr. Res. 6, 181–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eaton, W. W., Mortensen, P. B., Agerbo, E.et al. (2004) Coeliac disease and schizophrenia: population-based case control study with linkage of Danish national registers. Br. Med. J. 328, 438–439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eaton, W. W., Byrne, M., Ewald, H.et al. (2006) Association of schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: linkage of Danish national registers. Am. J. Psychiatry 163, 521–528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebert, T., Kotler, M. (2005) Prenatal exposure to influenza and the risk of subsequent development of schizophrenia. Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 7, 35–38.Google Scholar
Ehrentheil, O. F. (1957) Common medical disorders rarely found in psychotic patients. Am. Med. Assoc. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry 77, 178–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Empfield, M., Cournos, F., Meyer, I.et al. (1993) human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence among homeless patients admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit. Am. J. Psychiatry 150, 47–52.Google Scholar
Emsley, R. A., Meer, M. H., Aalbers, C., Taljaard, J. J. (1990) Inappropriate antidiuretic state in long-term psychiatric inpatients. S. Afr. Med. J. 77, 307–308.Google Scholar
Enger, C., Weatherby, L., Reynolds, R. F., Glasser, D. B., Walker, A. M. (2004) Serious cardiovascular events and mortality among patients with schizophrenia. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 192, 19–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L. (1968) Mortality rates in the offspring of schizophrenic parents and a physiological advantage hypothesis. Nature 220, 798–800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Essen-Moller, W. (1935) Untersuchungen über die Fruchtbarkeit gewisser Gruppen von Geisteskranken. Acta Psychiatr. Neurol. (Suppl.) 8, 1–314.Google Scholar
Evenson, R. C., Jos, C. J., Mallya, A. R. (1987) Prevalence of polydipsia among public psychiatric patients. Psychol. Rep. 60, 803–807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ewald, H., Mortensen, P. B., Mors, O. (2001) Decreased risk of acute appendicitis in patients with schizophrenia or manic-depressive psychosis. Schizophr. Res. 49, 287–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Expert Group: Schizophrenia and Diabetes 2003 (2004) Expert Consensus Meeting, Dublin, 3–4 October 2003: consensus summary. Br. J. Psychiatry (Suppl.) 47, S112-S114.
Fellerhoff, B., Laumbacher, B., Wank, R. (2005) High risk of schizophrenia and other mental disorders associated with chlamydial infections: hypothesis to combine drug treatment and adoptive immunotherapy. Med. Hypotheses 65, 243–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenton, W. S. (2000) Prevalence of spontaneous dyskinesia in schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychiatry 61, 10–14.Google Scholar
Ferrier, I. N. (1985) Water intoxication in patients with psychiatric illness. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Edn) 291, 1594–1596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Filik, R., Sipos, A., Kehoe, P. G.et al. (2006) The cardiovascular and respiratory health of people with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 113, 298–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, I. I., Bienskii, A. V., Fedorova, I. V. (1996) Experience in using serological tests in detecting tuberculosis in patients with severe mental pathology. Probl. Tuberk. 1, 19–20.Google Scholar
Folsom, D. P., McCahill, M., Bartels, S.et al. (2002) Medical comorbidity and receipt of medical care by older homeless people with schizophrenia or depression. Psychiatri. Serv. 53, 1456–1460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, B. H., Howell, M. A. (1974) Cancer risk among psychiatric patients: a hypothesis. Int. J. Epidemiol. 3, 207–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freedman, R. (2003) Schizophrenia. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 1738–1749.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedlander, A. H., Marder, S. R. (2002) The psychopathology, medical management and dental implications of schizophrenia. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 133, 603–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galbraith, D. A., Gordon, B. A., Feleki, V., Gordon, N., Cooper, A. J. (1989) Metachromatic leukodystrophy (metachromatic leukodystrophy) in hospitalized adult schizophrenic patients resistant to drug treatment. Can. J. Psychiatry 34, 299–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallien, M., Schnetzler, J. P., Morin, J. (1975) [Antinuclear antibodies and lupus due to phenothiazines in 600 hospitalized patients.]Ann. Med. Psychol. (Paris) 1, 237–248.Google Scholar
Geschwind, N. (1977) Insensitivity to pain in psychotic patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 296, 1480.Google Scholar
Ghadirian, A. M., Chouinard, G., Annable, L. (1982) Sexual dysfunction and plasma prolactin levels in neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic outpatients. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 170, 463–467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gingell, K. H., Darley, J. S., Lengua, C. A., Baddela, P. (1993) Menstrual changes with antipsychotic drugs. Br. J. Psychiatry 162, 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gittleson, N. L., Richardson, T. D. (1973) Myasthenia gravis and schizophrenia: a rare combination. Br. J. Psychiatry 122, 343–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goff, D. C., Sullivan, L. M., McEvoy, J. P.et al. (2005) A comparison of ten-year cardiac risk estimates in schizophrenia patients from the Clinical Trials of Antipsychotic Treatment Effectiveness study and matched controls. Schizophr. Res. 80, 45–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goffin, V., Touraine, P., Pichard, C., Bernichtein, S., Kelly, P. A. (1999) Should prolactin be reconsidered as a therapeutic target in human breast cancer?Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 151, 79–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldacre, M. J., Kurina, L. M., Yeates, D., Seagroat, V., Gill, L. (2000) Use of large medical databases to study associations between diseases. Q. J. Med. 93, 669–675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldacre, M. J., Kurina, L. M., Wotton, C. J., Yeates, D., Seagroat, V. (2005) Schizophrenia and cancer: an epidemiological study. Br. J. Psychiatry 187, 334–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldfarb, W. (1958) Pain reactions in a group of institutionalized schizophrenic children. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 28, 777–785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldman, L. S. (1999) Medical illness in patients with schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychiatry 60 (Suppl. 21), 10–15.Google Scholar
Goodman, S. H., Emory, E. K. (1992) Perinatal complications in births to low socioeconomic status schizophrenic and depressed women. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 101, 225–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottesman, I. I., Groome, C. S. (1997) human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immundeficiency syndrome risks as a consequence of schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 23, 675–684.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gourdy, P., Ruidavets, J. B., Ferrieres, J.et al. (2001) Prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the middle-aged population of three French regions: the MONICA study 1995–97. Diabetes Metab. 27, 347–358.Google Scholar
Grady, D., Rubin, S. M., Petitti, D. B.et al. (1992) Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Ann. Intern. Med. 117, 1016–1037.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grassi, L. (1996) Risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in psychiatrically ill patients. acquired immundeficiency syndrome Care 8, 103–116.Google Scholar
Gregg, D. (1939) The paucity of arthritis among psychotic cases. Am. J. Psychiatry 95, 853–858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grinshpoon, A., Barchana, M., Ponizovsky, A.et al. (2005) Cancer in schizophrenia: is the risk higher or lower?Schizophr. Res. 73, 333–341.Google Scholar
Gulbinat, W., Dupont, A., Jablensky, A.et al. (1992) Cancer incidence of schizophrenic patients: results of record linkage studies in three countries. Br. J. Psychiatry (Suppl.) 18, 75–83.Google Scholar
Gupta, S., Masand, P. S., Kaplan, D., Bhandary, A., Hendricks, S. (1997) The relationship between schizophrenia and irritable bowel syndrome (irritable bowel syndrome). Schizophr. Res. 23, 265–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hafner, H., Maurer, K., Loffler, W.et al. (1994) The epidemiology of early schizophrenia: influence of age and gender on onset and early course. Br. J. Psychiatry (Suppl.) 23, 29–38.Google Scholar
Halbreich, U., Palter, S. (1996) Accelerated osteoporosis in psychiatric patients: possible pathophysiological processes. Schizophr. Bull. 22, 447–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halbreich, U., Rojansky, N., Palter, S.et al. (1995) Decreased bone mineral density in medicated psychiatric patients. Psychosom. Med. 57, 485–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halbreich, U., Kinon, B. J., Gilmore, J. A., Kahn, L. S. (2003) Elevated prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia: mechanisms and related adverse effects. Psychoneuroendocrinology 28 (Suppl. 1), 53–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halonen, P. E., Rimon, R., Arohonka, K., Jantti, V. (1974) Antibody levels to herpes simplex type I, measles and rubella viruses in psychiatric patients. Br. J. Psychiatry 125, 461–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, E. C., Barraclough, B. (1998) Excess mortality of mental disorder. Br. J. Psychiatry 173, 11–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, G., Owens, D., Holton, A., Neilson, D., Boot, D. (1988) A prospective study of severe mental disorder in Afro-Caribbean patients. Psychol. Med. 18, 643–657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, I., Williams, M., McGuffin, P., Toone, B. K. (1990) The functional psychoses in Afro-Caribbeans. Br. J. Psychiatry 157, 515–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatta, K., Takahashi, T., Nakamura, H.et al. (1998) Abnormal physiological conditions in acute schizophrenic patients on emergency admission: dehydration, hypokalemia, leukocytosis and elevated serum muscle enzymes. Eur. Arch. Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. 248, 180–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heiskanen, T., Niskanen, L., Lyytikainen, R., Saarinen, P. I., Hintikka, J. (2003) Metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychiatry 64, 575–579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hennessy, S., Bilker, W. B., Knauss, J. S.et al. (2002) Cardiac arrest and ventricular arrhythmia in patients taking antipsychotic drugs: cohort study using administrative data. Br. Med. J. 325, 1070.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herkert, E. E., Wald, A., Romero, O. (1972) Tuberous sclerosis and schizophrenia. Dis. Nerv. Syst. 33, 439–445.Google Scholar
Herold, G. (2002) Innere Medizin. Köln: Gerd Herold.
Hinterhuber, H., Lochenegg, L. (1975) [Gastric ulcers, stress and schizophrenia: incidence of gastric ulcers in male schizophrenic patients.]Arch. Psychiatr. Nervenkr. 220, 335–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffer, A. (1970) Pellagra and schizophrenia. Psychosomatics 11, 522–525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holt, R. I., Peveler, R. C., Byrne, C. D. (2004) Schizophrenia, the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Diabet. Med. 21, 515–523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Homel, P., Casey, D., Allison, D. B. (2002) Changes in body mass index for individuals with and without schizophrenia, 1987–1996. Schizophr. Res. 55, 277–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horrobin, D. F., Ally, A. I., Karmali, R. A.et al. (1978) Prostaglandins and schizophrenia: further discussion of the evidence. Psychol. Med. 8, 43–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoskins, R. G., Sleeper, F. H. (1933) Organic functions in schizophrenia. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 30, 123–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, L., Shah, N., Salmon, M., Appleby, L. (2003) Predictors of social services supervision of babies of mothers with mental illness after admission to a psychiatric mother and baby unit. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 38, 450–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howland, R. H. (1990) Schizophrenia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Compr. Psychiatry 31, 327–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsiao, C. C., Ree, S. C., Chiang, Y. L., Yeh, S. S., Chen, C. K. (2004) Obesity in schizophrenic outpatients receiving antipsychotics in Taiwan. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 58, 403–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hummer, M., Malik, P., Gasser, R. W.et al. (2005) Osteoporosis in patients with schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 162, 162–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hung, C. F., Wu, C. K., Lin, P. Y. (2005) Diabetes mellitus in patients with schizophrenia in Taiwan. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 29, 523–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, C. E., Shannon, D. C. (1992) Sudden infant death syndrome and sleeping position. Pediatrics 90, 115–118.Google Scholar
Hussar, A. E. (1965) Coronary heart disease in chronic schizophrenic patients: a clinicopathologic study. Circulation 31, 919–929.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hussar, A. E. (1968) Peptic ulcer in long-term institutionalized schizophrenic patients. Psychosom. Med. 30, 374–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingram, D. M., Nottage, E. M., Roberts, A. N. (1990) Prolactin and breast cancer risk. Med. J. Aust. 153, 469–473.Google Scholar
Inoue, H., Hazama, H., Ogura, C., Ichikawa, M., Tamura, T. (1980) Neuroendocrinological study of amenorrhea induced by antipsychotic drugs. Folia Psychiatr. Neurol. Jap. 34, 181.Google Scholar
Jablensky, A. V., Morgan, V., Zubrick, S. R., Bower, C., Yellachich, L. A. (2005) Pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal complications in a population cohort of women with schizophrenia and major affective disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry 162, 79–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jakubaschk, J., Boker, W. (1991) [Disorders of pain perception in schizophrenia.]Schweiz. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatr. 142, 55–76.Google Scholar
Jara-Prado, A., Yescas, P., Sanchez, F. J.et al. (2000) Prevalence of acute intermittent porphyria in a Mexican psychiatric population. Arch. Med. Res. 31, 404–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeste, D. V., Gladsjo, J. A., Lindamer, L. A., Lacro, J. P. (1996) Medical comorbidity in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 22, 413–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeste, S. D., Patterson, T. L., Palmer, B. W.et al. (2003) Cognitive predictors of medication adherence among middle-aged and older outpatients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 63, 49–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, G. R. (1985) Cancer therapy: phenothiazines in an unexpected role. Tumori 71, 563–569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, L. E., Clarke, W., Carney, C. P. (2004) Receipt of diabetes services by insured adults with and without claims for mental disorders. Med. Care 42, 1167–1175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jose, C. J., Perez-Cruet, J. (1979) Incidence and morbidity of self-induced water intoxication in state mental hospital patients. Am. J. Psychiatry 136, 221–222.Google Scholar
Kaelbling, R., Craig, J. B., Pasamanick, B. (1961) Urinary porphobilinogen: results of screening 2500 psychiatric patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 5, 494–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kales, A., Marusak, C. (1967) Sleep patterns associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders. Bull. Los Angeles Neurol. Soc. 32, 234–242.Google Scholar
Kalkan, A., Ozdarendeli, A., Bulut, Y.et al. (2005) Prevalence and genotypic distribution of hepatitis GB-C/HG and TT viruses in blood donors, mentally retarded children and four groups of patients in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 58, 222–227.Google Scholar
Kaplan, H. S., Sager, C. J., Schwartz, S., Kaye, A., Glass, G. B. (1970) Post-gastrectomy pain and schizophrenia. Psychosomatics 11, 157–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keely, E. J., Reiss, J. P., Drinkwater, D. T., Faiman, C. (1997) Bone mineral density, sex hormones, and long-term use of neuroleptic agents in men. Endocrinol. Pract. 3, 209–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, C., McCreadie, R. G. (1999) Smoking habits, current symptoms, and premorbid characteristics of schizophrenic patients in Nithsdale, Scotland. Am. J. Psychiatry 156, 1751–1757.Google Scholar
Kenkre, A. M., Spadigam, A. E. (2000) Oral health and treatment needs in institutionalized psychiatric inpatients in India. Indian J. Dent. Res. 11, 5–11.Google Scholar
King, D. L., Cooper, S. J., Earle, J. A.et al. (1985) A survey of serum antibodies to eight common viruses in psychiatric patients. Br. J. Psychiatry 147, 137–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirch, D. G., Bigelow, L. B., Weinberger, D. R., Lawson, W. B., Wyatt, R. J. (1985) Polydipsia and chronic hyponatremia in schizophrenic inpatients. J. Clin. Psychiatry 46, 179–181.Google Scholar
Kishimoto, T., Watanabe, K., Takeuchi, H.et al. (2005) Bone mineral density measurement in female inpatients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 77, 113–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kleinberg, D. L., Davis, J. M., Coster, R., Baelen, B., Brecher, M. (1999) Prolactin levels and adverse events in patients treated with risperidone. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 19, 57–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klibanski, A., Neer, R. M., Beitins, I. Z.et al. (1980) Decreased bone density in hyperprolactinemic women. N. Engl. J. Med. 303, 1511–1514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kooy, F. H. (1919) Hyperglycemia in mental disorders. Brain 42, 214–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korhonen, S., Hippelainen, M., Niskanen, L., Vanhala, M., Saarikoski, S. (2001) Relationship of the metabolic syndrome and obesity to polycystic ovary syndrome: a controlled, population-based study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 184, 289–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krakowski, A. J., Rydzynski, A., Jarosz, M., Engelsmann, F. (1983) Prevalence of psychosomatic disorders in schizophrenic patients in Poland. In Psychosomatic Medicine: Theoretical, Clinical and Transcultural Aspects, eds. Krakowski, A. J., Kimbal, R.. New York: Plenum Press, 69–78.CrossRef
Kroll, J. (2001) Schizophrenia and liver dysfunction. Med. Hypotheses 56, 634–636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kunugi, H., Nanko, S., Murray, R. M. (2001) Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: prenatal underdevelopment and subsequent neurodevelopmental impairment. Br. J. Psychiatry (Suppl.) 40, S25–S29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laaksonen, D. E., Lakka, H. M., Niskanen, L. K.et al. (2002) Metabolic syndrome and development of diabetes mellitus: application and validation of recently suggested definitions of the metabolic syndrome in a prospective cohort study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 156, 1070–1077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambert, M. T., Bjarnason, I., Connelly, J.et al. (1989) Small intestine permeability in schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 155, 619–622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lane, E. A., Albee, G. W. (1970) The birth weight of children born to schizophrenic women. J. Psychol. 74, 157–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lauerma, H., Lehtinen, V., Joukamaa, M.et al. (1998) Schizophrenia among patients treated for rheumatoid arthritis and appendicitis. Schizophr. Res. 29, 255–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lautenbacher, S., Krieg, J. C. (1994) Pain perception in psychiatric disorders: a review of the literature. J. Psychiatr. Res. 28, 109–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, D. M., Holman, C. D., Jablensky, A. V., Threlfall, T. J., Fuller, S. A. (2000) Excess cancer mortality in Western Australian psychiatric patients due to higher case fatality rates. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 101, 382–388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, D. M., Jablensky, A. V., Holman, C. D. J. (2001) Duty to Care: Physical Illness in People with Mental Illness. Available online at http://cdh.curtin.edu.au/publications/2001.cfm/
Lawrence, D. M., Holman, C. D., Jablensky, A. V., Hobbs, M. S. (2003) Death rate from ischaemic heart disease in Western Australian psychiatric patients 1980–1998. Br. J. Psychiatry 182, 31–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, H. K., Travin, S., Bluestone, H. (1992) human immunodeficiency virus-1 in inpatients. Hosp. Commun. Psychiatry 43, 181–182.Google Scholar
Leucht, S. M., Pitschel-Walz, G., Abraham, D., Kissling, W. (1999) Efficacy and extrapyramidal side-effects of the new antipsychotics olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and sertindole compared to conventional antipsychotics and placebo: a meta-analysis or randomized controlled trials. Schizophr. Res. 35, 51–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, J., Agam, G., Sela, B. A.et al. (2005a) cerebrospinal fluid homocysteine is not elevated in schizophrenia. J. Neur. Transm. 112, 297–302.
Levine, J., Sela, B. A., Osher, Y., Belmaker, R. H. (2005b) High homocysteine serum levels in young male schizophrenia and bipolar patients and in an animal model. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 29, 1181–1191.
Levy, D. L., Holzman, P. S., Proctor, L. R. (1983) Vestibular dysfunction and psychopathology. Schizophr. Bull. 9, 383–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levy, R. P., Jensen, J. B., Laus, V. G., Agle, D. P., Engel, I. M. (1981) Serum thyroid hormone abnormalities in psychiatric disease. Metabolism 30, 1060–1064.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, S., Jagger, R. G., Treasure, E. (2001) The oral health of psychiatric in-patients in South Wales. Spec. Care Dentist. 21, 182–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lichtermann, D., Ekelund, J., Pukkala, E., Tanskanen, A., Lonnqvist, J. (2001) Incidence of cancer among persons with schizophrenia and their relatives. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 58, 573–578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, A. L. (1955) Painless myocardial infarction in psychotic patients. Geriatrics 10, 579–580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, C. C., Bai, Y. M., Chen, J. Y., Lin, C. Y., Lan, T. H. (1999) A retrospective study of clozapine and urinary incontinence in Chinese in-patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 100, 158–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu-Seifert, H., Kinon, B. J., Ahl, J., Lamberson, S. (2004) Osteopenia associated with increased prolactin and aging in psychiatric patients treated with prolactin-elevating antipsychotics. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1032, 297–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llovera, M., Pichard, C., Bernichtein, S.et al. (2000) Human prolactin (hPRL) antagonists inhibit hPRL-activated signaling pathways involved in breast cancer cell proliferation. Oncogene 19, 4695–4705.CrossRef
Lovett Doust, J. W. (1980) Sinus tachycardia and abnormal cardiac rate variation in schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiology 6, 305–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lycke, E., Norrby, R., Roos, B. E. (1974) A serological study on mentally ill patients with particular reference to the prevalence of herpes virus infections. Br. J. Psychiatry 124, 273–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macdonald, S., Halliday, J., MacEwan, T.et al. (2003) Nithsdale Schizophrenia Surveys 24: sexual dysfunction – case-control study. Br. J. Psychiatry 182, 50–56.CrossRef
Magharious, W., Goff, D. C., Amico, E. (1998) Relationship of gender and menstrual status to symptoms and medication side effects in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr. Res. 77, 159–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marchand Walter, E. (1955) Occurrence of painless myocardial infarction in psychotic patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 253, 51–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marchand Walter, E., Sarota, B., Marble, H. C.et al. (1959) Occurrence of painless acute surgical disorders in psychotic patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 260, 580–585.
Marcus, J., Auerbach, J., Wilkinson, L., Burack, C. M. (1981) Infants at risk for schizophrenia: the Jerusalem Infant Development Study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 38, 703–713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marder, S. R., Essock, S. M., Miller, A. L.et al. (2004) Physical health monitoring of patients with schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 161, 1334–1349.CrossRef
Martinez-Bermejo, A., Polanco, I. (2002) [Neuropsychological changes in coeliac disease.]Rev. Neurol. 34 (Suppl. 1), S24–S33.Google Scholar
Mason, P. R., Winton, F. E. (1995) Ear disease and schizophrenia: a case-control study. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 91, 217–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masterson, E., O'Shea, B. (1984) Smoking and malignancy in schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 145, 429–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maudsley, H. (1979) The Pathology of Mind, 3rd end. London: Macmillan.
May, P. R. A. (1948) Pupillary abnormalities in schizophrenia and during muscular effort. J. Ment. Sci. 94, 89–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCreadie, R. G. (2003) Diet, smoking and cardiovascular risk in people with schizophrenia: descriptive study. Br. J. Psychiatry 183, 534–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCreadie, R. G., Stevens, H., Henderson, J.et al. (2004) The dental health of people with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 110, 306–310.CrossRef
McDermott, S., Moran, R., Platt, T.et al. (2005) Heart disease, schizophrenia, and affective psychoses: epidemiology of risk in primary care. Commun. Ment. Health J. 41, 747–755.CrossRef
McEvoy, J. P., Meyer, J. M., Goff, D. C.et al. (2005) Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: baseline results from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (Clinical Trials of Antipsychotic Treatment Effectiveness) schizophrenia trial and comparison with national estimates from NHANES III. Schizophr. Res. 80, 19–32.CrossRef
McGuffin, P., Gardiner, P., Swinburne, L. M. (1981) Schizophrenia, celiac disease, and antibodies to food. Biol. Psychiatry 16, 281–285.Google Scholar
McKee, H. A., D'Arcy, P. F., Wilson, P. J. (1986) Diabetes and schizophrenia: a preliminary study. J. Clin. Hosp. Pharm. 11, 297–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLarty, D. G., Ratcliffe, W. A., Ratcliffe, J. G., Shimmins, J. G., Goldberg, A. (1978) A study of thyroid function in psychiatric in-patients. Br. J. Psychiatry 133, 211–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNeil, T. F., Kaij, L. (1973) Obstetric complications and physical size of offspring of schizophrenic, schizophrenic-like, and control mothers. Br. J. Psychiatry 123, 341–348.Google Scholar
McNeil, T. F., Kaij, L., Malmquist-Larsson, A.et al. (1983) Offspring of women with nonorganic psychoses: development of a longitudinal study of children at high risk. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 68, 234–250.CrossRef
Meaney, A. M., O'Keane, V. (2002) Prolactin and schizophrenia: clinical consequences of hyperprolactinaemia. Life Sci. 71, 979–992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meaney, A. M., Smith, S., Howes, O. D.et al. (2004) Effects of long-term prolactin-raising antipsychotic medication on bone mineral density in patients with schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 184, 503–508.
Mednick, S. A., Mura, E., Schulsinger, F., Mednick, B. (1971) Perinatal conditions and infant development in children with schizophrenic parents. Soc. Biol. 18, S103–S113.Google Scholar
Mellsop, G. W., Koadlow, L., Syme, J., Whittingham, S. (1974) Absence of rheumatoid arthritis in schizophrenia. Aust. N. Z. J. Med. 4, 247–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meltzer, H. Y. (1976) Serum creatine phosphokinase in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 133, 192–197.Google Scholar
Meltzer, H. Y., Davidson, M., Glassman, A. H., Vieweg, W. V. (2002) Assessing cardiovascular risks versus clinical benefits of atypical antipsychotic drug treatment. J. Clin. Psychiatry 63 (Suppl. 9), 25–29.Google Scholar
Mercier-Guidez, E., Loas, G. (2000) Polydipsia and water intoxication in 353 psychiatric inpatients: an epidemiological and psychopathological study. Eur. Psychiatry 15, 306–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, J. M. (2003) Cardiovascular illness and hyperlipidemia in patients with schizophrenia. In Medical Illness and Schizophrenia, eds. Meyer, J. M., Nasrallah, H. A.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 53–80.
Meyer, J. M., Koro, C. E. (2004) The effects of antipsychotic therapy on serum lipids: a comprehensive review. Schizophr. Res. 70, 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, J. M., Nasrallah, H. A. (eds.) (2003) Medical illness and schizophrenia. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Meyer, I., McKinnon, K., Cournos, F.et al. (1993) (human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence among long-stay patients in a state psychiatric hospital. Hosp. Commun. Psychiatry 44, 282–284.
Meyer, J. M., Koro, C. E., L'Italien, G. J. (2005) The metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia: a review. Int. Rev. Psychiatry 17, 173–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, L. J., Finnerty, M. (1996) Sexuality, pregnancy, and childrearing among women with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Psychiatr. Serv. 47, 502–506.Google Scholar
Millson, R. C., Smith, A. P., Koczapski, A. B.et al. (1993) Self-induced water intoxication treated with group psychotherapy. Am. J. Psychiatry 150, 825–826.
Mirdal, G. K., Mednick, S. A., Schulsinger, F., Fuchs, F. (1974) Perinatal complications in children of schizophrenic mothers. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 50, 553–568.Google Scholar
Miyaoka, T., Seno, H., Itoga, M.et al. (2000) Schizophrenia-associated idiopathic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert's syndrome). J. Clin. Psychiatry 61, 868–871.CrossRef
Modrzewska, K. (1980) The offspring of schizophrenic parents in a North Swedish isolate. Clin. Genet. 17, 191–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohamed, S. N., Merskey, H., Kazarian, S., Disney, T. F. (1982) An investigation of the possible inverse relationships between the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and schizophrenia. Can. J. Psychiatry 27, 381–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mokdad, A. H., Ford, E. S., Bowman, B. A.et al. (2003) Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 289, 76–79.CrossRef
Monti, J. M., Monti, D. (2004) Sleep in schizophrenia patients and the effects of antipsychotic drugs. Sleep Med. Rev. 8, 133–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morley, J. E., Shafer, R. B. (1982) Thyroid function screening in new psychiatric admissions. Arch. Intern. Med. 142, 591–593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mors, O., Mortensen, P. B., Ewald, H. (1999) A population-based register study of the association between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis. Schizophr. Res. 40, 67–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mortensen, P. B. (1987) Neuroleptic treatment and other factors modifying cancer risk in schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 75, 585–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mortensen, P. B. (1989) The incidence of cancer in schizophrenic patients. J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health 43, 43–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mortensen, P. B. (1992) Neuroleptic medication and reduced risk of prostate cancer in schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 85, 390–393.Google Scholar
Mortensen, P. B. (1994) The occurrence of cancer in first admitted schizophrenic patients. Schizophr. Res. 12, 185–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mukherjee, S., Decina, P., Bocola, V., Saraceni, F., Scapicchio, P. L. (1996) Diabetes mellitus in schizophrenic patients. Compr. Psychiatry 37, 68–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muller, N., Schiller, P., Ackenheil, M. (1991) Coincidence of schizophrenia and hyperbilirubinemia. Pharmacopsychiatry 24, 225–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munck-Jorgensen, P., Mors, O., Mortensen, P. B., Ewald, H. (2000) The schizophrenic patient in the somatic hospital. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. (Suppl.) 102, 96–99.Google Scholar
Muntjewerff, J. W., Blom, H. J. (2005) Aberrant folate status in schizophrenic patients: what is the evidence?Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 29, 1133–1139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, G. M.., Lim, K. O., Wieneke, M.et al. (1998) No neuropathologic evidence for an increased frequency of Alzheimer's disease among elderly schizophrenics. Biol. Psychiatry 43, 205–209.CrossRef
Naber, D., Pajonk, F. G., Perro, C., Lohmer, B. (1994) Human immunodeficiency virus antibody test and seroprevalence in psychiatric patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 89, 358–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naidoo, U., Goff, D. C., Klibanski, A. (2003) Hyperprolactinemia and bone mineral density: the potential impact of antipsychotic agents. Psychoneuroendocrinology 28 (Suppl. 2), 97–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakamura, Y., Koh, M., Miyoshi, E.et al. (2004) High prevalence of the hepatitis C virus infection among the inpatients of schizophrenia and psychoactive substance abuse in Japan. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 28, 591–597.CrossRef
Nakane, Y., Ohta, Y. (1986) The example of linkage with a cancer register. In Psychiatric Case Registers in Public Health, eds. Horn, G. H. Ten, Giel, R., Gulbinat, W. H.. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 240–245.
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (2001) Definition of Hypertension. Available online at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&DB=pubmed
National Institutes of Health (2004) Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care 27, 596–601.
Negulici, E., Christodorescu, D. (1967) Paranoid schizophrenia and Klinefelter's syndrome. Psychiatr. Neurol.(Basel) 154, 27–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neimeier, R., Hauser, G. A., Keller, M.et al. (1959) [Pathological lactation.]Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. 89, 442–445.
Newcomer, J. W. (2005) Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics and metabolic effects: a comprehensive literature review. central nervous system Drugs 19 (Suppl. 1), 1–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newcomer, J. W., Haupt, D. W., Fucetola, R.et al. (2002) Abnormalities in glucose regulation during antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 59, 337–345.CrossRef
Newman, S. C., Bland, R. C. (1991) Mortality in a cohort of patients with schizophrenia: a record linkage study. Can. J. Psychiatry 36, 239–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholson, G., Liebling, L. I., Hall, R. A. (1976) Thyroid dysfunction in female psychiatric patients. Br. J. Psychiatry 129, 236–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nilsson, E., Lichtenstein, P., Cnattingius, S., Murray, R. M., Hultman, C. M. (2002) Women with schizophrenia: pregnancy outcome and infant death among their offspring. Schizophr. Res. 58, 221–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nissen, H. A., Spencer, K. A. (1936) The psychogenic problem (endocrinal and metabolic) in chronic arthritis. N. Engl. J. Med. 21, 567–581.Google Scholar
Nordenberg, J., Fenig, E., Landau, M., Weizman, R., Weizman, A. (1999) Effects of psychotropic drugs on cell proliferation and differentiation. Biochem. Pharmacol. 58, 1229–1236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nyback, H., Wiesel, F. A., Berggren, B. M., Hindmarsh, T. (1982) Computed tomography of the brain in patients with acute psychosis and in healthy volunteers. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 65, 403–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keane, V., Meaney, A. M. (2005) Antipsychotic drugs: a new risk factor for osteoporosis in young women with schizophrenia?J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 25, 26–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohta, Y., Nakane, Y., Mine, M.et al. (1988) The epidemiological study of physical morbidity in schizophrenics. 2. Association between schizophrenia and incidence of tuberculosis. Jpn. J. Psychiatry Neurol. 42, 41–47.Google Scholar
Oken, R. J., Schulzer, M. (1999) At issue: schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis – the negative association revisited. Schizophr. Bull. 25, 625–638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okura, M., Morii, S. (1986) Polydipsia, polyuria and water intoxication observed in psychiatric inpatients. Tokushima J. Exp. Med. 33, 1–5.Google Scholar
Osborn, D. P., King, M. B., Nazareth, I. (2003) Participation in screening for cardiovascular risk by people with schizophrenia or similar mental illnesses: cross sectional study in general practice. Br. Med. J. 326, 1122–1123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostbye, T., Curtis, L. H., Masselink, L. E.et al. (2005) Atypical antipsychotic drugs and diabetes mellitus in a large outpatient population: a retrospective cohort study. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 14, 407–415.Google Scholar
Osterberg, E. (1978) Schizophrenia and rheumatic disease: a study on the concurrence of inflammatory joint diseases and a review of 58 case-records. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 58, 339–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osterlind, A. (1990) Malignant melanoma in Denmark: occurrence and risk factors. Acta Oncol. 29, 833–854.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Othman, S. S., Abdul, K. K., Hassan, J.et al. (1994) High prevalence of thyroid function test abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 28, 620–624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oxenstierna, G., Bergstrand, G., Bjerkenstedt, L., Sedvall, G., Wik, G. (1984) Evidence of disturbed cerebrospinal fluid circulation and brain atrophy in cases of schizophrenic psychosis. Br. J. Psychiatry 144, 654–661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paffenberger, R. S., Steinmetz, C. H., Pooler, B. G., Hyde, R. T. (1961) The picture puzzle of the postpartum psychosis. J. Chronic Dis. 13, 161–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, B. A., Pankratz, V. S., Bostwick, J. M. (2005) The lifetime risk of suicide in schizophrenia: a re-examination. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 62, 247–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paton, C., Esop, R., Young, C., Taylor, D. (2004) Obesity, dyslipidaemias and smoking in an inpatient population treated with antipsychotic drugs. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 110, 299–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peh, L. H., Devan, G. S., Eu, P. W. (1990) Water intoxication in psychiatric patients in Singapore. Singapore Med. J. 31, 238–241.Google Scholar
Pelissolo, A. (1997) [Epidemiology of psychopathologic disorders in infectious diseases.]Encephale 23, (Spec. No. 5), 3–8.Google Scholar
Perisic, V. N., Lopicic, Z., Kokai, G. (1990) Celiac disease and schizophrenia: family occurrence. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 11, 279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perkins, D. O. (2003) Prolactin- and endocrine-related disorders in schizophrenia. In Medical Illness and Schizophrenia, eds. Meyer, J. M., Nasrallah, H. A.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 215–232.
Pilkington, T. L. (1956) The coincidence of rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 124, 604–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preti, A., Cardascia, L., Zen, T.et al. (2000) Risk for obstetric complications and schizophrenia. Psychiatr. Res. 96, 127–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Primatesta, P., Hirani, V. (1999) Health Survey for England: The Health of Minority Ethnic Groups. 1999. London: Department of Health. http://www.official-documents.co.uk. 2007.
Prohovnik, I., Dwork, A. J., Kaufman, M. A.Willson, N. (1993) Alzheimer-type neuropathology in elderly schizophrenia patients. Schizophr. Bull. 19, 805–816.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pryce, I. G., Edwards, H. (1966) Persistent oral dyskinesia in female mental hospital patients. Br. J. Psychiatry 112, 983–987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Py, O., Mathieu, P. (1960) [Galactorrhea and disorders of the menstrual cycle in the course of neuroleptic treatments.]Presse Med. 68, 765–766.Google Scholar
Qin, P., Xu, H., Laursen, T. M., Vestergaard, M., Mortensen, P. B. (2005) Risk for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychosis among patients with epilepsy: population-based cohort study. Br. Med. J. 331, 23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ragins, N., Schachter, J., Elmer, E.et al. (1975) Infants and children at risk for schizophrenia: environmental and developmental observations. J. Am. Acad. Child Psychiatry 14, 150–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsay, R. A., Ananth, J., Engelsmann, F.et al. (1982) Schizophrenia and psychosomatic illness. J. Psychosom. Res. 26, 33–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ravichand, D. M., Sheshayamma, V., Lakshmi Kameshwari, V., Chakradhar, T. (2005) Thyroid hormones and antithyroid drugs. Calicut Med. J. 3, e3.Google Scholar
Ray, W. A., Meredith, S., Thapa, P. B.et al. (2001) Antipsychotics and the risk of sudden cardiac death. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 58, 1161–1167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Regenold, W. T., Thapar, R. K., Marano, C., Gavirneni, S., Kondapavuluru, P. V. (2002) Increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among psychiatric inpatients with bipolar I affective and schizoaffective disorders independent of psychotropic drug use. J. Affect. Disord. 70, 19–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reilly, J. G., Ayis, S. A., Ferrier, I. N., Jones, S. J., Thomas, S. H. (2000) QTc-interval abnormalities and psychotropic drug therapy in psychiatric patients. Lancet 355, 1048–1052.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rieder, R. O., Rosenthal, D., Wender, P., Blumenthal, H. (1975) The offspring of schizophrenics. 1. Fetal and neonatal deaths. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 32, 200–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rieder, R. O., Broman, S. H., Rosenthal, D. (1977) The offspring of schizophrenics. 2. Perinatal factors and IQ. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 34, 789–799.Google Scholar
Riggs, A. T., Dysken, M. W., Kim, S. W., Opsahl, J. A. (1991) A review of disorders of water homeostasis in psychiatric patients. Psychosomatics 32, 133–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rimon, R., Halonen, P., Puhakka, P.et al. (1979) Immunoglobulin G antibodies to herpes simplex type 1 virus detected by radioimmunoassay in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychiatry 40, 241–243.Google Scholar
Riscalla, L. M. (1980) Blindness and schizophrenia. Med. Hypotheses 6, 1327–1328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robins, A. H. (1972) Phenothiazine melanosis in schizophrenic patients. Psychopharmacologia 27, 327–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roca, R. P., Blackman, M. R., Ackerley, M. B., Harman, S. M., Gregerman, R. I. (1990) Thyroid hormone elevations during acute psychiatric illness: relationship to severity and distinction from hyperthyroidism. Endocr. Res. 16, 415–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodgers-Johnson, P. E., Hickling, F. W., Irons, A.et al. (1996) Retroviruses and schizophrenia in Jamaica. Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. 28, 237–243.Google Scholar
Rose, D. P., Pruitt, B. T. (1981) Plasma prolactin levels in patients with breast cancer. Cancer 48, 2687–2691.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, S. D., Goodman, L. A., Osher, F. C.et al.(2001) Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in people with severe mental illness. Am. J. Public Health 91, 31–37.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, S. H., Porter, K. A., Coffey, B. (1990) Pain insensitivity in schizophrenia: case report and review of the literature. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 12, 319–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, W. D., Hay, J., McDowall, M. F. (1950) The association of certain vegetative disturbances with various psychoses. Psychosom. Med. 12, 170–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothermich, N. O., Philips, V. K. (1963) Rheumatoid arthritis in criminal and mentally ill populations. Arthritis Rheum. 6, 639–640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rotkin, I. D. (1977) Studies in the epidemiology of prostatic cancer: expanded sampling. Cancer Treat. Rep. 61, 173–180.Google Scholar
Ruigomez, A., Garcia Rodriguez, L. A., Dev, V. J., Arellano, F., Raniwala, J. (2000) Are schizophrenia or antipsychotic drugs a risk factor for cataracts?Epidemiology 11, 620–623.Google Scholar
Rwegellara, G. G. C., Mambwe, C. C. (1977) Psychiatric status and disorders of thyroid-function. 1. Prevalence of goiter in a group of psychiatric patients. Med. J. Zambia 11, 78–83.Google Scholar
Ryan, M. C., Collins, P., Thakore, J. H. (2003) Impaired fasting glucose tolerance in first-episode, drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 160, 284–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, W. G., Roddam, R. F., Grizzle, W. E. (1994) Thyroid function screening in newly admitted psychiatric inpatients. Ann. Clin. Psychiatry 6, 7–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rybakowski, J., Romanski, B., Dabkowska, M., Grabowski, P., Krymer, A. (1992) Allergic skin reactions in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Biol. Psychiatry 31, 1181–1182.Google Scholar
Saari, K.., Jokelainen, J., Veijola, J.et al. (2004) Serum lipids in schizophrenia and other functional psychoses: a general population northern Finland 1966 birth cohort survey. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 110, 279–285.Google Scholar
Saari, K. M., Lindeman, S. M., Viilo, K. M.et al. (2005) A 4-fold risk of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort study. J. Clin. Psychiatry 66, 559–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sachdev, P. S. (1998) Schizophrenia-like psychosis and epilepsy: the status of the association. Am. J. Psychiatry 155, 325–336.Google Scholar
Sachdev, P. S. (2000) The current status of tardive dyskinesia. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 34, 355–369.Google Scholar
Sacker, A., Done, D. J., Crow, T. J. (1996) Obstetric complications in children born to parents with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. Psychol. Med. 26, 279–287.Google Scholar
Sacks, M. H., Dermatis, H., Looser-Ott, S., Burton, W., Perry, S. (1992) Undetected human immunodeficiency virus infection among acutely ill psychiatric inpatients. Am. J. Psychiatry 149, 544–545.Google Scholar
Sacks, M. H., Silberstein, C., Weiler, P., Perry, S. (1990) human immunodeficiency virus-related risk factors in acute psychiatric inpatients. Hosp. Commun. Psychiatry 41, 449–451.Google Scholar
Said, W. M., Saleh, R., Jumaian, N. (2001) Prevalence of hepatitis B virus among chronic schizophrenia patients. East Mediterr. Health J. 7, 526–530.Google Scholar
Sameroff, A. J., Zax, M. (1973) Perinatal characteristics of the offspring of schizophrenic women. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 157, 191–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandison, R. A., Whitelaw, E., Currie, J. D. (1960) Clinical trials with melleril (TP21) in the treatment of schizophrenia: a two-year study.J. Ment. Sci. 106, 732–741.Google Scholar
Sartorius, N., Schulze, H. (eds.) (2005) A Report of a Global Programme of the World Psychiatric Association, eds. Sartorius, N., Schulze, H.. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Scheflen, A. E. (1951) Malignant tumors in the institutionalized psychotic population. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry 66, 145–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, K. (1959) Clinical Psychopathology. New York: Grune & Stratton.
Schubert, E. W., McNeil, T. F. (2004) Prospective study of neurological abnormalities in offspring of women with psychosis: birth to adulthood. Am. J. Psychiatry 161, 1030–1037.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schubert, E. W., Blennow, G., McNeil, T. F. (1996) Wakefulness and arousal in neonates born to women with schizophrenia: diminished arousal and its association with neurological deviations. Schizophr. Res. 22, 49–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwalb, H. (1975) [Risk factors of coronary heart diseases in hospitalized psychic patients.]Munch. Med. Wochenschr. 117, 1181–1188.Google Scholar
Schwalb, H., van Eimeren, W., Friedrich, H. V. (1976) [The risk of heart disease in various psychiatric diseases.] Z. Kardiol. 65, 1115–1123.
Schwartz-Watts, D., Montgomery, L. D., Morgan, D. W. (1995) Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus among inpatient pretrial detainees. Bull. Am. Acad. Psychiatr. Law 23, 285–288.Google Scholar
Secreto, G., Recchione, C., Cavalleri, A., Miraglia, M., Dati, V. (1983) Circulating levels of testosterone, 17 beta-oestradiol, luteinising hormone and prolactin in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Br. J. Cancer 47, 269–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seeman, M. V., Lang, M., Rector, N. (1990) Chronic schizophrenia: a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus?Can. J. Psychiatry 35, 765–768.Google Scholar
Sewell, D. D. (1996) Schizophrenia and human immunodeficiency virus. Schizophr. Bull. 22, 465–473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shader, R. I., Grinspoon, L. (1970) The effect of social feedback on chronic schizophrenic patients. Compr. Psychiatry 11, 196–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shah, P. J., Greenberg, W. M. (1992) Polydipsia with hyponatremia in a state hospital population. Hosp. Commun. Psychiatry 43, 509–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shinmoto, M., Kawarabayashi, T., Sugimori, H.et al. (1989) [The obstetric prognosis and neonatal outcome of pregnant women with psychiatric disorders.]Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi 41, 1965–1971.Google Scholar
Sibai, B. M., Gordon, T., Thom, E.et al. (1995) Risk factors for preeclampsia in healthy nulliparous women: a prospective multicenter study – The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 172, 642–648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sicree, R., Shaw, J., Zimmet, P. (2003) The global burden of diabetes. In Diabetes Atlas, ed Gan, D.. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation, pp. 15–71.
Silberstein, C., Galanter, M., Marmor, M.et al. (1994) human immunodeficiency virus-1 among inner city dually diagnosed inpatients. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 20, 101–113.Google Scholar
Silver, H., Kogan, H., Zlotogorski, D. (1990) Postural hypotension in chronically medicated schizophrenics. J. Clin. Psychiatry 51, 459–462.Google Scholar
Silverstone, T., Smith, G., Goodall, E. (1988) Prevalence of obesity in patients receiving depot antipsychotics. Br. J. Psychiatry 153, 214–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sim, K., Chong, S. A., Chan, Y. H., Lum, W. M. (2002) Thyroid dysfunction in chronic schizophrenia within a state psychiatric hospital. Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore 31, 641–644.Google Scholar
Singh, M. K., Giles, L. L., Nasrallah, H. A. (2006) Pain insensitivity in schizophrenia: trait or state marker?J. Psychiatr. Pract. 12, 90–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, M. M., Kay, S. R. (1976) Wheat gluten as a pathogenic factor in schizophrenia. Science 191, 401–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siscovick, D. S., Raghunathan, T. E., Psaty, B. M.et al. (1994) Diuretic therapy for hypertension and the risk of primary cardiac arrest. N. Engl. J. Med. 330, 1852–1857.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sleeper, F. H. (1935) Investigation of polyuria in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 91, 1019–1031.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. M., O'Keane, V., Murray, R. (2002) Sexual dysfunction in patients taking conventional antipsychotic medication. Br. J. Psychiatry 181, 49–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobel, D. E. (1961) Children of schizophrenic patients: preliminary observations on early development. Am. J. Psychiatry 118, 512–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spector, T. D. (1990) Rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. 16, 513–537.Google Scholar
Spratt, D. I., Pont, A., Miller, M. B.et al. (1982) Hyperthyroxinemia in patients with acute psychiatric disorders. Am. J. Med. 73, 41–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, H. L., Schmitt, B. P., Poses, R. M., Deiss, W. P. (1991) Does hypogonadism contribute to the occurrence of a minimal trauma hip tracture in elderly men? J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 39, 766–771.Google Scholar
Steiner, I., Abramsky, O. (1989) Autoimmune diseases of the neuroimmune system and mental disease. Immunol. Ser. 45, 491–511.Google Scholar
Steinert, T., Wolfersdorf, M., Thoma, H., Marpert, M. (1996) [Does long-term hospitalization modify cardiovascular morbidity in schizophrenic patients?]Fortschr. Neurol. Psychiatr. 64, 212–220.Google Scholar
Stevens, F. M., Lloyd, R. S., Geraghty, S. M.et al. (1977) Schizophrenia and coeliac disease: the nature of the relationship. Psychol. Med. 7, 259–263.Google Scholar
Stewart, D. L., Zuckerman, C. J., Ingle, J. M. (1994) human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence in a chronically mentally ill population. J. Natl Med. Assoc. 86, 519–523.Google Scholar
Subramaniam, M., Chong, S. A., Pek, E. (2003) Diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in patients with schizophrenia. Can. J. Psychiatry 48, 345–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugerman, A. A., Southern, D. L., Curran, J. F. (1982) A study of antibody levels in alcoholic, depressive and schizophrenic patients. Ann. Allergy 48, 166–171.Google Scholar
Susser, E., Valencia, E., Conover, S. (1993) Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among psychiatric patients in a New York City men's shelter. Am. J. Public Health 83, 568–570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sweetwood, H. L., Kripke, D. F., Grant, I., Yager, J., Gerst, M. S. (1976) Sleep disorder and psychobiological symptomatology in male psychiatric outpatients and male nonpatients. Psychosom. Med. 38, 373–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taieb, O., Baleyte, J. M., Mazet, P., Fillet, A. M. (2001) Borna disease virus and psychiatry. Eur. Psychiatry 16, 3–10.Google Scholar
Takahashi, K. I., Shimizu, T., Sugita, T., (1998) Prevalence of sleep-related respiratory disorders in 101 schizophrenic inpatients. Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. 52, 229–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, W. K., Sun, F. C., Ungvari, G. S., O'Donnell, D. (2004) Oral health of psychiatric in-patients in Hong Kong. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry 50, 186–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, D. C. (2003) Schizophrenias and epilepsies: why? when? how?Epilepsy Behav. 4, 474–482.Google Scholar
Taylor, S. (1984) Gilbert's syndrome as a cause of postoperative jaundice. Anaesthesia 39, 1222–1224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Templer, D. I., Cappelletty, G. G., Kauffman, I. (1988) Schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis: distribution in Italy. Br. J. Psychiatry 153, 389–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Templer, D. I., Regier, M. W., Corgiat, M. D. (1985) Similar distribution of schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis. J. Clin. Psychiatry 46, 73.Google Scholar
Terenius, L., Wahlstrom, A. (1978) Physiologic and clinical relevance of endorphins. In Centrally Acting Peptides, ed. Hughes, J.Baltimore, MD: Baltimore University Park Press, pp. 161–178.CrossRef
Test, M. A., Wallisch, L. S., Allness, D. J., Ripp, K. (1989) Substance abuse in young adults with schizophrenic disorders. Schizophr. Bull. 15, 465–476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teunissen, C. E., Vente, J., Steinbusch, H. W., Bruijn, C. (2002) Biochemical markers related to Alzheimer's dementia in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Neurobiol. Aging 23, 485–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thakore, J. H., Mann, J. N., Vlahos, I., Martin, A., Reznek, R. (2002) Increased visceral fat distribution in drug-naive and drug-free patients with schizophrenia. Int. J. Obes. Relat Metab. Disord. 26, 137–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Theisen, F. M., Linden, A., Geller, F.et al. (2001) Prevalence of obesity in adolescent and young adult patients with and without schizophrenia and in relationship to antipsychotic medication. J. Psychiatr. Res. 35, 339–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, A., Lavrentzou, E., Karouzos, C., Kontis, C. (1996) Factors which influence the oral condition of chronic schizophrenia patients. Spec. Care Dentist 16, 84–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tishler, P. V., Woodward, B., O'Connor, J.et al. (1985) High prevalence of intermittent acute porphyria in a psychiatric patient population. Am. J. Psychiatry 142, 1430–1436.Google Scholar
Torrey, E. F. (1979) Headaches after lumbar puncture and insensitivity to pain in psychiatric patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 301, 110.Google Scholar
Torrey, E. F. (1997) Out of the Shadows: Confronting America's Mental Illness Crisis. New York: John Wiley.
Torrey, E. F., Peterson, M. R. (1973) Slow and latent viruses in schizophrenia. Lancet , 22–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torrey, E. F., Yolken, R. H. (2001) The schizophrenia–rheumatoid arthritis connection: infectious, immune, or both?Brain Behav. Immun. 15, 401–410.Google Scholar
Torrey, E. F., Yolken, R. H. (2003) Toxoplasma gondii and schizophrenia. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9, 1375–1380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trevathan, R. D., Tatum, J. C. (1954) Rarity of occurrence of psychosis and rheumatoid arthritis in individual patients. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 120, 83–84.Google Scholar
Tsuang, M. T., Fleming, J. A., Simpson, J. C. (1999) Suicide and schizophrenia. In The Harvard Medical School Guide to Suicide Assessment and Intervention, ed. Jacobs, D. G.. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, pp. 287–299
Turkington, R. W. (1972) Prolactin secretion in patients treated with various drugs: phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, reserpine, and methyldopa. Arch. Intern. Med. 130, 349–354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ural, S. (2004) What is the Apgar score? Available online at www.kidshealth.org/parent/newborn/first_days/apgar.html
Varsamis, J., Adamson, J. D. (1976) Somatic symptoms in schizophrenia. Can. Psychiatr. Assoc. J. 21, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velasco, E., Machuca, G., Martinez-Sahuquillo, A.et al. (1997) Dental health among institutionalized psychiatric patients in Spain. Spec. Care Dentist 17, 203–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velasco-Ortega, E., Monsalve-Guil, L., Velasco-Ponferrada, C., Medel-Soteras, R., Segura-Egea, J. J. (2005) Temporomandibular disorders among schizophrenic patients: a case-control study. Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal. 10, 315–322.Google Scholar
Vieweg, W. V., David, J. J., Glick, J. L.et al. (1986) Polyuria among patients with psychosis. Schizophr. Bull. 12, 739–743.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vieweg, W. V., David, J. J., Rowe, W. T.et al. (1985) Death from self-induced water intoxication among patients with schizophrenic disorders. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 173, 161–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viskum, K. (1975) Mind and ulcer. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 51, 182–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volavka, J., Convit, A., Czobor, P.et al. (1991) human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence and risk behaviors in psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatr. Res. 39, 109–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wainberg, M. L., Cournos, F., McKinnon, K., Berkman, A. (2003) human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C in patients with schizophrenia. In Medical Illness and Schizophrenia, eds. Meyer, J. M., Nasrallah, H. A.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 115–140.
Warner, J. P., Barnes, T. R., Henry, J. A. (1996) Electrocardiographic changes in patients receiving neuroleptic medication. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 93, 311–313.Google Scholar
Watson, G. D., Chandarana, P. C., Merskey, H. (1981) Relationships between pain and schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 138, 33–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, R., Abel, K., Pickles, A., Appleby, L. (2005) Mortality in offspring of parents with psychotic disorders: a critical review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Psychiatry 162, 1045–1056.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinberg, A. D., Katzell, T. D. (1977) Thyroid and adrenal function among psychiatric patients. Lancet , 1104–1105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinreb, M., Kraus, V., Krausova, J., Hudcova, T. (1978) Negligible hepatotoxicity of chlorpromazine in long-term therapy. Acta. Nerv. Super. (Praha) 20, 280–281.Google Scholar
Wesselmann, U., Windgassen, K. (1995) Galactorrhea: subjective response by schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 91, 152–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wetterling, T., Pest, S., Mussigbrodt, H., Weber, B. (2004) [Bodyweight in inpatients with schizophrenia.]Psychiatr. Prax. 31, 250–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, K. E., Cummings, J. L. (1996) Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease: clinical and pathophysiologic analogies. Compr. Psychiatry 37, 188–195.Google Scholar
Wieck, A., Haddad, P. M. (2003) Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia in women: pathophysiology, severity and consequences – selective literature review. Br. J. Psychiatry 182, 199–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiedorn, W. S. (1954) Toxemia of pregnancy and schizophrenia. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 120, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Windgassen, K., Wesselmann, U., Schulze, M. H. (1996) Galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia in schizophrenic patients on neuroleptics: frequency and etiology. Neuropsychobiology 33, 142–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winkelman, J. W. (2001) Schizophrenia, obesity, and obstructive sleep apnea. J. Clin. Psychiatry 62, 8–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolff, A. L., O'Driscoll, G. A. (1999) Motor deficits and schizophrenia: the evidence from neuroleptic-naive patients and populations at risk. J. Psychiatr. Neurosci. 24, 304–314.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1992) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revn. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization (1999) Report of a WHO Consultation: Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Part I: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization (2001) World Health Report 2001: Mental Health – New Understanding, New Hope. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization (2004) human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immundeficiency syndrome Statistics and Features, End of 2002 and 2004. Available online at www.unaids.org/wad2004/EPIupdate2004_html_en/Epi04_12_en.htm#P227_67386
Wrede, G., Mednick, S. A., Huttunen, M. O., Nilsson, C. G. (1980) Pregnancy and delivery complications in the births of an unselected series of Finnish children with schizophrenic mothers. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 62, 369–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yase, Y., Matsumoto, N., Azuma, K., Nakai, Y., Shiraki, H. (1972) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: association with schizophrenic symptoms and showing Alzheimer's tangles. Arch. Neurol. 27, 118–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, T., Palta, M., Dempsey, J.et al. (1993) The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 328, 1230–1235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zamperetti, M., Goldwurm, G. F., Abbate, E., et al. (1990) Attempted suicide and human immunodeficiency virus infection: epidemiological aspects in a psychiatric ward. International Conference on acquired immundeficiency syndrome, San Francisco, CA.
Zaridze, D. G., Boyle, P. (1987) Cancer of the prostate: epidemiology and aetiology. Br. J. Urol. 59, 493–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zax, M., Sameroff, A. J., Babigian, H. M. (1977) Birth outcomes in the offspring of mentally disordered women. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 47, 218–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeenreich, A., Gochstein, B., Grinshpoon, A.et al. (1998) [Recurrent tuberculosis in a psychiatric hospital: recurrent outbreaks during 1987–1996.]Harefuah 134, 168–172, 248, 247.Google Scholar
Zhang-Wong, J. H., Seeman, M. V. (2002) Antipsychotic drugs, menstrual regularity and osteoporosis risk. Arch. Women Ment. Health 5, 93–98.Google Scholar
Zimmet, P. (2005) Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus and associated cardiovascular risk factors: focus on human immunodeficiency virus and psychiatric disorders. Am. J. Med. 118 (Suppl. 2), 3S-8S.Google Scholar
Zito, J. M., Sofair, J. B., Jaeger, J. (1990) Self-reported neuroendocrine effects of antipsychotics in women: a pilot study. Drug Intell. Clin. Pharmacy 24, 176–180.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×