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7 - Outcomes: Did Regional Governments Adopt the Nationalist Agenda?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 December 2009

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Summary

How successful were the nationalist movements in persuading regional political elites to implement their programs? In this chapter, I examine the extent to which the nationalist platform was adopted by republic governments. Implementation of the nationalist agenda was divided into two phases. First, governments seeking to implement nationalist policies had to create an institutional and symbolic framework that would legitimize such policies in the eyes of the population. Among the ethnic republics of the Russian Federation, the creation of this framework began with declarations of sovereignty and eventually came to include republic constitutions, language laws, and state symbols. Second, once the framework was in place, republic governments designed and implemented programs that would spur an ethnic revival. Ethnic revival programs in the republics focused on developing titular languages and cultures, increasing titular-language education, and taking steps to ensure that political power would remain in the hands of the titular ethnic group.

The extent to which nationalist demands were taken into account in designing the institutional and symbolic framework of sovereignty in each republic was only partially and indirectly a function of the extent to which ethnicity was institutionalized in the republic. The implementation of the nationalist agenda depended partially on the strength of the nationalist movement, which in turn depended on the institutionalization of ethnicity. But it also depended on the demographic balance between titulars and Russians in the republic, a factor not related to the ethnic institutions argument.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2003

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