Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T19:35:47.069Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

3 - Resonators

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 April 2018

Richard G. Carter
Richard G. Carter
Affiliation:
Lancaster University
Get access

Summary

The r.f. and microwave power generated by vacuum tubes is transmitted through waveguides. The properties of the coaxial lines, and rectangular, ridged and circular waveguides commonly used in high power systems are discussed. Coaxial lines can support the transverse electric and magnetic (TEM) mode which has no lower cut-off frequency. Hollow metallic waveguides support transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes in which propagation is only possible above the cut-off frequency of the mode. These also exist as higher-order modes in coaxial lines. For design purposes the modes of propagation are represented by equivalent transmission lines whose properties can be calculated from the dimensions of the waveguide using lumped-element equivalent circuits. Simple methods are introduced for calculating the lumped susceptances of capacitive and inductive irises and height steps in rectangular waveguide. It is shown how discontinuities can be used for stub, Butterworth and Tchebychev matching in high-power waveguides. The design of transformers between waveguides and coaxial lines both with and without a change of mode and the design of vacuum windows for coaxial lines and rectangular waveguides, are discussed.
Type
Chapter
Information
Microwave and RF Vacuum Electronic Power Sources , pp. 93 - 133
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Carter, R. G., Electromagnetic Waves: Microwave Components and Devices. London: Chapman and Hall, 1990.Google Scholar
McLachlan, N. W., Bessel Functions for Engineers. Oxford University Press, 1954.Google Scholar
Ramo, S. et al., Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics. New York: Wiley, 1965.Google Scholar
Lucyszyn, S., ‘Investigation of anomalous room temperature conduction losses in normal metals at terahertz frequencies’, IEE Proceedings: Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, vol. 151, pp. 321–329, 2004.Google Scholar
Episkopou, E. et al., ‘Defining material parameters in commercial EM solvers for arbitrary metal-based THz structures’, IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, vol. 2, pp. 513–524, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, S. P., ‘Effect of surface roughness on eddy current losses at microwave frequencies’, Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 20, pp. 352–362, 1949.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holloway, C. L. and Kuester, E. F., ‘Power loss associated with conducting and superconducting rough interfaces’, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 48, pp. 1601–1610, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsang, L. et al., ‘Effects of random rough surface on absorption by conductors at microwave frequencies’, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 16, pp. 221–223, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammerstad, E. O. and Bekkedal, F., Microstrip Handbook. Trondheim, Norway: University of Trondheim, 1975.Google Scholar
Edwards, T., Foundations for Microstrip Circuit Design, 2nd ed. Chichester, UK: Wiley, 1992.Google Scholar
Maxwell, E., ‘Conductivity of metallic surfaces at microwave frequencies’, Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 18, pp. 629–638, 1947.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allison, J. and Benson, F., ‘Surface roughness and attenuation of precision-drawn, chemically polished, electropolished, electroplated and electroformed waveguides’, Proceedings of the IEE-Part B: Radio and Electronic Engineering, vol. 102, pp. 251–259, 1955.Google Scholar
Benson, F., ‘Waveguide attenuation and its correlation with surface roughness’, Proceedings of the IEE-Part III: Radio and Communication Engineering, vol. 100, pp. 85–90, 1953.Google Scholar
Benson, F., ‘Attenuation and surface roughness of electroplated waveguides’, Proceedings of the IEE-Part III: Radio and Communication Engineering, vol. 100, pp. 213–216, 1953.Google Scholar
Benson, F. and Steven, D., ‘Rectangular-waveguide attenuation at millimetre wavelengths’, Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, vol. 110, pp. 1008–1014, 1963.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tischer, F. J., ‘Excess conduction losses at millimeter wavelengths’, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 24, pp. 853–858, 1976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirley, M. P. and Booske, J. H., ‘Terahertz conductivity of copper surfaces’, IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, vol. 5, pp. 1012–1020, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horner, F. et al., ‘Resonance methods of dielectric measurement at centimetre wavelengths’, Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers – Part III: Communication Engineering, including the Proceedings of the Wireless Section of the Institution, vol. 93, pp. 53–68, 1946.Google Scholar
Carter, R. G. et al., ‘Rapid calculation of the properties of klystron cavities’, in 2008 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, pp. 142–143, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, R. G. et al., ‘Calculation of the properties of reentrant cylindrical cavity resonators’, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 55, pp. 2531–2538, December 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, R., ‘Calculation of resonant frequencies of re-entrant cylindrical electromagnetic cavities’, Journal of Nuclear Energy, Part C: Plasma Physics, vol. 3, pp. 129–134, 1961.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujisawa, K., ‘General treatment of klystron resonant cavities’, IRE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. MTT-6, pp. 344–358, 1958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kosmahl, H. G. and Branch, G. M., Jr., ‘Generalized representation of electric fields in interaction gaps of klystrons and traveling-wave tubes’, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 20, pp. 621–629, 1973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, C. and Carter, R. G., ‘Investigation of possible multipactor discharge in a klystron input cavity’, in 2006 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference held Jointly with 2006 IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources, Monterey, CA, pp. 81–82, 2006.Google Scholar
Smith, M. J. and Phillips, G., Power Klystrons Today. Taunton, UK: Research Studies Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Engala, K. R. et al., ‘Simple computation of the coupling coefficient for loop-coupled resonant cavities’, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 27, pp. 400–404, 2000.3.0.CO;2-9>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bethe, H. A., ‘Theory of diffraction by small holes’, Physical Review, vol. 66, pp. 163–182, 1944.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collin, R. E., Foundations for Microwave Engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966.Google Scholar
Gao, J., ‘Analytical formula for the coupling coefficient β of a cavity-waveguide coupling system’, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 309, pp. 5–10, 1991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, J., ‘Analytical formulae for the coupling coefficient β between a waveguide and a travelling wave structure’, in Proceedings of the 1993 Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC 1993), pp. 868–870, 1993.Google Scholar
Cohn, S. B., ‘Determination of aperture parameters by electrolytic-tank measurements’, Proceedings of the IRE, vol. 39, pp. 1416–1421, 1951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheeler, H. A., ‘Coupling holes between resonant cavities or waveguides evaluated in terms of volume ratios’, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 12, pp. 231–244, 1964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kajfez, D. and Hwan, E. J., ‘Q-factor measurement with network analyzer’, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 32, pp. 666–670, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gittins, J. F., Power Travelling-Wave Tubes. London: English Universities Press, 1965.Google Scholar
Maier, L. C., Jr. and Slater, J. C., ‘Field strength measurement in resonant cavities’, Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 31, pp. 68–77, 1952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, R. G., ‘Accuracy of microwave cavity perturbation measurements’, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 49, pp. 918–923, May 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Resonators
  • Richard G. Carter, Lancaster University
  • Book: Microwave and RF Vacuum Electronic Power Sources
  • Online publication: 27 April 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9780511979231.003
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Resonators
  • Richard G. Carter, Lancaster University
  • Book: Microwave and RF Vacuum Electronic Power Sources
  • Online publication: 27 April 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9780511979231.003
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Resonators
  • Richard G. Carter, Lancaster University
  • Book: Microwave and RF Vacuum Electronic Power Sources
  • Online publication: 27 April 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9780511979231.003
Available formats
×