Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 95
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
December 2015
Print publication year:
2016
Online ISBN:
9781316402382

Book description

In a novel approach to the field of Islamic politics, this provocative new study compares the evolution of Islamic populism in Indonesia, the country with the largest Muslim population in the world, to the Middle East. Utilising approaches from historical sociology and political economy, Vedi R. Hadiz argues that competing strands of Islamic politics can be understood as the product of contemporary struggles over power, material resources and the result of conflict across a variety of social and historical contexts. Drawing from detailed case studies across the Middle East and Southeast Asia, the book engages with broader theoretical questions about political change in the context of socio-economic transformations and presents an innovative, comparative framework to shed new light on the diverse trajectories of Islamic politics in the modern world.

Reviews

'This book is path-breaking in terms of original conceptualization, sustained comparative analysis, and rich historical and sociological contextualization. Grounded in the best traditions of comparative historical sociology, in a deep understanding of global context, and in a solid and sophisticated understanding of Egypt, Indonesia, and Turkey, this book stands as a major contribution to the literature on Islam and politics. It sheds much new light on questions which have remained unanswered or obscured by the narrowness of mainstream social-science methods, analytical frameworks, and political preoccupations.'

John Sidel - London School of Economics and Political Science

'Vedi R. Hadiz has long been known as one of the most gifted and courageous analysts of his generation on politics and economics in Indonesia. In his new book, Hadiz turns his attention to the divergent trajectory of Muslim politics in Indonesia relative to the post-Arab spring Middle East. The result is a remarkably original study of Muslim politics and populism. Hadiz grounds the dynamics of Islamic populism in distinctly modern constellations of power and wealth, while also keeping a clear eye on the evolution of Islamic doctrines and ideologies in modern times. This fine work challenges many common culturalist assumptions about modern Muslims. It should be required reading for students of Muslim politics in the Middle East as well as in Indonesia.'

Robert Hefner - Boston University

'… this is a bold book with a sometimes startlingly broad scope and a highly original approach … It deserves careful reading by scholars who want to understand Islamic politics in Indonesia, especially by understanding its place in the wider Islamic world. The comparison of Islamic and secular populists, in particular, is a fruitful line of analysis that opens up many new opportunities for comparison …'

Edward Aspinall Source: Journal of Contemporary Asia

'Vedi Hadiz’s Islamic Populism in Indonesia and the Middle East manages to challenge the mainstream approach and offers a refreshing way of studying the trajectory of political Islam in Indonesia, Egypt and Turkey in relation to capitalist development. … A critical materialist approach in studying political Islam has been long overdue and Islamic Populism provides a good exemplar for future works in this vein.'

Iqra Anugrah Source: The Jakarta Post

'This comparative study essentially helps to deepen the knowledge of a complex narrative of the new Islamic populism that goes beyond liberal democratic triumphalism and security studies.'

Erna Anjarwati Source: Análise Social

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

Bibliography

Abdullah, C.D. (2005). Memoir Abdullah C.D.: Zaman Pergerakan Sehingga 1948, Part 1. Selangor: SIRD.
Abinales, Patricio N. (2010). Orthodoxy and History in the Muslim-Mindanao Narrative. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Abrahamian, Ervand. (1991). ‘Khomeini: Fundamentalist or Populist?’, New Left Review, 186, 102119.
Abrahamian, Ervand. (2009). ‘Why the Islamic Republic Has Survived’, Middle East Research and Information Project, 250. www.merip.org/mer/mer250/why-islamic-republic-has-survived, accessed on 28 July 2012.
Abshar-Abdalla, Ulil. (n.d.). ‘Islam dan Kapitalisme’, Jaringan Islam Liberal. http://islamlib.com/id/artikel/islam-dan-kapitalisme1, accessed on 20 February 2012.
Abshar-Abdalla, Ulil. (n.d.). ‘Revolusi Post-Islamis di Dunia Islam’, Jaringan Islam Liberal, http://islamlib.com/id/artikel/revolusi-post-islamis-di-dunia-islam, accessed on 21 November 2011.
Abuza, Zachary. (2003). Militant Islam in Southeast Asia: Crucible of Terror. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Abuza, Zachary. (2007). Political Islam and Violence in Indonesia. New York: Routledge.
Achcar, Gilbert. (2004). ‘Maxime Rodinson on Islamic “Fundamentalism”: An Unpublished Interview with Gilbert Achcar’, Middle East Report, 233, 24.
African Development Bank. (2011). ‘The Middle of the Pyramid: Dynamics of the Middle Class in Africa’, Market Brief, April 20, www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/The%20Middle%20of%20the%20Pyramid_The%20Middle%20of%20the%20Pyramid.pdf, accessed on 2 May 2011.
Akbarzadeh, Shahram. (2011a). ‘The Paradox of Political Islam’, in Akbarzadeh, Shahram (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Political Islam. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 18.
Akbarzadeh, Shahram. (2011b). ‘Islamism Reaches Central Asia’, in Akbarzadeh, Shahram (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Political Islam. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 119128.
Akça, Ismet. (2010). Military-Economic Structure in Turkey: Present Situation, Problems, and Solutions. Istanbul: Tesev Publications.
Akçam, Taner. (2004). From Empire to Republic: Turkish Nationalism and the Armenian Genocide. London: Zed Books.
‘Akhir Tahun, PKS Evaluasi Kinerja Dewan’, vivanews, 24 December 2011, http://us.nasional.news.viva.co.id/news/read/274677-akhir-tahun–pks-evaluasi-kinerja-dewan, accessed on 25 November 2013.
Alamsyah, Andi Rahman. (2013). ‘Islamic Parties at an Impasse, Need Reform to Avoid the Worst’, Jakarta Post, February 25, www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/02/25/islamic-parties-impasse-need-reform-avoid-worst.html, accessed on 26 February 2013.
Al-Anani, Khalil. (2012). ‘Egypt: the New Puritans’, in Wright, Robin (ed.), The Islamists Are Coming. Washington, DC: Wilson Centre, pp. 3137.
‘Al-Azhar Rejects Draft Law on Islamic Bonds’, Ahram Online, 3 January 2012, http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/3/12/61703/Business/Economy/AlAzhar-rejects-draft-law-on-Islamic-bonds.aspx, accessed on 15 January 2012.
Al-Azmeh, Aziz S. (2003). ‘Postmodern Obscurantism and the “Muslim Question”’, in Panitch, Leo and Leys, Colin (eds.), Fighting Identities: Race, Religion and Ethnonationalism. London: Merlin Press, pp. 2850.
Al-Battar, Saif. (2013). ‘Habib Rizieq: Demokrasi Lebih Bahaya dari Babi’, Arrahmah.com, 2 April, www.arrahmah.com/news/2013/04/02/habib-rizieq-demokrasi-lebih-bahaya-dari-babi.html, accessed on 5 May 2014.
Albertazzi, Daniele and McDonnell, Duncan (eds.). (2008a). Twenty-First Century Populism: The Spectre of Western European Democracy. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
Albertazzi, Daniele and McDonnell, Duncan. (2008b). ‘Introduction: The Sceptre and the Spectre’, in Albertazzi, Daniele and McDonnell, Duncan (eds.), Twenty-First Century Populism: The Spectre of Western European Democracy. London: Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 111.
Chaidar, Al. (2006). ‘Perpecahan dan Integrasi: Perkembangan Darul Islam di Indonesia dan Jaringannya di Asia Tenggara 1962–2006’, Unpublished paper.
Alexander, Christopher. (2010). Tunisia: Stability and Reform in the Modern Maghreb. London and New York: Routledge.
Alexander, Christopher. (2012). ‘Tunisia: The Best Bet’, in Wright, Robin (ed.), The Islamists are Coming. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, pp. 3948.
‘Analysis: Turkey’s Divisive Ergenekon Trial’, Al Jazeera, 12 August 2013, www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/08/201381175743430360.html, accessed on 7 September 2013.
Anderson, Benedict. (1983). ‘Old State, New Society: Indonesia’s New Order in Comparative Historical Perspective’, The Journal of Asian Studies, 42 (3), 477496.
Anderson, Benedict. (2009). ‘Afterword’, in Mizuno, Kosuke and Phongpaichit, Pasuk (eds.), Populism in Asia. Singapore: NUS Press in association with Kyoto University Press.
Anderson, Lisa. (1986). The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830–1980. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Ansari, Ali. (2008). ‘Iran under Ahmadinejad: Populism and Its Malcontents’, International Affairs, 84 (4), 683700.
Anwar, Rosihan. (2004). Sejarah Kecil ‘Petite Histoire’ Indonesia. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas.
Aragon, Lorraine. (2001). ‘Communal Violence in Poso: Where People Eat Fish and Fish Eat People’, Indonesia, 72, 4579.
Asian Development Bank. (2010). Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific. Manila: Asian Development Bank.
Aspinall, Edward. (2005). Opposing Suharto: Compromise, Resistance, and Regime Change in Indonesia. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Aspinall, Edward. (2009). Islam and Nation Separatist Rebellion in Aceh, Indonesia. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Awad, Marwa. (2011). ‘Egypt Brotherhood Businessman: Manufacturing is the Key’, Reuters, 28 October, www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/28/us-egypt-brotherhood-investment-idUSTRE79R1NQ20111028, accessed on 30 October 2011.
Ayoob, Mohammed. (2007). The Many Faces of Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Muslim World. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Ayubi, Nazih. (1993). Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World. London: Routledge.
Ayubi, Nazih. (1995). Over-stating the Arab State: Politics and Society in the Middle East. London: I.B.Tauris.
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). (2013). ‘Berita Resmi Statistik No.78/11/Th.XVI’, 6 November 2013, www.bps.go.id/brs_file/naker_06nov13.pdf, accessed on 10 January 2014.
Badran, Margot. (2013). ‘Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood: A Project of Patriarchal Extremism’, Ahram Online, 28 March, http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/4/67939/Opinion/Egypt%E2%80%99s-Muslim-Brotherhood-A-project-of-patriarcha.aspx, accessed on 16 April 2013.
Barros, Sebastian. (2005). ‘The Discursive Continuities of the Menemist Rupture’, in Panizza, Francisco (ed.), Populism and the Mirror of Democracy. London: Verso, pp. 250274.
Barton, Greg. (2002). Abdurrahman Wahid: Muslim Democrat, Indonesian President. Sydney: UNSW Press.
Barton, Greg. (2004). Jemaah Islamiyah: Radical Islamism in Indonesia. Sydney: UNSW Press.
Başkan, Filiz. (2010). ‘The Rising Islamic Business Elite and Democratization in Turkey’, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 12 (4), 399416.
Bayat, Asef. (2007). Making Islam Democratic: Social Movements and the Post-Islamist Turn. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Bayat, Asef. (2010). Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Bayat, Asef. (2013a). ‘Egypt and its Unsettled Islamism’, in Bayat, Asef (ed.) Post-Islamism: The Changing Faces of Political Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 185239.
Bayat, Asef. (2013b). ‘Post-Islamism at Large’ in Bayat, Asef (ed.) Post-Islamism: The Changing Faces of Political Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 332.
Beinin, Joel and Lockman, Zachary. (1998). Workers on the Nile: Nationalism, Communism, Islam and the Egyptian Working Class 1882–1954. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.
Bellin, Eva. (2000). ‘Contingent Democrats: Industrialists, Labor, and Democratization in Late-Developing Countries’, World Politics, 52 (2), 175205.
Bellin, Eva. (2002). Stalled Democracy: Capital, Labor, and the Paradox of State-Sponsored Development. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Bellin, Eva. (2004). ‘The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalist in Comparative Perspective’, Comparative Politics, 36 (2), 139157.
Bellin, Eva. (2008). ‘Faith in Politics: New Trends in the Study of Religion and Politics’, World Politics, 60, 315347.
Berezin, Mabel. (2009). Illiberal Politics in Neoliberal Times: Culture, Security and Populism in the New Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Berman, Sheri. (2003). ‘Islamism, Revolution and Civil Society’, Perspectives on Politics, 1 (2), 1126.
Berman, Sheri. (2013). ‘The Promise of the Arab Spring: In Political Development, No Gain Without Pain’, Foreign Affairs, 92.1 (January/February), 6474.
Berman, Sheri and Rose, Gideon. (2006). ‘Hizbollah is Rearing an Uncivil Society’, Financial Times, 1 September, p. 13.
Bertrand, Jacques. (2004). Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Biki, Amir. (2003). ‘Let Me Die for the Islamic World!’, in Bourchier, David and Hadiz, Vedi R. (eds.), Indonesian Politics and Society: A Reader. London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, pp. 151155.
Boland, Bernhard J. (1971). The Struggle of Islam in Modern Indonesia. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Bourchier, David. (1996). ‘Lineages of Organicist Political Thought in Indonesia’, PhD thesis. Melbourne: Monash University.
Bourchier, David M. and Hadiz, Vedi R.. (2003). Indonesian Politics and Society: A Reader. London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon.
Brachman, Jarret M. (2009). Global Jihadism: Theory and Practice. London: Routledge.
Bradley, John R. (2012). After the Arab Spring: How Islamists Hijacked The Middle East Revolts. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Brown, David and Wilson, Ian. (2007). ‘Ethnicized Violence in Indonesia: Where Criminals and Fanatics Meet’, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 13 (3), 367403.
Brown, Jonathan. (2011). Salafis and Sufis in Egypt. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Bubalo, Anthony, Fealy, Greg and Mason, Whit. (2008). ‘Zealous Democrats: Islamism and Democracy in Egypt, Indonesia and Turkey’, Lowy Institute Paper 25. Sydney: The Lowy Institute for International Policy.
Buehler, Michael. (2012). ‘Revisiting the Inclusion-Moderation Thesis in the Context of Decentralized Institutions: The Behavior of Indonesia’s Prosperous Justice Party in National and Local Politics’, Party Politics, 19 (2), 210229.
Bugra, Ayse. (1998). ‘Class, Culture and State: An Analysis of Interest Representation by Two Turkish Business Associations’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 30 (4), 521539.
Bukay, David. (2009). ‘Is the Military Bulwark Against Islamism Collapsing’, Middle East Quarterly, xvi (3), 2532.
Buruma, Ian. (2013). ‘There’s a Class Struggle behind “Turkish Spring”’ The Australian, 8 June, www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/theres-a-class-struggle-behind-turkish-spring/story-fnfi3iga-1226659527879#, accessed on 16 June 2013.
Bush, Robin (2008). ‘Regional Shariah Regulations in Indonesia: Anomaly or Symptom?’ in Fealy, Greg and White, Sally (eds.) Expressing Islam: Religious Life and Politics in Indonesia. Singapore: ISEAS, pp. 174191.
Butler, Judith, Laclau, Ernesto and Žižek, Slavoj. (2000). Contingency, Hegemony, Universality: Contemporary Dialogues on the Left. London: Verso.
Calvert, John. (2010). Sayyid Qutb and the Origins of Radical Islamism. New York: Columbia University Press.
Canovan, Margaret. (1981). Populism. New York: Harcourt Brace Javonovich.
Canovan, Margaret. (2005). The People. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Capoccia, Giovanni and Kelemen, R. Daniel. (2007), ‘The Study of Critical Junctures’, World Politics, 59, 341369.
Casier, Marlies and Jongerden, Joost. (2011). Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism, and the Kurdish Issue. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
CEDS-USAID (Centre for Economics and Development Studies, Padjadjaran University and United States Agency for International Development). (2013). ‘Evolution of Inequality in Indonesia, 1990–2012’, SEADI Discussion Paper No.17, 115.
Chua, Christian. (2008). Chinese Big Business in Indonesia: The State of Capital. Abingdon: Routledge.
Clarke, Janine A. (2004). Islam, Charity and Activism. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
Clover, Charles and Khalaf, Roula. (2011). ‘Egypt Military Uneasy Over Business Ties’, FT.com, 28 February, www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/a301b6ec-435b-11e0-8f0d-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2Lu85k3Bc, accessed on 16 March 2011.
Colas, Alejandro. (2004). ‘The Reinvention of Populism: Islamicist Responses to Capitalist Development in the Contemporary Maghreb’, Historical Materialism, 12 (4), 231260.
Conniff, Michael. (1999). Populism in Latin America. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
Connors, Michael K. (2007). ‘War on Error and the Southern Fire: How Terrorism Analysts Get it Wrong’, in McCargo, Duncan (ed.), Rethinking Thailand’s Southern Violence. Singapore: NUS Press, pp. 145164.
‘Court Postpones Retrial of Egypt Steel Tycoon Ezz’, Al Ahram Online, 5 August 2013, http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/3/12/78353/Business/Economy/Court-postpones-retrial-of-Egypt-steel-tycoon-Ezz.aspx, accessed on 5 August 2013.
Crouch, Harold. (1988). The Army and Politics in Indonesia. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Dagi, Ihsan. (2013). ‘Post-Islamism à la Turca’, in Bayat, Asef (ed.), Post-Islamism: The Changing Faces of Political Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 71108.
Dalacoura, Katerina. (2006). ‘Islamist Terrorism and the Middle East Democratic Deficit: Political Exclusion, Repression and the Causes of Extremism’, Democratization, 13 (3), 508525.
Damanik, Caroline. (2010). ‘Nanti, PKS Usulkan Lagi’, Kompas.com, 12 November, http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2010/11/12/1529009/Nanti.PKS.Usulkan.Soeharto.Lagi, accessed on 20 November 2010.
Deiwiks, Christa. (2009). ‘Populism’, Living Reviews in Democracy, www.livingreviews.org/lrd-2009–3, accessed on 12 June 2012.
Demir, Firat. (2010). ‘A Political Economy Analysis of the Turkish Military’s Split Personality: Patriarchal Master or Crony Capitalist?’ in Ҫetin, Tamer and Yilmaz, Feridum (eds.), Understanding the Process of Economic Change in Turkey: An Institutional Approach. New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Demir, Omer, Acar, Mustafa and Toprak, Metin. (2004). ‘Anatolian Tigers and Islamic Capital’, Middle Eastern Studies, 40 (6), 166188.
Desai, Radhika. (2004). ‘Forward March of Hindutva Halted?New Left Review, 30, 4967.
Diamond, Larry, Platnner, Marc F. and Brumberg, Daniel (eds.). (2003). Islam and Democracy in the Middle East. Baltimore: the Johns Hopkins University Press.
Dinçşahin, Şakir. (2012) ‘A Symptomatic Analysis of the Justice and Development Party’s Populism in Turkey, 2007–2010’, Government and Opposition, 47 (4): 618640.
Dituntut Hukuman Mati, Sang Imam Pun Menangis’, Tempo, Edisi 52/11, 27 Februari 1982.
Dorraj, Manochehr. (1990). From Zarathustra to Khomeini: Populism and Dissent in Iran. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Ebaugh, Helen Rose. (2010). The Gülen Movement: A Sociological Analysis of a Civic Movement Rooted in Moderate Islam. Dordrecht: Springer.
Effendy, Bachtiar. (2003). Islam and the State in Indonesia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
‘Egypt Court Bans all Brotherhood Activities, Reuters, 23 September 2013, www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/23/us-egypt-brotherhood-urgent-idUSBRE98M0HL20130923, accessed on 23 November 2013
‘Egypt Opposition Says Islamists Trying to Stifle Dissent’, Reuters, 28 December 2012, http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/61441/Egypt/Egypt-opposition-says-Islamists-trying-to-stifle-d.aspx, accessed on 10 January 2013.
‘Egypt’s Army: Ambitious Men in Uniform’, The Economist, 3 August 2013, www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21582564-generals-who-deposed-muslim-brotherhood-are-keener-power-they-let, accessed on 17 August 2013.
‘Elections Violate Islamic Law: Egypt’s Mohamed El-Zawahiri’, Ahram Online, 4 March 2013, http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/66087/Egypt/Politics-/Elections-violate-Islamic-Law-Egypts-Mohamed-ElZaw.aspx, accessed on 21 April 2013.
El-Hodaiby, Ibrahim. (2013). ‘Egypt: in the Shadow of the State’, Ahram Online, 13 April, http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/4/69133/Opinion/Egypt-In-the-shadow-of-the-state.aspx, accessed on 7 October 2013.
Eligur, Banu. (2010). The Mobilization of Political Islam in Turkey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
El-Kouedi, Mona. (2013). ‘Live and Let Die: The Military and the Brotherhood’, Ahram Online, 18 February, http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/4/0/65026/Opinion/Live-and-let-die-The-military-and-the-Brotherhood.aspx, accessed on 20 February 2013.
El-Rashidi, Sarah. (2012). ‘Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula: Fertile Ground for Discontent’, Al Ahram Online, 2 September, http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/51578/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-Sinai-Peninsula-Fertile-ground-for-disconte.aspx, accessed on 21 Desember 2012.
El-Wardani, Lina. (2011) ‘Ahram Online’s Idiot’s Guide to Egypt’s Emergent Political Landscape’, Ahram Online, 20 April, http://english.ahram.org.eg/~/NewsContent/1/64/10342/Egypt/Politics-/Ahram-Onlines-idiots-guide-to-Egypts-emergent-poli.aspx, accessed on 25 April 2011.
Emmerson, Donald K. (2002). ‘Whose Eleventh? Indonesia and the United States Since 11 September’, Brown Journal of World Affairs, IX (1), 115126.
Entelis, John P. (1997). Islam, Democracy, and the State in North Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
‘Erdogan’s Victory, the Country’s Loss’, todayszaman.com, www.todayszaman.com/blog/oguzhan-tekin_344355_erdogans-victory-the-countrys-loss.html, accessed on 11 April 2014.
‘Ergenekon Case an Excuse to Try Anti-Government Figures: CHP Leader’, Hurriyet Daily News, 12 August 2013, www.hurriyetdailynews.com/ergenekon-case-an-excuse-to-try-anti-government-figures-chp-leader.aspx?pageID=238&nID=52424&NewsCatID=338, accessed on 10 January 2014.
Esayan, Markar. (n.d). ‘What is Deep State?’, Today’s Zaman, www.todayszaman.com/columnist-302319-what-is-deep-state.html, accessed on 15th April 2014.
Esposito, John L. (2010). The Future of Islam. New York: Oxford University Press.
Esposito, John L., and Voll, John Obert. (1996). Islam and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press.
‘Falsafah Dasar Perjuangan dan Platform Kebijakan Pembangunan PKS’, pks.or.id, 28 May 2013, www.pks.or.id/content/falsafah-dasar-perjuangan-dan-platform-kebijakan-pembangunan-pks, accessed on 16 June 2013.
Farah, Nadia Ramsis. (2009). Egypt’s Political Economy: Power Relations in Development. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.
Fealy, Greg. (2004). Islamic Radicalism in Indonesia: The Faltering Revival?, Southeast Asian Affairs. Singapore: ISEAS, pp. 104121.
Fealy, Greg. (2006). ‘A Conservative Turn: Liberal Islamic Groups Have Prompted a Backlash’, Inside Indonesia, 87, July–September, www.insideindonesia.org/weekly-articles-87-jul-sep-2006/a-conservative-turn-15071555, accessed on 8 October 2010.
Fealy, Greg and White, Sally (eds.). (2008). Expressing Islam: Religious Life and Politics in Indonesia. Singapore: ISEAS.
Feillard, Andree and Madinier, Rémy. (2010). The End of Innocence?: Indonesian Islam and the Temptation of Radicalism. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Feith, Herbeth. (1962). Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia. Ihtaca: Cornell University Press.
Filaly-Ansari, Abdou. (2003). ‘Muslims and Democracy’, in Diamond, Larry, Plattner, Marc F. and Brumberg, Daniel (eds.), Islam and Democracy in the Middle East. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 193207.
Formichi, Chiara. (2010). ‘Pan-Islam and Religious Nationalism: The Case of Kartosuwiryo and the Negara Islam Indonesia’, Indonesia, 90 (October), 123.
Formichi, Chiara. (2012). Islam and the Making of the Nation: Kartosuwiryo and Political Islam in 20th Century Indonesia. Leiden: KITLV Press.
Frisch, Hillel and Inbar, Efraim (eds.). (2008). Radical Islam and International Security: Challenges and Responses. London: Routledge.
Gabriel, Satyananda J. (2001). ‘Class Analysis of the Iranian Revolution of 1979’, in Gibson-Graham, J.K., Resnick, Stephen and Wolff, Richard (eds.), Re/presenting Class: Essays in Postmodern Marxism. Durham: Duke University Press, pp. 206226.
Gambetta, Diego and Hertog, Steffen. (2009). ‘Why Are There So Many Engineers Among Islamic Radicals?’, European Journal of Sociology, 50 (2), 201230.
Gatra, Sandro. (2012). ‘Mendagri: Perda Syariah di Tasikmalaya Tak Mungkin Disetujui’, Kompas.com, 6 June, http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2012/06/06/1911180/Mendagri.Perda.Syariah.di.Tasikmalaya.Tak.Mungkin.Disetujui, accessed on 16 June 2012.
‘GDP Growth (annual%)’, The World Bank, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, accessed on 20 April 2012.
Geertz, Clifford. (1960). Religion of Java. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.
Geertz, Clifford. (1971). Islam Observed: Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Gellner, Ernest. (1981). Muslim Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gerges, Fawaz A. (2013). ‘The Islamist Moment: From Islamic State to Civil Islam? Political Science Quarterly, 128 (3), 389426.
Gershman, John. (2002). ‘Is Southeast Asia the Second Front?’, Foreign Affairs, July–August, 6074.
Gheissari, Ali and Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza. (2006). Democracy in Iran: History and the Quest for Liberty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gibson, Edward. (1997). ‘The Populist Road to Reform. Policy and Electoral Coalitions in Mexico and Argentina’, World Politics, 49 (2): 339370.
Gilsenan, Michael. (1988). ‘The Apprehensions of Islam’, Middle East Report, July–August.
Gilsenan, Michael. (2008). Recognizing Islam: Religion and Society in the Modern Middle East. London: I.B. Taurus.
Gocek, Fatma Müge. (2011). The Transformation of Turkey. Redefining State and Society from the Ottoman Empire to the Modern Era. London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
Gökmen, Özgür. (2004). ‘The State of Labour in Turkey, 1919–1938’, Mitteilungsblatt des Instituts für soziale Bewegungen Heft 33, 123136.
‘Gubernur Jabar Siap Bubarkan Ahmadiyah’, Republika Online, www.republika.co.id/berita/breaking-news/nasional/11/03/02/166873-gubernur-jabar-siap-bubarkan-ahmadiyah, accessed on 2 March 2011.
Gumuscu, Sebnem. (2010). ‘Class, Status and Party: The Changing Face of Political Islam in Turkey and Egypt’, Comparative Historical Studies, 43 (7), 835861.
Gunaratna, Rohan. (2002). Inside Al Qaeda: Global Network of Terror. New York: Columbia University Press.
Gunaratna, Rohan. (2004). ‘Understanding Al Qaeda and its Network in Southeast Asia’, in Ramakrishna, Kumar and Seng, Tan See (eds.) (2003) After Bali: The Threat of Terrorism in Southeast Asia. Singapore: World Scientific, pp. 117132.
Gunaratna, Rohan, Acharya, Arabinda and Chua, Sabrina (eds.). (2005). Conflict and Terrorism in Southern Thailand. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Academic.
Gursel, Seyfettin. (2012). ‘Income Inequality in Turkey’, Todayszaman.com. 12 November, www.todayszaman.com/columnists/seyfettin-gursel_297924-income-inequality-in-turkey.html, accessed on 15 November 2012.
Hadiz, Vedi R. (1997). Workers and the State in New Order Indonesia. London: Routledge.
Hadiz, Vedi R. (2010). Localising Power in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia: A Southeast Asia Perspective. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Hadiz, Vedi R. (2011). ‘Indonesian Political Islam: Capitalist Development and the Legacies of the Cold War’, Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 30 (1), 338.
Hadiz, Vedi R. (2014). ‘The New Islamic Populism and the Contradictions of Development’, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 44 (1), 125143.
Hadiz, Vedi R. and Teik, Khoo Boo. (2011). ’Approaching Islam and Politics from Political Economy: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Malaysia’, Pacific Review, 24 (4), 463485.
Hadiz, Vedi R. and Robison, Richard. (2012). ‘Political Economy and Islamic Politics: Insights from the Indonesian Case’, New Political Economy, 17 (2), 137155.
Haklai, Oded. (2009). ‘Authoritarianism and Islamic Movements in the Middle East: Research and Theory-building in the Twenty-first century’, International Studies Review 11 (1): 2745.
Halliday, Fred. (1978). ‘Trade Unions and the Working Class Opposition’, MERIP Reports, No. 71 (October), pp. 713.
Halliday, Fred. (1988). ‘The Iranian Revolution: Uneven Development and Religious Populism’, in Halliday, Fred and Alavi, Hamza (eds.), State and Ideology in the Middle East and Pakistan. Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp. 3163.
Halliday, Fred. (1995). ‘Islam is in Danger: Authority, Rushdie and the Struggle for the Migrant Soul’, in Hippler, Jochen and Lueg, Andrea (eds.), The Next Threat: Western Perceptions of Islam. London: Pluto Press, pp. 7181.
Halliday, Fred. (1996). Islam and the Myth of Confrontation: Religion and Politics in the Middle East. London and New York: IB Tauris & Co Ltd.
Halliday, Fred. (2000). Nation and Religion in the Middle East. London: Saqi Books.
Halliday, Fred. (2002). Islam and the Myth of Confrontation: Religion and Politics in the Middle East. London: I.B. Tauris.
Halliday, Fred. (2004). ‘The Iranian Left in International Perspective’, in Cronin, Stephanie (ed.), Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran: New Perspective on the Iranian Left. London: RoutledgeCurzon, pp. 1936.
Halliday, Fred. (2012). Political Journeys: The openDemocracy Essays. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Halperin, Sandra. (2005). ‘The Post-Cold War Political Topography of the Middle East: Prospects for Democracy’, Third World Quarterly, 26 (7), 11351156.
Hamayotsu, Kikue. (2002). ‘Islam and Nation Building in Southeast Asia: Malaysia and Indonesia in Comparative Perspective’, Pacific Affairs, 75 (3), 353375.
Hamayotsu, Kikue. (2011). ‘The End of Political Islam? A Comparative Analysis of Religious Parties in the Muslim Democracy of Indonesia’, Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 30 (3) (December), 133159.
Hamid, Ahmad Fauzi Abdul. (2009). The New Challenges of Political Islam in Malaysia, Perth, Murdoch University, Asia Research Centre, Working Paper No. 154, wwwarc.murdoch.edu.au/wp/wp154.pdf, accessed on 14 August 2009.
Hamid, Shadi (2014). Temptations of Power: Islamists & Illiberal Democracy in the New Middle East, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hamilton-Hart, Natasha. (2005). ‘Terrorism in Southeast Asia: Expert Analysis, Myopia and Fantasy’, Pacific Review, 18 (3), 303325.
Hamzawi, Amr, Ottaway, Marina and Brown, Nathan J.. (2009). ‘What Islamicists Need to be Clear About: The Case of the Egyptian Brotherhood’, Policy Outlook. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Hanieh, Adam. (2006). “Democracy Promotion” and Neoliberalism in the Middle East’, Links: International Journal of Socialist Renewal, Issue 29. Available: http://links.org.au/node/224.
Hara, Abubakar Eby. (2010). ‘Pancasila and the Perda Syari’ah’ Debates in the Post-Suharto Era: Toward a New Political Consensus’, in Atsushi, Ota, Masaaki, Okamoto and Sueady, Ahmad (eds.), Islam in Contention: Rethinking Islam and State in Indonesia. Jakarta: Wahid Institute, CSEAS and CAPAS, pp. 3675.
Harvey, Barbara S. (1977). Permesta: Half a Rebellion. Ithaca: Cornell University Southeast Asia Programme, Monograph No. 57.
Hasan, Noorhaidi. (2006). Laskar Jihad: Islam, Militancy, and the Quest for Identity in Post-New Order Indonesia. Ithaca, NY: Southeast Asia Program Publications, Cornell University.
Hashemi, Nader and Postel, Danny (eds.). (2010). The People Reloaded, The Green Movement and the Struggle for Iran’s Future. Brooklyn: Melville House.
Hastings, Justin V. (2010). No Man’s Land: Globalization, Territory and Clandestine Groups in Southeast Asia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Hauslohner, Abigail. (2013). ‘After Morsi’s Ouster, Egypt’s Old Guard is Back’, Washington Post, 19 July, http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013–07-19/world/40680255_1_muslim-brotherhood-old-guard-regime, accessed on 25 August 2013.
Hawkins, Everett D. (1963). ‘Labour in Transition’, in McVey, Ruth (ed.), Indonesia. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 248271.
Hawkins, Kirk. (2003). ‘Populism in Venezuela: The Rise of Chavismo’, Third World Quarterly, 24 (6): 11371160.
Hawkins, Kirk A. (2010). Venezuela’s Chavismo and Populism in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Haynes, Jeffrey and Porat, Guy Ben. (2010). Globalisation, Religion and Secularisation – Different States, Same Trajectories?, Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, 11 (2), 125132.
Hefner, Robert W. (1993). ‘Islam, State and Civil Society: ICMI and the Struggle for the Indonesian Middle Class’, Indonesia, 56, 135.
Hefner, Robert W. (2000). Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratisation in Indonesia. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Hefner, Robert W. (2001). ‘Introduction’, in Hefner, Robert W. (ed.), The Politics of Multiculturalism: Pluralism and Citizenship in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, pp. 156.
Hefner, Robert W. (2004). ‘Introduction: Modernity and the Remaking of Muslim Politics’, in Hefner, R.W. (ed.), Remaking Muslim Politics: Pluralism, Contestation, Democratization. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 128.
Hefner, Robert W. (2005a). ‘Introduction: Modernity and the Remaking of Muslim Politics’, in Hefner, Robert W. (ed.), Remaking Muslim Politics: Pluralism, Contestation, Democratization. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 128.
Hefner, Robert W. (ed.). (2005b). ‘Muslim Democrats and Islamist Violence in Post-Suharto Indonesia’, in Hefner, Robert W. (ed.), Remaking Muslim Politics: Pluralism, Contestation, Democratization. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 273301.
Hefner, Robert W. (2009a). Making Modern Muslims: the Politics of Islamic Education in Southeast Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Hefner, Robert W. (2009b). ‘September 11 and the Struggle for Islam’, Social Science Research Council/After Sept. 11, http://essays.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/hefner_text_only.htm, accessed on 2 October 2009.
Hefner, Robert W. (2011). ‘Human Rights and Democracy in Islam: The Indonesian Case in Global Perspective’, in Banchoff, Thomas and Wuthnow, Robert (eds.), Religion and the Global Politics of Human Rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 3969.
Heiduk, Felix. (2012). ‘Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Radical Islam in Post-Suharto Indonesia’, International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 6 (1), 2640.
Hennessy, Alistair. (1969). ‘Latin America’, in Ionescu, Ghiţa and Gellner, Ernest (eds.), Populism, Its Meanings and National Characteristics. New York: Macmillan, pp. 2861.
Henry, Clement and Springborg, Robert. (2001). Globalization and the Politics of Development in the Middle East. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Heryanto, Ariel. (2011). ‘Upgraded Piety and Pleasure: The New Middle Class and Islam in Indonesian Popular Culture’, in Weintraub, Andrew (ed.), Islam and Popular Culture in Indonesia and Malaysia. London: Routledge.
Hicks, Jacqueline. (2012). ‘“The Missing Link”: Explaining the Political Mobilisation of Islam in Indonesia’, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 42 (1), 3966.
Hilmy, Masdar. (2010). Islamism and Democracy in Indonesia: Piety and Pragmatism. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Hinnebusch, Raymond. (1984). ‘The Reemergence of the Wafd Party: Glimpses of the Liberal Opposition in Egypt’, International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 16, 99121.
Hirschkind, Charles. (1997). ‘What is Political Islam?’, Middle East Report, 205, 1214.
Hofstadter, Richard. (1969). ‘North America’, in Ionescu, G. and Gellner, E. (eds.), Populism Its Meanings and National Characteristics. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, pp. 927.
Hooglund, Eric. (1992). ‘Iranian Populism and Political Change in the Gulf’, Middle East Report, No. 174 (January–February), 1921
Horowitz, David. (2011). ‘A Mass Expression of Outrage Against Injustice’ (interview with Lewis, Bernard), Jerusalem Post, 25 February, www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=209770, accessed on 15 April 2011.
Yew-Feng, Hui (ed.). (2013). Encountering Islam: the Politics of Religious Identities in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Huntington, Samuel P. (1993). ‘The Clash of Civilizations’, Foreign Affairs, 72 (3), 2249.
Huntington, Samuel P. (1996). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and Schuster.
ICG (International Crisis Group). (2002). ‘Al Qaeda in Southeast Asia: The Case of the “Ngruki Network” in Indonesia’, Asia Briefing, No. 20, 8 August, corrected on 10 January 2003, www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/asia/south-east-asia/indonesia/B020-al-qaeda-in-southeast-asia-the-case-of-the-ngruki-network-in-indonesia-corrected-on-10-January-2003.aspx, accessed on 29 July 2009.
ICG (International Crisis Group). (2005a). ‘Southern Thailand: Insurgency, Not Jihad’, Asia Report, No. 98, 18 May, www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/asia/south-east-asia/thailand/098-southern-thailand-insurgency-not-jihad.aspx, accessed on 18 September 2005.
ICG (International Crisis Group). (2005b). ‘Recycling Militants in Indonesia: Darul Islam and the Australian Embassy Bombing’, Asia Report, No. 92, 22 February, www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/asia/south-east-asia/indonesia/092-recycling-militants-in-indonesia-darul-islam-and-the-australian-embassy-bombing.aspx, accessed on 29 July 2009.
ICG (International Crisis Group). (2010). ‘Indonesia: The Dark Side of Jama’ah Ansharut Tauhid (JAT)’, Asia Briefing, No. 107, 6 July, www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/asia/south-east-asia/indonesia/B107-indonesia-the-dark-side-of-jamaah-ansharut-tauhid-jat.aspx, accessed on 17 August 2010.
Ihsanuddin. (2014). ‘PKS Optimistis Koalisi dengan Gerindra Bisa Kalahkan Jokowi’. Kompas.com. 28 April, http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/04/28/0033159/PKS.Optimistis.Koalisi.dengan.Gerindra.Bisa.Kalahkan.Jokowi, accessed on 28 April 2014.
Imran, Imran Sampai di Sini,’ Tempo, Edisi 08/13, 23 April 1983.
ING Economics Department. (2012). ‘Turkey: An Economic Pearl on the Bosphorus’, 17 April, www.ing.nl/Images/ING%20report%20Turkey,%20an%20economic%20pearl%20on%20the%20Bosphorus_tcm14-109367.pdf, accessed on 31 July 2012.
Introvigne, Massimo. (2006). ‘Turkish Religious Market(s): A View Based on the Religious Economy Theory’, in Yavuz, Hakan (ed.), The Emergence of A New Turkey: Democracy and the AK Parti, pp. 2348.
Ionescu, Ghita. (1969). ‘Eastern Europe’, in Ionescu, Ghita and Gellner, Ernest (eds.), Populism. Its Meanings and National Characteristics. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, pp. 97121.
Ionescu, Ghita and Gellner, Ernest (eds.). (1969). Populism: Its Meanings and National Characteristics. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Ismail, Noor Huda. (2010). Temanku Teroris? Saat Dua Santri Ngruki Menempuh Jalan Berbeda. Jakarta: Hikmah.
Jackson, Karl D. (1980). Traditional Authority, Islam, and Rebellion: A Study of Indonesian Political Behavior. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Jahroni, Jajang. (2008). Defending the Majesty of Islam: Indonesia’s Front Pembela Islam, 1998–2003. Bangkok: Asian Muslim Action Network.
Jansen, Robert S. (2011). ‘Populist Mobilization: A New Theoretical Approach to Populism’, Sociological Theory, 29, 2: 7596.
Jenkins, David. (2002). ‘Soeharto’s Komando Jihad, Chickens Come Home to Roost’, Sydney Morning Herald, 14 October, www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/10/14/1034222686274.html, accessed on 5 January 2010.
Johnson, Carol. (1998). ‘Pauline Hanson and One Nation’, in Betz, Hans-Georg and Immerfall, Stefan (eds.), The New Politics of the Right: Neo-Populist Parties and Movements in Established Democracies. New York: St. Martin’s Press, pp. 211218.
Jones, Seth G. (2013). ‘The Mirage of the Arab Spring: Deal with the Region You Have, Not the Region You Want’, Foreign Affairs, 92 (1) (January/February), 5563.
Jones, Sidney. (2013). ‘Indonesian Government Approaches to Radical Islam Since 1998’, in Künkler, Mirjam and Stepan, Alfred (eds.), Democracy & Islam in Indonesia. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 109125.
Jongerden, Joost and Akkaya, Ahmet Hamdi. (2011). ‘Born from the Left: the Making of the PKK’, in Casier, Marlies and Jongerden, Joost (eds.), Nationalims and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism and the Kurdish Issue. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 123142.
Juergensmeyer, Mark. (2008). Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State, from Christian Militias to al Qaeda. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Kahin, Audrey. R. and Kahin, George M.. (1995). Subversion as Foreign Policy: The Secret Eisenhower and Dulles Debacle in Indonesia. New York: The New Press.
Kalaycıoğlu, Ersin. (2010). ‘Turkish Referendum: Divided We Stand’, Today’s Zaman, September 19, www.todayszaman.com/news-222065-turkish-referendum-divided-we-stand.html, accessed on 20 November 2010.
Kandil, Hazem. (2011). ‘Islamizing Egypt? Testing the limits of Gramscian counterhegemonic strategies’, Theory and Society, 40, (1) (January 2011), 3762.
Karakas, Cemal. (2007). ‘Turkey: Islam and Laicism Between the Interests of State, Politics, and Society’, PRIF Reports No. 78. Frankfurt: Peace Research Institute.
Karmon, Ely. (1997). ‘Radical Islamic Political Groups in Turkey’, Middle East Review of International Affairs, 1, 4 December, http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/1997/issue4/jv1n4a2.html, accessed on 14 February 2012.
Keddie, Nikki R. (1994). ‘The Revolt of Islam, 1700 to 1993: Comparative Considerations and Relations to Imperialism’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 36 (3) (July), 463487.
Kedourie, Ellie. (1992). Democracy and Arab Political Culture. Washington, DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
Kemal, Lale. (2014). ‘Turkish Military Only Winner in Current Turmoil’, Today’s Zaman, 3 February, www.todayszaman.com/columnists/lale-kemal_338391-turkish-military-only-winner-in-current-turmoil.html, accessed on 1 March 2014.
Kepel, Gilles. (1984). The Prophet and the Pharaoh: Muslim Extremism in Egypt. London: Al Saqi Books.
Kepel, Gilles. (2003a). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Cambridge: Belknap Press.
Kepel, Gilles. (2003b). Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet and Pharaoh. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Keshavarzian, Arang. (2010). ‘Iran’, in Angrist, Michele Penner (ed.), Politics & Society in the Contemporary Middle East. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2010, pp. 229260.
Kessler, Clive. (1978). Islam and Politics in a Malay State: Kelantan 1938–1969. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Keyder, Çağlar. (1987). State and Class in Turkey: A Study in Capitalist Development. London: Verso.
Khalifa, Doaa. (2013). ‘Egypt’s Slum Crisis Persists amid Housing Abundance’, Ahram Online, 12 January, http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/62321/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-slum-crisis-persists-amid-housing-abundance.aspx, accessed on 16 February 2013.
Teik, Khoo Boo. (2006). ‘Islamic Opposition in Malaysia: Political Idiom, Moral Economy and Religious Governance’, in Hadiz, Vedi R. (ed.), Empire and Neoliberalism in Asia. London: Routledge, pp. 139155.
Khoo Boo, Teik, Hadiz, Vedi R. and Nakanishi, Yoshihiro (eds.). (2014). Between Dissent and Power: The Transformation of Islamic Politics in the Middle East and Asia. London: Palgrave Macmillan
King, Stephen J. (2007). ‘Sustaining Authoritarianism in the Middle East and North Africa’, Political Science Quarterly, 122 (3), 433459.
Kingsley, Patrick. (2013). ‘Egypt in Turmoil as Defiant Morsi Stands Firm over “Coup” Threat’, The Guardian, 2 July, www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jul/01/egypt-army-mohamed-morsi-coup, accessed on 16 October 2013.
KPU (Komisi Pemilihan Umum). (2014). ‘Persentasi Hasil Suara Partai’, www.kpu.go.id/index.php/persentasepartai.
KPG and Tempo. (2011). Kartosuwiryo: Mimpi Negara Islam. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia and Tempo.
Kurzman, Charles. (1998). Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kuzminski, Adrian. (2008). Fixing the System: A History of Populism, Ancient and Modern. New York: Continuum.
Laclau, Ernesto. (2005). On Populist Reason. London: Verso.
Laclau, Ernesto. (2006). ‘Populism: What’s in a Name’, in Panizza, Francisco (ed.) (2005) Populism and the Mirror of Democracy. London: Verso, pp. 3249.
Lane, Max. (2008). Unfinished Nation: Indonesia before and after Suharto. London: Verso Books.
Lapidus, Ira. (2002). A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Laskier, Michael M. (2008). ‘Islamic Radicalism and Terrorism in the European Union: The Maghrebi Factor’, in Frisch, Hillel and Inbar, Efraim (eds.), Radical Islam and International Security: Challenges and Response. London: Routledge, pp. 93120.
Lee, Robert D. (2010). Religion and Politics in the Middle East: Identity, Ideology, Institutions, and Attitudes. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Leezenberg, Michiel. (2001). ‘Political Islam Among the Kurds’, paper prepared for the International Conference ‘Kurdistan: The Unwanted State’, 29–31 March, Jagiellonian University/Polish-Kurdish Society, Cracow, Poland.
Lewis, Bernard. (1990). ‘The Roots of Muslim Rage’, The Atlantic, September, www.theatlantic.com/doc/199009/muslim-rage, accessed on 15 April 2009.
Lewis, Bernard. (1994). ‘Why Turkey is the Only Muslim Democracy’, Middle East Quarterly, 1 (1), 4149.
Liddle, William R. (1996). ‘The Islamic Turn in Indonesia’, The Journal of Asian Studies, 55 (3), 613634.
Liow, Joseph Chinyong. (2006). Muslim Resistance in Southern Thailand and Southern Philippines: Religion, Ideology, and Politics, Policy Studies No. 24. Washington, DC: East-West Centre.
Lubeck, Paul M. (1998). ‘Islamist Responses to Globalization: Cultural Conflict in Egypt, Algeria, and Malaysia’, in Crawford, Beverly and Lipschutz, Ronnie D. (eds.), The Myth of ‘Ethnic Conflict’: Politics, Economics, and ‘Cultural’ Violence. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 293319.
Lucardie, Paul. (2008). ‘The Netherlands: Populism versus Pillarization’, in Albertazzi, Daniele and McDonnell, Duncan, Twenty-first Century Populism: The Spectre of Western European Democracy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 151165.
Lynch, Marc. (2012). The Arab Uprising: The Unfinished Revolutions of the New Middle East. New York: Public Affairs.
Lyon, Margo L. (1970). Bases of Conflict in Rural Java. Berkeley, CA: Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of California.
Machmudi, Yon. (2006). ‘Islamising Indonesia: The Rise of the Jemaah Tarbiyah and the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS)’, PhD dissertation, Australian National University.
Maidin, Rashid. (2005). Daripada Perjuangan Bersenjata Kepada Perdamaian. Selangor: SIRD.
Malaka, Tan. (1922). ‘Communism and Pan-Islamism’, www.marxists.org/archive/malaka/1922-Panislamism.htm, accessed on 30 December 2009.
Mamdani, Mahmood. (2002). ‘Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: A Political Perspective on Culture and Terrorism’, American Anthropologist, 104 (3), 766775.
Mamdani, Mahmood. (2004). Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War, and the Roots of Terror. New York: Pantheon Books.
Mann, Michael. (1984). ‘The Autonomous Power of The State: Its Origins, Mechanisms, and Results’, European Archive Of Sociology, 25, 185212.
Mann, Michael. (1986). ‘The Autonomous Power of the State: Its Origins, Mechanisms, and Results’, in Hall, John A. (ed.), States in History. Oxford: Blackwell.
Mardin, Serif. (2006). Religion, Society, and Modernity in Turkey. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Marliere, Philippe. (2013). ‘From Le Pen to Beppe Grillo: The Spectre of Populism’, Counter Punch, Weekend Edition June 14–16, www.counterpunch.org/2013/06/14/the-spectre-of-populism/, accessed on 16 July 2014.
Martin, Richard C. and Barzegar, Abbas (eds.). (2010). Islamism: Contested Perspectives on Political Islam. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Matin-Asgari, Afshin. (2004). ‘From Social Democracy to Social Democracy: the Twentieth Century Odyssey of the Iranian Left’, in Cronin, Stephanie (ed.), Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran: New Perspective on the Iranian Left. London: RoutledgeCurzon, pp. 3764.
Matsunaga, Yasuyuki. (2009). ‘Struggles for Democratic Consolidation in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1979–2004’, PhD dissertation, New York: Department of Politics, New York University.
McCargo, Duncan. (2008). Tearing Apart the Land: Islam and Legitimacy in Southern Thailand. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
McKinsey Global Institute. (2012). The Archipelago Economy: Unleashing Indonesia’s Potential, September.
McVey, Ruth T.(1965 [2006]). The Rise of Indonesian Communism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
McVey, Ruth T. (2009). ‘Datuk Batuah’, in Krämer, Gudrun, Matringe, Denis, Nawas, John and Rowson, Everett (eds.), Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. 9 November 2013, www.paulyonline.brill.nl/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/batuah-datuk-COM_23120, accessed on 9 November 2013.
Means, Gordon. (2009). Political Islam in Southeast Asia. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
Meijer, Roel. (2011). ‘The Jama’at al-Islamiyya as a Social Movement’, in Beinin, Joel and Vairel, Frédéric (eds.), Social Movements, Mobilization and Contestation in the Middle East and North Africa. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 143162.
Michaels, Samantha and Haryanto, Ulma. (2012). ‘What’s the Indonesian Military’s Business?’, Jakarta Globe, 11 May.
Mietzner, Marcus. (2009). Military Politics, Islam, and the State in Indonesia: From Turbulent Transition to Democratic Consolidation. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Mietzner, Marcus. (2013). ‘Veto Player No More? The Declining Political Influence of the Military in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia’, in Künkler, Mirjam and Stepan, Alfred (eds.), Democracy & Islam in Indonesia. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 89108.
Mirsepassi, Ali. (2004). ‘The Tragedy of the Iranian Left’, in Cronin, Stephanie (ed.), Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran: New Perspective on the Iranian Left. London: RoutledgeCurzon, pp. 229249.
Misbach, Haji Mohammad. (1925). ‘Islamisme dan Kommunisme’, Medan Moeslimin, 11 (4).
Mitchell, Richard P. (1993). The Society of the Muslim Brothers. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mizuno, Kosuke and Phongpaichit, Pasuk (eds.). (2009). Populism in Asia. Singapore: NUS Press in association with Kyoto University Press.
Moertopo, Ali. (1973). Some Basic Thoughts on the Acceleration and Modernization of 25 Years Development. Jakarta: Yayasan Proklamasi and Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Moghadam, Val. (1987). ‘Socialism or Anti-Imperialism? The Left and the Revolution in Iran’, NLR I/166, November–December, 528.
Moore, Barrington. (1966). The Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World. Boston: Beacon Press.
Mortimer, Rex. (1974). Indonesian Communism under Sukarno: Ideology and Politics 1959–1965. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Mouffe, Chantal. (2005). ‘The “End of Politics” and the Challenge of Right-Wing Populism’, in Panizza, Francisco (ed.), Populism and the Mirror of Democracy. London: Verso, pp. 5071.
Moussalli, Ahmad S. (2010). ‘Sayyid Qutb: Founder of Radical Islamic Ideology’, in Akbarzadeh, Shahram (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Political Islam. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 926.
Mouzelis, Nicos. (1985). ‘On the Concept of Populism: Populist and Clientelist Modes of Incorporation in Semi-peripheral Polities’, Politics & Society, 14, 329348.
Mudde, Cas. (2004). ‘The Populist Zeitgeist’, Government and Opposition, 39 (4), 541563.
Mudde, Cas and Kaltwasser, Cristobal Rovira (eds.). (2012). Populism in Europe and the Americas: Threat or Corrective for Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mulyadi, Hari and Soedarmono, . (1999). Runtuhnya Kekuasaan ‘Kraton Alit’, Studi Radikalisasi Sosial ‘Wong Sala’ dan Kerusuhan Mei 1998 di Surakarta. Solo: LPTP.
Munabari, Fahlesa. (2010). ‘Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia: The Rhetorical Struggle for Survival’, in Atsushi, Ota, Masaaki, Okamoto and Sueady, Ahmad (eds.), Islam in Contention: Rethinking Islam and State in Indonesia. Jakarta: Wahid Institute, CSEAS and CAPAS, pp. 169213.
Munandar, Arief. (2011). ‘Antara Jemaah dan Partai Politik: Dinamika Habitus Kader Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) dalam Arena Politik Indonesia Pasca Pemilu 2004’, PhD Thesis, Universitas Indonesia.
‘Muslim Inc: How Rich is Khairat El-Shater?’, Ahram Online, 2 April 2012, http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/38278.aspx, accessed on 30 April 2012.
Mutalib, Hussin. (1990). Islam and Ethnicity in Malay Politics. Singapore: Oxford University Press.
Nagata, Judith. (1984). The Reflowering of Malaysian Islam: Modern Religious Radical and Their Roots. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
Nasr, Vali. (2005). ‘The Rise of “Muslim Democracy”’, Journal of Democracy, 16 (2): 1327.
Nasr, Vali. (2009). Forces of Fortune: The Rise of the New Muslim Middle Class and What It Will Mean for Our World. New York: Free Press.
Nasution, Adnan Buyung. (1995). Aspirasi Pemerintah Konstitutional di Indonesia: Studi Sosio-Legal atas Konstituante 1956–1959. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti.
Newland, Lynda. (2000). ‘Under the Banner of Islam: Mobilising Religious Identities in West Java’, The Australian Journal of Anthropology, 11 (3), 199222.
Noer, Deliar. (1963). ‘The Rise and Development of the Modernist Muslim Movement in Indonesia during the Dutch Colonial Period (1900–1942)’, PhD Dissertation, Cornell University.
Nomani, Farhad and Behdad, Sohrab. (2006). Class and Labor in Iran: Did the Revolution Matter? Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Noor, Farish A. (2004). Islam Embedded: The Historical Development of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS (1951–2003), 2 vols. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Sociological Research Institute.
‘OKJ Harus Laksanakan Prinsip Good Governance’, Investor Daily Indonesia, 27 October 2011, www.investor.co.id/home/okj-harus-laksanakan-prinsip-good-governance/22998, accessed on 25 November 2013.
‘One Suspect Released in Oda TV Sase’, Hurriyet Daily News, 28 December 2012, www.hurriyetdailynews.com/one-suspect-released-in-oda-tv-case.aspx?pageID=238&nID=37839&NewsCatID=339, accessed on 14 February 2013.
Öniş, Ziya. (1997). ‘The Political Economy of Islamic Resurgence in Turkey: The Rise of the Welfare Party in Perspective’, Third World Quarterly, 18 (4), 743767.
Öniş, Ziya. (2012). ‘The Triumph of Conservative Globalism: The Political Economy of the AKP Era’, SSRN, 10 February, http://ssrn.com/abstract=2003026 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2003026, accessed on 5 April 2012.
Öniş, Ziya and Keyman, Emin Fuat. (2003). ‘A New Path Emerges’, Journal of Democracy, 14 (2), 95107.
Osman, Mohamed Nawab Mohamed. (2012). ‘The Future of Islamism in Indonesia: Neo- or post- Islamism?’, RSIS Commentaries, No. 124, Singapore.
Atsushi, Ota, Masaaki, Masaaki Okamoto and Suaedy, Ahmad. (2010). ‘Introduction’, in Atushi, Ota, Masaaki, Okamoto and Suaedy, Ahmad (eds.), Islam in Contention: Rethinking Islam and the State in Indonesia. Jakarta: Wahid Institute, CSEAS and CAPAS, pp. 112.
Ottaway, Marina and Choucair-Vizoso, Julia. (2008). Beyond the Fac̦ade: Political Reform in the Arab World. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Owen, Roger. (2004). State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East. London: Routledge.
Oxhorn, Philip. (1998). ‘The Social Foundations of Latin America’s Recurrent Populism: Problems of Popular Sector Class Formation and Collective Action’, Journal of Historical Sociology, 11 (2) (June), pp. 212246.
Panizza, Francisco (ed.). (2005). Populism and the Mirror of Democracy. London: Verso.
Pargeter, Alison. (2010). The Muslim Brotherhood: The Burden of Tradition. London: Saqi.
‘Parliament to Make Last-Ditch Charter Bid’, Hurriyet Daily News, 29 December 2012, www.hurriyetdailynews.com/parliament-to-make-last-ditch-charter-bid.aspx?pageID=238&nID=37916&NewsCatID=338, accessed on 16 June 2013.
Perguruan Thawalib Padang Panjang’, http://thawalibppanjang1911.blogspot.com/, accessed on 10 May 2014.
Permata, Ahmad Norma. (2008). ‘Islamist Party and Democratic Participation: Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) in Indonesia 1998–2006’, PhD dissertation, University of Münster.
Peters, Ralph. (2002). ‘Rolling Back Radical Islam’, Parameters: US Army War College Quarterly (Autumn), 416.
Platzdasch, Bernhard. (2009). Islamism in Indonesia: Politics in the Emerging Democracy. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Poeze, Harry A. (1999). Tan Malaka: Pergulatan Menuju Republik 1925–1945. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti.
Porter, Daniel. (2002). Managing Politics and Islam in Indonesia. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
Postel, Charles. (2007). The Populist Vision. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Posusney, Marsha Pripstein and Angrist, Michele Penner (eds.). (2005). Authoritarianism in The Middle East: Regimes And Resistance. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Pratt, Nicola Christine. (2007). Democracy and Authoritarianism in the Arab World, Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
Pringle, Robert. (2010). Understanding Islam in Indonesia: Politics and Diversity. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet.
Qutb, Sayyid. (2000). Social Justice in Islam. Teaneck, NJ: Islamic Publications International.
Qutb, Sayyid. (2007). Milestones. Chicago: Kazi Publications.
Rabasa, Angel. (2005). ‘Moderate and Radical Islam’, Testimony presented before the House Armed Services Committee Defense Review of Terrorism and Radical Islam Gap Panel, 3 November. Santa Monica: Rand Corporation.
Rabasa, Angel and Larrabee, Stephen F.. (2008). The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey. Santa Monica, CA: Rand.
Rachmani, Inaya. (2014). ‘The Commercialisation of Da’wah: Understanding Indonesian Sinetron and Their Understanding of Islam’, International Communication Gazette, 76 (4–5) (June–August), 340359.
Rahmat, Imdadun M. (2008). Ideologi Politik PKS: Dari Masjid Kampus ke Gedung Parlemen. Yogyakarta: LKIS.
Rahnema, Saeed. (2008). ‘Radical Islamism and Failed Developmentalism’, Third World Quarterly, 29 (3), 483496.
Raid, Hasan. (2001). Pergulatan Muslim Komunis: Otobiografi Hasan Raid. Yogyakarta: LKPSM Syarikat.
Raillon, Francois. (1994). ‘The New Order and Islam, or the Imbroglio of Faith and Politics’, Indonesia, 57, 197217.
Ramage, Douglas E. (1995). Politics in Indonesia: Democracy, Islam, and the Ideology of Tolerance. London: Routledge.
Ramakrishna, Kumar. (2009). Radical Pathways: Understanding Muslim Radicalization in Indonesia. New York: Praeger.
Ramakrishna, Kumar and Seng, Tan See. (eds.). (2003). After Bali: The Threat of Terrorism in Southeast Asia. Singapore: World Scientific.
Ramakrishna, Kumar and Seng, Tan See. (2004). ‘Interstate and Intrastate Dynamics in Southeast Asia’s War on Terror’, SAIS Review, 24 (1), 91105.
‘Ribuan Pejabat Daerah Terlibat Kasus Korupsi’, Tempo.co, 29 August 2013, www.tempo.co/read/news/2012/08/29/078426251/Ribuan-Pejabat-Daerah-Terlibat-Kasus-Korupsi, accessed on 23 November 2013.
Richards, Alan and Waterbury, John. (2007). A Political Economy of the Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Ricklefs, Merle C. (2012). Islamisation and Its Opponents in Java. Singapore: NUS Press.
Rieffel, Lex and Pramodhawardani, Jaleswari. (2007). Out of Business and On Budget: The Challenge of Military Financing in Indonesia. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Robinson, Kathryn. (2009). Gender, Islam and Democracy in Indonesia, London: Routledge.
Robison, Richard. (1986). Indonesia: The Rise of Capital. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
Robison, Richard. (2014). ‘Political Economy and the Explanation of the Islamic Politics in the Contemporary World’, in Teik, Khoo Boo, Hadiz, Vedi R. and Nakanishi, Yoshihiro (eds.), Between Dissent and Power: The Transformation of Islamic Politics in the Middle East and Asia. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1941.
Robison, Richard and Hadiz, Vedi R.. (1993). ‘Privatisation or the Reorganisation of Dirigism?: Indonesian Economic Policy in the 1990s’, Canadian Journal of Development Studies, Special Edition, pp. 1332
Robison, Richard and Hadiz, Vedi R.. (2004). Reorganising Power in Indonesia: The Politics of Oligarchy in an Age of Markets. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
Rodan, Garry, Hewison, Kevin and Robison, Richard (eds.). (2006). Political Economy of South-East Asia: Market, Power and Contestation, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rodinson, Maxime. (1966 [2007]). Islam and Capitalism. London: Saqi.
Roff, William R. (1967). The Origins of Malay Nationalism. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press.
Roff, William R. (2009). Studies on Islam and Society in Southeast Asia. Singapore: NUS Press.
Roosa, John. (2006). Pretext for Mass Murder: The September 30th Movement and Suharto’s Coup d’État in Indonesia. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press.
Roth, Dik. (2007). ‘Many Governors, No Province: The Struggle for a Province in the Luwu-Tana Toraja Area in South Sulawesi’, in Nordholt, Henk Schulte and van Klinken, Gerry (eds.), Renegotiating Boundaries: Local Politics in Post-Suharto Indonesia. Leiden: KITLV Press, pp. 121147.
Roy, Olivier. (1994). The Failure of Political Islam. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Roy, Olivier. (2004). Globalised Islam: The Search for a New Ummah. London: Hurst.
Roy, Olivier. (2009). ‘Neo-Fundamentalism’, Social Science Research Council/After Sept.11, http://essays.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/roy_text_only.htm, accessed on 2 October 2009.
Roy, Olivier. (2012). ‘Islam: the Democracy Dilemma’, in Wright, Robin (ed.), The Islamists are Coming: Who They Really Are. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, pp. 1320.
Rubin, Barry M. (2010). ‘Introduction’, in Rubin, Barry M. (ed.), The Muslim Brotherhood: The Organization and Policies of a Global Islamist Movement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 16.
Rudnyckyj, Daromir. (2010). Spiritual Economies: Islam, Globalization, and the Afterlife of Development. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, Stephens, Evelyne Huber and Stephens, John D. (eds.). (1992). Capitalist Development and Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Rutherford, Bruce K. (2008). Egypt after Mubarak: Liberalism, Islam, and Democracy in the Arab World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Rutland, Peter (2013). ‘Neoliberalism and the Russian Transition’, Review of International Political Economy, 20 (2), 322362.
Sadiki, Larbi. (2009). Rethinking Arab Democratization: Elections Without Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sahid, H.M. (2012). ‘Rekonstruksi Fiqh Jinayah Terhadap Perda Syariat Islam’, Islamica, 6 (2), Maret, 329343
Said, Edward. (2001). ‘The Clash of Ignorance’, The Nation, 22 October.
Saravanamuttu, Johan (ed.). (2010). Islam and Politics in Southeast Asia. London: Routledge.
Saul, John. (1969). ‘Africa’, in Ionescu, Ghiţa and Gellner, Ernest (eds.), Populism. Its Meanings and National. Characteristics. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, pp. 124127.
Sebuah Pengadilan untuk Imam IM’, Tempo, Edisi 45, 9 January 1982.
Shadid, Anthony. (1997). ‘Marxism Makes Way for Islam’, BIC News, 8 July.
Shehata, Samer. (2012). ‘Egypt: the Founders’, in Wright, Robin (ed.), The Islamists Are Coming: Who They Really Are. Washington, DC: The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, pp. 2130.
Shils, Edward. (1956). The Torment of Secrecy. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.
Shiraishi, Takashi. (1990). An Age in Motion: Popular Radicalism in Java, 1912–1926. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Sidel, John T. (2006). Riots, Pogroms, Jihad: Religious Violence in Indonesia. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Sidel, John T. (2007). The Islamist Threat in Southeast Asia: A Reassessment. Washington, DC: East-West Centre.
Silaen, Victor. (2007). ‘Tinjauan kritis atas perda-perda bermasalah’, Sociae Polites: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 5 (25), 1124.
Simpson, Bradley Robert. (2008). Economists with Guns: Authoritarian Development and US-Indonesian Relations, 1960–1968. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Singh, Bilveer. (2007). The Talibanization of Southeast Asia: Losing the War on Terror to Islamist Extremists. Westport: Praeger.
Sivan, Emmanuel. (2003). ‘Illusions of Change’, in Diamond, Larry, Plattner, Marc F. and Brumberg, Daniel (eds.), Islam and Democracy in the Middle East. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 1327.
Skocpol, Theda. (1982). ‘Rentier State and Shi’a Islam in the Iranian Revolution’, Theory and Society, 11 (3), 265283.
Soage, Ana Belén and Franganillo, Jorge Fuentelesaz. (2010). ‘The Muslim Brothers in Egypt’, in Rubin, Barry M. (ed.), The Muslim Brotherhood: The Organization and Policies of a Global Islamist Movement. New York: Palgrave McMillan, pp. 3956.
Soebardi, S. (1983). ‘Kartosuwiryo and the Darul Islam Rebellion in Indonesia’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 14 (1), 109133.
Soedarmanta, J.B. (2008). Pater Beek, SJ: Larut Tetapi Tidak Hanyut. Jakarta: Obor.
Solahudin, . (2011). NII Sampai JI : Salafy Jihadisme di Indonesia. Jakarta: Komunitas Bambu.
Soliman, Samer. (2011). The Autumn of Dictatorship: Fiscal Crisis and Political Change in Egypt under Mubarak. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Solomon, Jay. (2011). ‘In Indonesia, a Model for Egypt’s Transition’, Wall Street Journal, 12 February, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704329104576138490822239336.html, accessed on 19 January 2013.
Springer, Devin R., Regens, James L. and Edger, David N. (2009). Islamic Radicalism and Global Jihad. Georgetown: Georgetown University Press.
Stacher, Joshua. (2012). Adaptable Autocrats: Regime Power in Egypt and Syria. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Stark, Jan. (2004). ‘Contesting Models of Islamic Governance in Malaysia and Indonesia’, Global Change, Peace & Security, 16 (2), 115131.
Starrett, Gregory. (1998). Putting Islam to Work: Education, Politics and Religious Transformation in Egypt. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Stewart, Angus. (1969). ‘The Social Roots’, in Ionescu, Ghita and Gellner, Ernest (eds.), Populism: Its Meanings and National Characteristics. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, pp. 180196.
Sullivan, Dennis Joseph and Abed-Kotob, Sana (1999). Islam in Contemporary Egypt: Civil Society Vs. the State. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Sunar, Ilkay and Toprak, Binnaz (1983). ‘Islam in Politics: The Case of Turkey’, Government and Opposition, 18 (4), 421441.
Suratno, . (2011). ‘The Flowering of Islamic Thought: Liberal-Progressive Discourse and Activism in Contemporary Indonesia’, Irasec Discussion Papers no. 8, February.
Swift, Ann. (2010). The Road to Madiun: The Indonesian Communist Uprising of 1948. Singapore: Equinox Publishing.
Tadjoeddin, Mohammad Zulfan. (2014). ‘Decent Work: On the Quality of Employment in Indonesia’, Asian Journal of Social Science, 42 (1–2), 944.
Taggart, Paul. (2000). Populism. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Tagma, Halit Mustafa. (2011). ‘Model, Event, Context: Globalization, Arab Social Movements, and the Modeling of Global Order’, Globalizations, 8 (5), 623628.
Tamimi, Azzam S. (2001). Rachid Ghannouchi: A Democrat within Islamism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tan, Charlene. (2011). Islamic Education and Indoctrination: The Case in Indonesia. New York and Abingdon: Routledge.
Taspinar, Omar. (2012). ‘Turkey: the New Model?’, in Wright, Robin (ed.), The Islamists are Coming: Who They Really Are. Washington, DC: The Woodrow Wilson Center Press), pp. 127136
Tedjasukmana, Iskandar. (1957). The Political Character of the Indonesian Trade Union Movement. Ithaca: Cornell University, Southeast Asia Program.
Temby, Quinton. (2010). ‘Imagining an Islamic State in Indonesia: From Darul Islam to Jemaah Islamiyah’, Indonesia, 89, April, 136.
‘The Odatv and Ergenekon Cases’, Today’s Zaman Online, 29 January 2012, www.todayszaman.com/columnist-269929-the-odatv-and-ergenekon-cases.html, accessed on 14 February 2012.
Therborn, Goran. (1977). ‘The Rule of Capital and the Rise of Democracy’, New Left Review I/103, May–June, 341.
Tibi, Bassam. (2002). The Challenge of Fundamentalism: Political Islam and the New World Disorder. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Tifatul: Pornografi Rusak Lima Sel Otak’, Republika Online, 2 March 2014, www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/umum/14/03/02/n1rqiq-tifatul-pornografi-rusak-lima-sel-otak.
Tomsa, Dirk. (2012). ‘Moderating Islamism in Indonesia: Tracing Patterns of Party Change in the Prosperous Justice Party’, Political Research Quarterly, 65 (3), 486498.
Trager, Eric. (2013). ‘The Unbreakable Muslim Brotherhood: Grim Prospects for a Liberal Egypt’, Foreign Affairs, September/October Issue, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/68211/eric-trager/the-unbreakable-muslim-brotherhood, accessed on 31 December 2013.
Tripp, Charles. (2006). Islam and the Moral Economy: The Challenge of Capitalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tuğal, Cihan. (2009). Passive Revolution: Absorbing the Islamic Challenge to Capitalism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Tuğal, Cihan. (2012). ‘Fight or Acquisce? Religion and Political Process in Turkey’s and Egypt’s Neoliberalizations’, Development and Change, 43 (1), 2351.
Tuğal, Cihan. (2013). ‘Islam and the Retrenchment of Turkish Conservatism’, in Bayat, Asef (ed.), Post-Islamism: The Changing Faces of Political Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 109133.
Turam, Berna. (2007). Between Islam and the State: The Politics of Engagement. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
‘Turkey’s Military Has a Stake in 60 Companies’, The National, 19 October 2010, www.thenational.ae/news/world/Europe/turkey-military-has-a-stake-in-60-companies, accessed on 20 November 2010.
‘Turkey’s Religious Schools Being Used as Model to Fight Islamic Extremism’, Voice of America, 14 April 2010, www.voanews.com/english/news/europe/Turkeys-Religious-Schools-Being-Used-as-Model-to-Fight-Islamic-Extremism-90856834.html, accessed on 16 June 2011.
Turkish Business Chief Criticises Erdogan’, FT.com, 17 September 2012, www.ft.com/cms/s/0/42db534a-00e2-11e2-9dfc-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2HIGqY6Zf, accessed on 30 November 2012.
‘Turkish Court Considers AKP Ban’, OnIslam, 31 March 2008, www.onislam.net/english/news/europe/443777.html, accessed on 28 November 2013.
Türsan, Huri. (2004). Democratisation in Turkey: The Role of Political Parties. Brussels: Peter Lang.
Ufen, Andreas. (2011). ‘Political Islam and Democratization in Southeast Asia’, in Bünte, Marco and Croissant, Aurel (eds.), The Crisis of Democratic Governance in Southeast Asia. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 7592
Ul Haq, Fajar Riza. (2008). ‘Islam dan Gerakan Sosial: Studi Kasus Gerakan Jamaah Al Islam di Gumuk Surakarta’, Master’s Thesis, Gadjah Mada University.
Uslu, Emre. (2011). ‘Erbakan’s Contributions to Turkish Politics’, Today’s Zaman, 1 March, www.todayszaman.com/columnists/emre-uslu_236902-erbakans-contributions-to-turkish-politics.html, accessed on 16 June 2011.
Van Bruinessen, Martin. (1996). ‘Islamic State or State Islam? Fifty Years of State–Islam Relations in Indonesia’, in Wessel, Ingrid (ed.), Indonesien am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts. Hamburg: Abera-Verlag, pp. 1934.
Van Bruinessen, Martin. (2002). ‘Genealogies of Islamic Radicalism in Post-Suharto Indonesia’, South East Asia Research, 10 (2), 117154.
Vanderlippe, John M. (2005). The Politics of Turkish Democracy: Ismet Inonu and the Formation of the Multi-Party System 1938–1950. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Van Dijk, Cornelis. (1981). Rebellion under the Banner of Islam: The Darul Islam in Indonesia. The Hague: M. Nijhoff.
Van Klinken, Gerry. (2007). Communal Violence and Democratization in Indonesia: Small Town Wars. London: Routledge.
Vertigans, Stephen. (2009). Militant Islam: A Sociology of Characteristics, Causes and Consequences. London: Routledge.
‘Visi dan Misi’, pks.or.id, 28 May 2013, www.pks.or.id/content/visi-dan-misi, accessed on 31 July 2013.
Ward, Ken. (2008). ‘Indonesian Terrorism: From Jihad to Dakwah’, in Fealy, Greg and White, Sally (eds.), Expressing Islam: Religious Life and Politics in Indonesia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, pp. 211229.
Weber, Max. (1978). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Weyland, Kurt. (2003). ‘Neopopulism and Neoliberalism in Latin America: How Much Affinity?’, Third World Quarterly, 24, 10951115.
White, Jenny. (2002). Islamist Mobilization in Turkey: A Study in Vernacular Politics. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Wickham, Carrie Rosefsky. (2002). Mobilizing Islam: Religion, Activism, and Political Change in Egypt. New York: Columbia University Press.
Wictorowicz, Quintan (ed.). (2004). Islamic Activism: A Social Movement Theory Approach. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Wildan, Muhammad. (2013). ‘Mapping Radical Islam: A Study of the Proliferation of Radical Islam in Solo, Central Java’, in van Bruinessen, Martin (ed.), Contemporary Developments in Indonesian Islam: Explaining the Conservative Turn. Singapore: ISEAS, pp. 190223
Williams, Michael C. (2009). Sickle and Crescent: The Communist Revolt of 1926 in Banten. Singapore: Equinox Publishing.
Wilson, Ian Douglas. (2008). ‘As Long as It’s Halal: Islamic Preman in Jakarta’, in Fealy, Greg and White, Sally (eds.), Expressing Islam: Religious Life and Politics in Indonesia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, pp. 192211.
Winters, Jeffrey A. (1995). Power in Motion: Capital Mobility and the Indonesian State. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Winters, Jeffrey A. (2013). ‘Oligarchy and Democracy in Indonesia’, Indonesia 96, 1133.
Wittes, Tamara Cofman. (2008). Freedom’s Unsteady March: America’s Role in Building Arab Democracy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Witular, Rendy A. and Widhiarto, Hasyim. (2010). ‘Next in Line: Potential Leaders of Underground Jihadist Movement’, The Jakarta Post, Special Report, 11 August, www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/08/11/next-line-potential-leaders-underground-jihadist-movement.html, accessed on 11 August 2011.
World Bank. (1991). ‘Managing Development: The Governance Dimension, A Discussion Paper’. Washington DC: The World Bank.
World Bank. (2001). ‘World Development Report 2002: Building Institutions for Markets’. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Yavuz, M. Hakan. (2006). ‘Introduction: The Role of the New Bourgeoisie in the Transformation of the Turkish Islamic Movement’, in Yavuz, M. Hakan (ed.), The Emergence of a New Turkey: Democracy and the AK Parti. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, pp. 119.
Yavuz, M. Hakan. (2009). Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Yavuz, M. Hakan and Esposito, John L. (eds.). (2003). Turkish Islam and the Secular State: The Gülen Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Yegen, Mesut. (2011). ‘The Kurdish Question in Turkey: Denial to Recognition’, in Casier, Marlies and Jongerden, Joost (eds.), Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey: Political Islam, Kemalism and the Kurdish Issue. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 6784.
Yilmaz, Hakan. (2008). In Search of a Turkish Middle Class: Economic Occupations, Political Orientations, Social Life-Styles, Moral Values. Istanbul: Bogazici University.
Young, Kenneth. (1994). ‘A New Political Context: The Urbanization of the Rural’, in Bourchier, David and Legge, John (eds.), Democracy in Indonesia, 1950s and 1990s. Clayton, VIC: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University.
Zed, Mestika. (2004). Pemberontakan Komunis Silungkang 1927: Studi Gerakan Sosial Di Sumatera Barat. Yogyakarta: Syarikat Indonesia.
Zeghal, Malika. (2008). Islamism in Morocco: Religion, Authoritarianism, and Electoral Politics. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers.
Zemni, Sami. (2013) ‘From Socio-Economic Protest to National Revolt: The Labor Origins of the Tunisian Revolution’, in Gana, Nouri (ed.), The Making of The Tunisian Revolution: Contexts, Architects, Prospects. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 127146.
Zubaida, Sami. (2000). ’Trajectories of Political Islam: Egypt, Iran and Turkey’, The Political Quarterly, 71, (Supplement s1), August, 6078.
Zubaida, Sami. (2009). ‘Political Modernity’, in Masud, Muhammad Khalid, Salvatore, Armando and van Bruinessen, Martin (eds.), Islam and Modernity: Key Issues and Debates. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 5790.
Zubaida, Sami. (2011). Beyond Islam: A New Understanding of the Middle East. London: I.B. Tauris.