Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 51
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
December 2010
Print publication year:
2010
Online ISBN:
9780511760501

Book description

In the last five hundred years or so, the English language has undergone remarkable geographical expansion, bringing it into contact with other languages in new locations. It also caused different regional dialects of the language to come into contact with each other in colonial situations. This book is made up of a number of fascinating tales of historical-sociolinguistic detection. These are stories of origins - of a particular variety of English or linguistic feature - which together tell a compelling general story. In each case, Trudgill presents an intriguing puzzle, locates and examines the evidence, detects clues that unravel the mystery, and finally proposes a solution. The solutions are all original, often surprising, sometimes highly controversial. Providing a unique insight into how language contact shapes varieties of English, this entertaining yet rigorous account will be welcomed by students and researchers in linguistics, sociolinguistics and historical linguistics.

Reviews

‘Trudgill has done it again, producing a provocative and interesting book on a subject on which he is a recognized authority. This work will be read with interest by all concerned with language contact, language change, and the history of English.’

Brian D. Joseph - Ohio State University

'Investigations in Sociohistorical Linguistics creates a brilliant new paradigm for research in linguistics. Just as the name suggests, the book bridges the heretofore vast divide between sociolinguistic and historical linguistic approaches to language and language change, encapsulating the difference between 'macro-diachronic linguistics' and 'micro-diachronic linguistics'. [Trudgill] skilfully navigates the formal and the informal, incorporating aspects of popular history with detailed insights on all levels of linguistic structure, making this a delightful read.'

Source: Language

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

Bibliography
Ahlqvist, Anders. 2010. Early Celtic and English. Australian Celtic Journal 9: 41–71.
Aitken, Adam J. 1984. Scottish accents and dialects. In Trudgill, P. (ed.), Language in the British Isles, 94–114. Cambridge University Press.
Algeo, J. 1995. Having a look at the expanded predicate. In Aarts, B. and Meyer, C. F. (eds.), The verb in contemporary English, 203–17. Cambridge University Press.
Anderson, Stephen R. and Lightfoot, David. 2002. The language organ: linguistics as cognitive psychology. Cambridge University Press.
Andersson, Lars-Gunnar. 2005. What makes a language hard? In Kiselman, C. (ed.), Symposium on communication across cultural boundaries, 40–8. Prague: Kava-Pech.
Anttila, Raimo. 1989. Historical and comparative linguistics. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Auwera, Johan and Genee, Inge. 2002. English do: on the convergence of languages and linguists. English Language and Linguistics 6: 283–307.
Ayres, H. M. 1933. Bermudian English. American Speech 8.1: 6–10.
Bailey, Beryl. 1965. Toward a new perspective in Negro English dialectology. American Speech 40: 171–7.
Bailey, Charles J. and Maroldt, Karl. 1977. The French lineage of English. In Meisel, J. (ed.), Langues en contact – pidgins – creoles, 21–53. Tübingen: Narr.
Bailey, Guy, Maynor, Natalie and Cukor-Avila, Patricia. 1989. Variation in subject-verb concord in Early Modern English. Language Variation and Change 1: 285–300.
Bailey, Richard W. 1982. The English language in Canada. In Bailey, R. W. and Görlach, M. (eds.), English as a world language. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Bailey, Richard W. 1996. Nineteenth century English. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Bakker, Peter. 2003. Pidgin inflectional morphology and its implications for creole morphology. In Plag, I. (ed.), Yearbook of morphology 2002, 3–33. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Bakker, Peter and Mous, Maarten (eds.). 1994. Mixed languages. 15 case studies in language intertwining. Amsterdam/Dordrecht: IFOTT/Foris.
Barber, C. 1997. Early modern English. Edinburgh University Press.
Bartlett, Christopher. 2003. The Southland variety of English. Ph.D thesis, Otago University.
Battistella, Edwin. 1990. Markedness: the evaluative superstructure of language. Albany: SUNY Press.
Bauer, Laurie. 1997. Attempting to trace Scottish influence on New Zealand English. In Schneider, W. W. (ed.), Englishes around the world: studies in honour of Manfred Görlach, 257–72. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Bauer, Laurie. 2000. The dialectal origins of New Zealand English. In Bell, A. and Kuiper, K. (eds.), New Zealand English, 40–52. Wellington: Victoria University Press.
Baugh, Albert C. and Cable, Thomas. 1993. A history of the English language. London: Routledge.
Beal, Joan. 1999. English pronunciation in the eighteenth century: Thomas Spence's ‘Grand repository of the English language’. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Bell, Allan. 1997. The phonetics of fish and chips in New Zealand: marking national and ethnic identities. English World-Wide 18: 243–70.
Benham, Charles. 1960 [1895]. Essex ballads. Colchester: Benham Newspapers.
Bernieri, Frank and Rosenthal, Robert. 1991. Interpersonal coordination: behavior matching and interactional synchrony. In Feldman, R. and Rime, B. (eds.), Fundamentals of nonverbal behavior: studies in emotion and social interaction, 401–32. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Berthele, Raphael. 2000. Sprache in der Klasse: eine dialektologisch–soziolinguistische Untersuchung von Primarschulkindern in multilingualem Umfeld. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Bhaldraithe, Tomas. 1945. The Irish of Cois Fhairrge, Co. Galway: a phonetic study. Dublin: Institute for Advanced Studies.
Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S. and Finegan, E.. 1999. Longman grammar of spoken and written English. Harlow: Pearson.
Bloomfield, Leonard. 1933. Language. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Bradley, H. 1904. The making of English. London: Macmillan.
Branford, William. 1994. English in South Africa. In Burchfield, Robert (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English language vol. 5: English in Britain and overseas – origins and development, 182–429. Cambridge University Press.
Braunmüller, Kurt. 1997. Communication strategies in the area of the Hanseatic league: the approach by semi-communication. Multilingua 16: 365–74.
Breeze, Andrew. 2002. Seven types of Celtic loanword. In Filppula, M., Klemola, J. and Pitkänen, H. (eds.), The Celtic roots of English, 175–81. Joensuu University Press.
Brinton, Laurel and Akimoto, Minoji (eds.). 1999. Collocational and idiomatic aspects of composite predicates in the history of English. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Britain, David. 1991. Dialect and space: a geolinguistic study of speech variables in the Fens. Ph.D thesis, University of Essex.
Brook, G. L. 1958. A history of the English language. London: Deutsch.
Burgoon, Judee, Stern, Lesa and Dillman, Leesa. 1995. Interpersonal adaptation: dyadic interaction patterns. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Burling, Robbins. 1973. English in black and white. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Burns, Sir A. 1954. History of the British West Indies. London: George Allen and Unwin.
Campbell, Lyle. 1997. Amerindian personal pronouns: a second opinion. Language 73: 339–51.
Cappella, Joseph. 1981. Mutual influence in expressive behavior: adult–adult and infant–adult dyadic interaction. Psychological Bulletin 89: 101–32.
Cappella, Joseph. 1996. Dynamic coordination of vocal and kinesic behavior in dyadic interaction: methods, problems, and interpersonal outcomes. In Watt, J. and VanLear, C. (eds.), Dynamic patterns in communication processes, 353–86. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Cappella, Joseph. 1997. The development of theory about automated patterns of face-to-face human interaction. In Philipsen, G. and Albrecht, T. (eds.), Developing communication theories, SUNY series in human communication processes, 57–83. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Carpenter, David. 2004. The struggle for mastery: the Penguin history of Britain 1066–1284. London: Penguin.
Chambers, J. K. 1991. Canada. In Cheshire, Jenny (ed.), English Around the World: Sociolinguistic Perspectives, 89–107. Cambridge University Press.
Chambers, J. K. 1992. Dialect acquisition. Language 68, 673–705.
Christaller, Walter. 1950. Das Grundgerüst der räumlichen Ordnung in Europa: die Systeme der europäischen zentralen Orte. Frankfurt: Kramer.
Clackson, James and Horrocks, Geoffrey. 2007. The Blackwell history of the Latin language. Oxford: Blackwell.
Clahsen, Harald and Muysken, P.. 1996. How adult second language learning differs from child first language development. Behavioural and Brain Sciences 19: 721–3.
Claridge, Claudia. 2000. Multi-word verbs in Early Modern English: a corpus-based study. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Clark, Ross. 1976. Aspects of Polynesian syntax. Auckland: Linguistic Society of New Zealand.
Clements, G. N. 2000. Phonology. In Heine, B. and Nurse, D. (eds.), African languages: an introduction, 123–60. Cambridge University Press.
Coates, Richard. 2007. Invisible Britons: the view from linguistics. In Higham, N. (ed.), The Britons in Anglo-Saxon England, 172–91. Woodbridge: Boydell.
Coates, Richard and Coupland, Nikolas. 1991. Contexts of accommodation: developments in applied sociolinguistics. Cambridge University Press.
Dahl, Östen. 2004. The growth and maintenance of linguistic complexity. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Davidson, Allan. 1991. Christianity in Aotearoa: a history of church and society in New Zealand. Wellington: Education for Ministry.
Davis, Norman, Beadle, Richard and Richmond, Colin (eds.). 2004–5. Paston letters and papers of the fifteenth century, 3 vols. (Early English Text Society, supplementary series 20–22). Oxford University Press.
Denison, D. 1993. English historical syntax. London: Longman.
Dietrich, G. 1949. Die Syntax der ‘Do’-Umschreibung bei ‘have’, ‘be’, ‘ought’ und ‘used (to)’, auf sprachgeschichtlicher Grundlage dargestellt. Brunswick: Georg Westermann Verlag.
Dillard, Joey. 1970. Principles in the history of American English: paradox, virginity and cafeteria. Florida Reporter 8.1–2: 32–3.
Dixon, R. M. W. 1997. The rise and fall of languages. Cambridge University Press.
Dollinger, Stefan. 2008. New-dialect formation in Canada: evidence from the English modal auxiliaries. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Edwards, V. K. 1979. The West Indian language issue in British schools. London: Routledge.
Ehrhart-Kneher, Sabine. 1996. Palmerston English. In Wurm, S. A., Mühlhäusler, P. and Tryon, D. T. (eds.), Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas, 523–31. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Ekwall, Eilert. 1960. The concise Oxford dictionary of place-names, 4th edn. Oxford University Press.
Elbert, Samuel H. and Pukui, Mary Kawena. 1979. Hawaiian Grammar. Honolulu: University of Hawai`i Press.
Ellegård, A. 1953. The auxiliary DO: the establishment and regulation of its use in English. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.
Ellis, Alexander. 1889. On Early English pronunciation, vol. V. London: Trübner.
Emeneau, M. B. 1975. The dialect of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. In Chambers, J. K. (ed.), Canadian English: origins and structures, 34–9. Toronto: Methuen.
Eubank, Lynn. 1996. Negation in early German–English interlanguage: more valueless features in the L2 initial state. Second Language Research 12: 73–106.
Evans, D. Simon. 1964. A Grammar of Middle Welsh. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.
Fasold, Ralph. 1972. Tense marking in Black English: a linguistic and social analysis. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Ferguson, Charles A. 1959. Diglossia. Word 15: 325–40.
Ferguson, Charles A. 1971. Absence of copula and the notion of simplicity: a study of normal speech, baby talk, foreigner talk, and pidgins. In Hymes, D. (ed.), Pidginisation and creolisation of languages, 141–50. Cambridge University Press.
Filppula, Markku. 2003. More on the English progressive and the Celtic connection. In Tristram, H. (ed.), The Celtic Englishes III, 150–68. Heidelberg: Winter.
Fisiak, Jacek. 1968. A short grammar of Middle English. Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Flint, E. H. 1964. The language of Norfolk Island. In Ross, A. and Moverley, A. (eds.), The Pitcairnese Language. London: Andre Deutsch.
Forby, Robert. 1830. The vocabulary of East Anglia. London: Nichols.
Fox, Cyril. 1932. The personality of Britain: its influence on inhabitant and invader in prehistoric and early historic times. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.
Frick, Franz N. 1899. Die Araner Mundart: ein Beitrag zur Erforschung des Westirischen. Marburg: Elwert.
Garrett, A. 1998. On the origin of auxiliary do. English Language and Linguistics 2.2: 283–99.
Gelling, Margaret. 1993. Place-names in the landscape: the geographical roots of Britain's place-names. London: Dent.
Giles, Howard. 1973. Accent mobility: a model and some data. Anthropological Linguistics 15: 87–105.
Giles, Howard, Justine Coupland, and Coupland, Nikolas. 1991. Contexts of accommodation: developments in applied sociolinguistics. Cambridge University Press.
Gimson, A. C. 1962. An introduction to the pronunciation of English. London: Edward Arnold.
Glauser, Beat. 1994. Dialect maps: depicting, constructing or distorting linguistic reality. In Melchers, G. and Johannesson, N.-L. (eds.), Nonstandard varieties of language, 35–52. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.
Gordon, Elizabeth. 1983. New Zealand English pronunciation: an investigation into some early written records. Te Reo 26: 29–42.
Gordon, Elizabeth. 1998. The origins of New Zealand Speech: the limits of recovering historical information from written records. English World-Wide 19: 61–85.
Gordon, Elizabeth, Campbell, Lyle, Hay, Jennifer, Maclagan, Margaret, Sudbury, Andrea and Trudgill, Peter. 2004. The origins of New Zealand English. Cambridge University Press.
Görlach, Manfred. 1986. Middle English – a creole? In Kastovsky, D. and Szwedek, A. (eds.), Linguistics across historical and geographical boundaries, 329–44. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Görlach, Manfred. 1987. Colonial lag? The alleged conservative character of American English and other ‘colonial’ varieties. English World-Wide 8: 41–60.
Grant, William. 1913. The pronunciation of English in Scotland. Cambridge University Press.
Grant, William and Dixon, James M.. 1921. Manual of Modern Scots. Cambridge University Press.
Green, Barbara and Young, Rachel. 1964. Norwich: the growth of a city. Norwich: Museums Committee.
Hale, Mark. 2007. Historical linguistics: theory and method. Oxford: Blackwell.
Härke, Heinrich. 2002. Kings and warriors: population and landscape from post-Roman to Norman Britain. In Slack, P. and Ward, R. (eds.), The peopling of Britain: the shaping of a human landscape, 145–75. Oxford University Press.
Hartog, J. 1988. History of Saba. Saba: O.K.S.N.A.
Haugen, Einar. 1966. Semicommunication: the language gap in Scandinavia. Sociological Inquiry 36: 280–97.
Hawkins, John A. 2004. Efficiency and complexity in grammars. Oxford University Press.
Heine, Bernd and Kuteva, Tania. 2005. Language contact and grammatical change. Cambridge University Press.
Henson, Don. 2006. The origins of the Anglo-Saxons. Hockwold: Anglo-Saxon Books.
Hickey, Raymond. 2003. How do dialects get the features they have? In Motives for language change, 213–39. Cambridge University Press.
Hiltunen, R. 1999. Verbal phrases and phrasal verbs in Early Modern English. In Brinton, L. J. and Akimoto, M. (eds.), Collocational and idiomatic aspects of composite predicates in the history of English, 33–165. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Hogg, Richard. 1993. A grammar of Old English I: Phonology. Oxford: Blackwell.
Hogg, Richard and Denison, David. 2006. A history of the English language. Cambridge University Press.
Holm, John. 1980. African features in White Bahamian English. English World-Wide 1: 45–66.
Holm, John and Shilling, Alison. 1982. Dictionary of Bahamian English. Cold Spring NY: Lexik House.
Holman, Katherine. 2007. The northern conquest: Vikings in Britain and Ireland. Oxford: Signal Books.
Holmes, Janet. 1997. Setting new standards: sound changes and gender in New Zealand English. English World-Wide 18.1: 107–42.
Holmqvist, Erik. 1922. On the history of English present inflections. Heidelberg: Winter.
Hudson, R. 1997. The rise of auxiliary DO: verb-non-raising or category-strengthening?Transactions of the Philological Society 95: 41–72.
Hughes, Arthur and Trudgill, Peter. 1995. English accents and dialects, 3rd edn. London: Edward Arnold.
Hughey, Ruth (ed.). 1941. The correspondence of Lady Katherine Paston, 1603–1627. Norwich: Norfolk Record Society.
Hyltenstam, Kenneth. 1992. Non-native features of near-native speakers: on the ultimate attainment of childhood L2 learners. In Harris, R. J. (ed.), Cognitive processing in bilinguals, 351–68. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Jackson, Kenneth H. 1953. Language and history in early Britain. Edinburgh University Press.
Johnson, Jacqueline and Newport, Elissa. 1989. Critical period effects in second language learning: the influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language. Cognitive Psychology 21: 60–99.
Johnson, W. 1989. Saban lore: tales from my grandmother's pipe, 3rd edn. Saba: Lynne Johnson.
Johnston, Paul. 1997a. Old Scots phonology and its regional variation. In Jones, C. (ed.), The Edinburgh history of the Scots language, 46–111. Edinburgh University Press.
Johnston, Paul. 1997b. Regional variation. In Jones, C. (ed.), The Edinburgh history of the Scots language, 433–513. Edinburgh University Press.
Källgård, Anders. 1993. Present-day Pitcairnese. English World-Wide 14: 71–114.
Kastovsky, Dieter. 1999. Inflectional classes, morphological restructuring, and the dissolution of Old English grammatical gender. In Unterbeck, Barbara and Rissanen, Matti (eds.), Gender in grammar and cognition. Vol. II, 709–27. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Kazazis, Kostas. 1970. The relative importance of parents and peers in first-language acquisition: the case of some Constantinopolitan families in Athens. General Linguistics 10: 111–20.
Keller, Rudi. 1994. On language change: the invisible hand in language. London: Routledge.
Kerswill, Paul. 1994. Babel in Buckinghamshire? Pre-school children acquiring accent features in the new town of Milton Keynes. In Melchers, G. and Johannesson, N.-L. (eds.), Nonstandard varieties of language, 64–83. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.
Kett, John. no date. Tha's a rum'un, bor!Woodbridge: Baron.
Ketton-Cremer, R. W. 1957. Norfolk Assembly. London: Faber.
Kirwin, William. 2001. Newfoundland English. In Algeo, J. (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English language vol. 6: English in North America, 441–5. Cambridge University Press.
Klemola, Juhani. 2000. The origins of the Northern Subject Rule: a case of early contact? In Tristram, Hildegard L. C. (ed.), Celtic Englishes II, 329–46. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter.
Kohlman, Aarona Booker. no date. Wotcha say: an introduction to colloquial Caymanian. Grand Cayman: Cayman ARTventures.
Kökeritz, Helge. 1953. Shakespeare's pronunciation. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Kroch, A., Taylor, A. and Ringe, D.. 2000. The Middle English verb-second constraint: a case study in language contact and language change. In Herring, Susan, Reenen, Pieter and Schoesler, Lene (eds.), Textual parameters in older language, 353–91. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Kurath, Hans. 1928. American pronunciation. Oxford: Clarendon.
Kurath, Hans and Lowman, Guy. 1970. The dialect structure of southern England: phonological evidence. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
Kurath, Hans and McDavid, Raven I.. 1961. The pronunciation of English in the Atlantic States. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Kurath, Hans, Hansen, Marcus L., Bloch, Julia and Bloch, Bernard. 1939–43. Handbook of the linguistic geography of New England. Providence: Brown University.
Kusters, Wouter. 2003. Linguistic complexity: the influence of social change on verbal inflection. Leiden University Press.
Kytö, Merja. 1993. Third-person singular inflection in early British and American English. Language Variation and Change 5: 113–40.
Labov, William. 1963. The social motivation of a sound change. Word 19: 273–309.
Labov, William. 1966. The social stratification of English in New York City. Washington: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Labov, William. 1972. Sociolinguistic patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Labov, William. 1994. Principles of linguistic change, vol. 1: internal factors. Oxford: Blackwell.
Labov, William. 2001. Principles of linguistic change, vol. 2: social factors. Oxford: Blackwell.
Labov, William. 2007. Transmission and diffusion. Language 81, 344–87.
Ladefoged, Peter. 1968. A phonetic study of West African languages. Cambridge University Press.
Laing, Lloyd and Laing, Jennifer. 1979. Anglo-Saxon England. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Laker, Stephen. 2002. An explanation for the changes kw-, hw-, xw- in the English dialects. In Filppula, M., Klemola, J. and Pitkänen, H. (eds.), The Celtic roots of English, 183–98. Joensuu University Press.
Laker, Stephen. 2008. Changing views about Anglo-Saxons and Britons. In Aertsen, H. and Veldhoen, B. (eds.), Six papers from the 28th Symposium on Medieval Studies, 1–38. Leiden University Press.
Laker, Stephen. 2009. Motivations for early phonological change in English: the Brittonic contribution. Ph.D thesis, University of Leiden.
LaPolla, Randy. 2005. Typology and complexity. In Minett, J. W. and Wang, W. S.-Y. (eds.), Language acquisition, change and emergence: essays in evolutionary linguistics, 465–93. Hong Kong: City University Press.
Lass, Roger. 1992. Phonology and morphology. In Blake, N. (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English language vol. II: 1066–1476, 23–155. Cambridge University Press.
Lass, Roger. 1997. Historical linguistics and language change. Cambridge University Press.
Laver, John. 1994. Principles of phonetics. Cambridge University Press.
Law, Danny. 2009. Pronominal borrowing among the Maya. Diachronica, 26.2: 214–52.
Lenneberg, Eric. 1967. Biological foundations of language. New York: Wiley.
Page, Robert B. and Tabouret-Keller, Andree. 1985. Acts of identity: creole-based approaches to language and ethnicity. Cambridge University Press.
Lightfoot, David. 1999. The development of language: acquisition, change, and evolution. Oxford: Blackwell.
Long, Daniel (ed.). 1998. The linguistic culture of the Ogasawara Islands (Japanese Language Centre Research Reports 6). Osaka: Shoin Women's College.
Long, Daniel (ed.). 1999. Evidence of an English contact language in the 19th century Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands. English World-Wide 20.2: 251–86.
Long, Daniel (ed.). 2000. Examining the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands within the contexts of Pacific language contact. In Fischer, S. and Sperlich, W. B. (eds.), Leo Pasifika: proceedings of the fourth international conference on Oceanic Linguistics, 200–17. Auckland: Institute of Polynesian Languages and Literatures.
Long, Daniel (ed.). 2001. Insights into the vanishing language and culture of the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands: Mr. Charles Washington's 1971 interviews. In Sanada, S. (ed.), Endangered languages of Japan, 4685. Kyoto: Endangered Languages of the Pacific Rim Publications Series A4–001.
Long, Daniel (ed.). 2002. The disappearing English language and culture of the “Westerners” of the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands. Kyoto: Endangered Languages of the Pacific Rim Publications Series A4–015.
Long, Daniel (ed.). 2007. English on the Bonin Islands. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Lutz, Angelika. 2009. Why is West-Saxon English different from Old Saxon? In Sauer, H. and Story, J. (eds.), Anglo-Saxon and the Continent. Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies.
Macaulay, Ronald. 2002. I'm off to Philadelphia in the morning. American Speech 77: 227–41.
Maclagan, David. 1998. /h/-dropping in early New Zealand English. New Zealand English Journal 12: 34–42.
Maclagan, Margaret A. and Gordon, Elizabeth. 1996. Out of the air and into the ear: another view of the New Zealand diphthong merger. Language Variation and Change 8: 125–47.
Maclagan, Margaret A., Elizabeth Gordon and Lewis, Gillian. 1999. Women and sound change: conservative and innovative behaviour by the same speakers. Language Variation and Change 11: 19–41.
MacMahon, Michael. 1983. Thomas Hallam and the study of dialect and educated speech. Transactions of the Yorkshire Dialect Society 83: 119–31.
MacMahon, Michael. 1994. Phonology. In Romaine, Suzanne (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English language vol. 4: 1776–1997, 373–535. Cambridge University Press.
Maddieson, Ian. 1984. Patterns of sounds. Cambridge University Press.
Marckwardt, Albert. 1958. American English. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mather, J. Y. and Speitel, H. H. (eds.). 1975. The linguistic atlas of Scotland. London: Croom Helm.
Matsumoto, M. 1999. Composite predicates in Middie English. In Brinton, L. J. and Akimoto, M. (eds.), Collocational and idiomatic aspects of composite predicates in the history of English, 59–96. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Matthews, W. 1972. Cockney past and present. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
McClure, J. Derrick. 1994. English in Scotland. In Burchfield, Robert (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English Language vol. 5: English in Britain and overseas: origins and development, 23–93. Cambridge University Press.
McDavid, Raven I. and McDavid, Virginia. 1951. The relationship of the speech of American Negroes to the speech of whites. American Speech 26: 3–17.
McElhinny, Bonnie. 1993. Copula and auxiliary contraction in the speech of White Americans. American Speech 68: 371–99.
McKinnon, Malcolm (ed.). 1997. New Zealand historical atlas. Auckland: Bateman.
McWhorter, John. 2007. Language interrupted. Oxford University Press.
Mees, Inger. 1977. Language and social class in Cardiff. Ph.D thesis, University of Leiden.
Meisel, Jürgen. 1997. The acquisition of the syntax of negation in French and German: contrasting first and second language development. Second Language Research 13: 227–63.
Milroy, James. 1992. Middle English dialectology. In Blake, N. (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English language vol. 2: 1066–1476. Cambridge University Press, 156–206.
Milroy, James and Milroy, Lesley. 1985. Linguistic change, social network and speaker innovation. Journal of Linguistics 21: 339–84
Milroy, Lesley. 2000. Social network analysis and the history of English. European Journal of English Studies 4.3: 211–16.
Mithun, Marianne. 1999. The languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press.
Mithun, Marianne. 2007. Grammar, contact and time. Journal of Language Contact – Thema 1: 133–55. www.jlc-journal.org.
Mittendorf, Ingo and Poppe, Erich. 2000. Celtic contacts of the English progressive? In Tristram, Hildegard (ed.), Celtic Englishes II, 117–45. Heidelberg: Winter.
Moens, William. 1888. The Walloons and their church at Norwich 1565–1832. London: Huguenot Society.
Montgomery, Michael, Fuller, Janet and DeMarse, Sharon. 1993. ‘The black men has wives and Sweet harts [and third-person plural -s] Jest like the white men’: evidence for verbal -s from written documents on 19th-century African American speech. Language Variation and Change 5: 335–57.
Moore, Bruce. 1999. Australian English: Australian identity. Lingua Franca. www.abc.net.au/rn/arts/ling/stories/s68786.htm.
Morgan, Kenneth O. 2001. The Oxford history of Britain. Oxford University Press.
Mufwene, Salikoko. 1991. Pidgins, creoles, typology, and markedness. In Byrne, F. and Huebner, T. (eds.), Development and structures of creole languages: essays in honour of Derek Bickerton, 123–43. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Mufwene, Salikoko. 2001. The ecology of language evolution. Cambridge University Press.
Mühlhäusler, Peter. 1977. Pidginisation and simplification of language. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
Murray, R. W. 1996. Historical linguistics. In O'Grady, W., Dobrovolsky, M. and Katamba, F. (eds.), Contemporary linguistics: an introduction, chapter 8. London: Longman.
Newbrook, Mark. 1982. Scot or Scouser? An anomalous informant in outer Merseyside. English World-Wide 3: 77–86.
Nichols, Johanna. 1992. Linguistic diversity in space and time. Chicago University Press.
Nichols, Johanna. 2007. Review of Ö. Dahl (2004)The growth and maintenance of linguistic complexity. Diachronica 24, 171–8.
Nichols, Johanna and Peterson, David A.. 1996. The Amerind personal pronouns. Language 72.2: 336–71.
Nickel, Gerhard. 1966. Die Expanded Form in Altenglischen. Neumünster: Wachholtz.
Nielsen, Hans Frede. 1998. The continental backgrounds of English and its insular development until 1154. Odense University Press.
Nurmi, A. 1999. A social history of periphrastic DO. (Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki 56.) Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.
O Dochartaigh, Cathair. 1984. Irish. In Trudgill, P. (ed.), Language in the British Isles, 289–305. Cambridge University Press.
Ogura, M. 1994. The development of periphrastic DO in English. Diachronica 10.1: 51–85.
Paddock, Harold. 1982. Newfoundland dialects of English. In Paddock, H. (ed.), Languages in Newfoundland and Labrador, 71–89. St John's: Memorial University.
Parsons, James. 1954. English-speaking settlement of the Western Caribbean. Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers 16: 2–16.
Payne, Arvilla. 1980. Factors controlling the acquisition of the Philadelphia dialect by out-of-state children. In Labov, W. (ed.), Locating language in time and space. New York: Academic Press.
Pelech, William. 2002. Charting the interpersonal underworld: the application of cluster analysis to the study of interpersonal coordination in small groups. Currents: New Scholarship in the Human Services 1.1: 1–12.
Pelteret, David. 1995. Slavery in Early Mediaeval England. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
Pettersson, Sofia. 1994. A study of Dutch and Low German elements in the East Midland and East Anglian dialects. Unpublished paper, Stockholm University.
Pinker, Steven. 1994. The language instinct. London: Penguin Books.
Poplack, Shana (ed.). 2000. The English history of African American English. Oxford: Blackwell.
Poplack, Shana and Tagliamonte, Sali. 1989. There's no tense like the present: verbal -s inflection in early Black English. Language Variation and Change 1: 47–84.
Poussa, Patricia. 1982. The evolution of Early Standard English: the creolisation hypothesis. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 14: 69–85.
Quirk, Randolph, Greenbaum, Sydney, Leech, Geoffrey and Svartvik, Jan. 1985. A comprehensive grammar of the English language. London: Longman.
Rickwood, Douglas. 1984. The Norwich Strangers, 1565–1643: a problem of control. Proceedings of the Huguenot Society 24: 119–28.
Roach, Peter. 1983. English phonetics and phonology. Cambridge University Press.
Romaine, Suzanne. 1978. Postvocalic /r/ in Scottish English: sound change in progress? In Trudgill, P. (ed.), Sociolinguistic patterns in British English. London: Edward Arnold.
Romaine, Suzanne. 2001. Contact with other languages. In Algeo, John (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English language vol. 6: English in North America, 154–83. Cambridge University Press.
Ross, Alan S. C. and Moverley, A.. 1964. The Pitcairnese language. London: Deutsch.
Sapir, Edward. 1921. Language. New York: Harcourt Brace.
Schneider, Edgar. 1983. The origin of verbal – s in Black English. American Speech 58: 99–113.
Schneider, Edgar. 2003. The dynamics of New Englishes: from identity construction to dialect birth. Language 79.2: 233–81.
Schreier, Daniel. 2003. Isolation and language change: contemporary and sociohistorical evidence from Tristan da Cunha English. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Schreier, Daniel. 2008. St Helenian English: origins, evolution and variation. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins.
Schreier, Daniel, Sudbury, Andrea and Wilson, Sheila. 2006. English in the South Atlantic. In Ammon, U., Dittmar, N., Mattheier, K. and Trudgill, P. (eds.), Sociolinguistics/Soziolinguistik, 2131–7. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Schreier, Daniel, Trudgill, Peter, Schneider, Edgar and Williams, Jeffrey P. (eds.). 2010. Lesser-known Englishes. Cambridge University Press.
Schrijver, Peter. 1999. The Celtic contribution to the development of the early North Sea Germanic vowel system, with special reference to coastal Dutch. NOWELE 35: 3–47.
Schrijver, Peter. 2002. The rise and fall of British Latin: evidence from English and Brittonic. In Filppula, M., Klemola, J. and Pitkänen, H. (eds.), The Celtic roots of English, 87–110. Joensuu University Press.
Schrijver, Peter. 2006. What Britons spoke around 400 AD. In Higham, N. J. (ed.), Britons in Anglo-Saxon England, 165–71. Woodbridge: Boydell.
Schrijver, Peter. 2009. Celtic influence on Old English: phonological and phonetic evidence. In Klemola, J. and Filppula, M. (eds.), English Language and Linguistics 13.2: 193–211.
Shilling, Alison. 1980. Bahamian English – a non-continuum? In Day, R. (ed.), Issues in English creoles, 133–46. Heidelberg: Groos.
Singler, J. 1997. The configuration of Liberia's Englishes. World Englishes 16: 205–31.
Stein, Gabriella and Quirk, Randolph. 1991. On having a look in a corpus. In Aijmer, K. and Altenberg, B. (eds.), English corpus linguistics, 197–203. London: Longman.
Strang, Barbara. 1970. A history of English. London: Methuen.
Strevens, Peter. 1972. British and American English. London: Macmillan.
Sudbury, Andrea. 2000. Dialect contact and koinéisation in the Falkland Islands: development of a new southern hemisphere English? Ph.D thesis, University of Essex.
Swan, Michael. 2007. History is not what happened: the case of contrastive analysis. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 17.3: 414–19.
Thomas, Alan. 1994. English in Wales. In Burchfield, R. (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English language vol. 5: English in Britain and overseas – origins and development, 94–147. Cambridge University Press.
Thomas, Mark G., Stumpf, Michael P. H. and Härke, Heinrich. 2008. Integration versus apartheid in post-Roman Britain. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 275: 2419–21.
Thomason, Sarah G. 2001. Language contact: an introduction. Edinburgh University Press.
Thomason, Sarah G. and Everett, Daniel L.. 2005. Pronoun borrowing. Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 27: 301–15.
Thomason, Sarah G. and Kaufman, Terrence. 1988. Language contact: creolization, and genetic linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Townend, Matthew. 2002. Language and history in Viking Age England: linguistic relations between speakers of Old Norse and Old English. Turnhout: Brepols.
Trask, R. L. 1994. Language change. London: Routledge.
Trask, R. L. 1999. Key concepts in language and linguistics. London: Routledge.
Tristram, Hildegard (ed.). 2000. The Celtic Englishes II. Heidelberg: Winter.
Tristram, Hildegard (ed.). 2002. Attrition of inflections in English and Welsh. In Filppula, M., Klemola, J. and Pitkänen, H. (eds.), The Celtic roots of English, 111–49. Joensuu University Press.
Tristram, Hildegard (ed.). 2004. Diglossia in Anglo-Saxon England, or what was spoken Old English like?Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 40: 87–110.
Tristram, Hildegard (ed.). 2006. Why don't the English speak Welsh? In Higham, N. J. (ed.), Britons in Anglo-Saxon England, 192–214. Woodbridge: Boydell.
Trudgill, Peter. 1974. The social differentiation of English in Norwich. Cambridge University Press.
Trudgill, Peter. 1978. Creolisation in reverse: reduction and simplification in the Albanian dialects of Greece. Transactions of the Philological Society 1976– 77: 32–50.
Trudgill, Peter. 1983. Language contact and language change: on the rise of the creoloid. In Trudgill, P., On dialect: social and geographical perspectives, 102–7. Oxford: Blackwell.
Trudgill, Peter. 1986. Dialects in contact. Oxford: Blackwell.
Trudgill, Peter. 1988. Norwich revisited: recent linguistic changes in an English urban dialect. English World-Wide 9: 33–49.
Trudgill, Peter. 1990. The dialects of England. Oxford: Blackwell.
Trudgill, Peter. 1996a. Dual-source pidgins and reverse creoloids: northern perspectives on language contact. In Jahr, E. H. and Broch, I. (eds.), Language contact in the Arctic: northern pidgins and contact languages, 5–14. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Trudgill, Peter. 1996b. Language contact and inherent variability: the absence of hypercorrection in East Anglian present-tense verb forms. In Klemola, J., Kytö, M. and Rissanen, M. (eds.), Speech past and present: studies in English dialectology in memory of Ossi Ihalainen, 412–25. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Trudgill, Peter. 1998. Third-person singular zero: African American vernacular English, East Anglian dialects and Spanish persecution in the Low Countries. Folia Linguistica Historica 18.1–2: 139–48.
Trudgill, Peter. 1999. New-dialect formation and dedialectalisation: embryonic and vestigial variants. Journal of English Linguistics 27.4: 319–27.
Trudgill, Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistics: an introduction to language and society. London: Penguin.
Trudgill, Peter. 2001. Modern East Anglia as a dialect area. In Fisiak, J. and Trudgill, P. (eds.), East Anglian English, 1–12. Cambridge: Brewer.
Trudgill, Peter. 2003. A glossary of sociolinguistics. Edinburgh University Press.
Trudgill, Peter. 2004. New-dialect formation: the inevitability of colonial Englishes. Edinburgh University Press.
Trudgill, Peter. 2008. Colonial dialect contact in the history of European languages: on the irrelevance of identity to new-dialect formation. Language in Society 37.2: 241–54.
Trudgill, Peter. 2009. Sociolinguistic typology and complexification. In Sampson, G., Gil, D. and Trudgill, P. (eds.), Language complexity as an evolving variable, 97–108. Oxford University Press.
Trudgill, Peter. in preparation. Language in contact and isolation: on the social determinants of linguistic structure.
Trudgill, Peter and Foxcroft, Tina. 1978. On the sociolinguistics of vocalic mergers: transfer and approximation in East Anglia. In Trudgill, P. (ed.), Sociolinguistic patterns in British English, 69–79. London: Edward Arnold.
Trudgill, Peter, Gordon, Elizabeth and Lewis, Gillian. 1998. New-dialect formation and southern hemisphere English: the New Zealand short front vowels. Journal of Sociolinguistics 2: 35–51.
Trudgill, Peter, Gordon, Elizabeth, Lewis, Gillian and Maclagan, Margaret A.. 2000. Determinism in new-dialect formation and the genesis of New Zealand English. Journal of Linguistics 36: 299–318.
Trudgill, Peter and Hannah, Jean. 2008. International English: a guide to varieties of Standard English, 5th edn. London: Edward Arnold.
Trudgill, Peter and Schreier, Daniel. 2006. The segmental phonology of 19th century Tristan da Cunha English: convergence and local innovation. English Language and Linguistics 10.1: 119–41.
Trudgill, Peter, Daniel Schreier, Long, Daniel and Williams, Jeffrey P.. 2003. On the reversibility of mergers: /w/, /v/ and evidence from Lesser-Known Englishes. Folia Linguistica Historica 24/2: 23–46.
Tryon, D. T. 1970. Conversational Tahitian: an introduction to the Tahitian language of French Polynesia. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Turner, Lorenzo. 1949. Africanisms in the Gullah dialect. University of Chicago Press.
Tuten, Donald. 2003. Koineization in medieval Spanish. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Vane, Christine. 1984. The Walloon community in Norwich; the first hundred years. Proceedings of the Huguenot Society 24: 129–40.
Vennemann, Theo. 2000. English as a ‘Celtic’ language: Atlantic influences from above and below. In Tristram, H. (ed.), The Celtic Englishes II, 399–406. Heidelberg: Winter.
Vennemann, Theo. 2002. On the rise of ‘Celtic’ syntax in Middle English. In Lucas, P. J. and Lucas, A. M. (eds.), Middle English from tongue to text. Bern: Peter Lang.
Wakelin, Martyn. 1972. English dialects: an introduction. London: Athlone.
Wakelin, Martyn. 1984. Rural dialects in England. In Trudgill, P. (ed.), Language in the British Isles, 70–93. Cambridge University Press.
Wall, Arnold. 1938. New Zealand English: how it should be spoken. Auckland: Whitcombe and Tombs.
Wang, William. 1969. Competing changes as a cause of residue. Language 45: 9–25.
Warantz, Elissa. 1983. The Bay Islands English of Honduras. In Holm, J. (ed.), Central American English, 71–94. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Washabaugh, William. 1983. Creoles of the off-shore islands. In Holm, J. (ed.), Central American English, 157–80. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Wells, J. C. 1982. Accents of English, 3 vols. Cambridge University Press.
Welmers, William E. 1973. African language structures. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Whinnom, Keith. 1971. Linguistic hybridisation and the ‘special’ case of pidgins and creoles. In Hymes, Dell (ed.), Pidginisation and creolisation of languages. London: Cambridge University Press.
White, David. 2002. Explaining the innovations of Middle English: what, where, and why? In Filppula, M., Klemola, J. and Pitkänen, H. (eds.), The Celtic roots of English, 153–74. Joensuu University Press.
White, David. 2003. Brittonic influence in the reductions of Middle English nominal morphology. In Tristram, H. (ed.), The Celtic Englishes II, 29–45. Heidelberg: Winter.
Whitelock, Dorothy. 1952. The beginnings of English society. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1982. Why can you have a drink when you can't *have an eat?Language 58: 753–99.
Williams, Jeffrey P. 1985. Preliminaries to the study of the dialects of white West Indian English. Nieuwe West-Indische Gids (New West Indian Guide) 59: 27–44.
Williams, Jeffrey P. 1987. Anglo-Caribbean English: a study of its sociolinguistic history and the development of its aspectual markers. Ph.D thesis, University of Texas at Austin.
Williams, Jeffrey P. forthcoming. White Saban English: a social history. In Aceto, M. and Williams, J. (eds.), Eastern Caribbean Englishes. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Windross, Michael. 1994. Loss of postvocalic “r”: were the orthoepists really tone-deaf? In Kastovsky, D. (ed.), Studies in Early Modern English, 429–48. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Winford, Donald. 1992. Back to the past: the BEV/creole connection revisited. Language Variation and Change 4: 311–58.
Wolfram, Walt and Christian, Donna. 1976. Appalachian speech. Arlington: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Wolfram, Walt and Thomas, Erik. 2002. The development of African American English. Oxford: Blackwell.
Woolf, Alex. 2007. Apartheid and economics in Anglo-Saxon England. In Higham, N. (ed.), The Britons in Anglo-Saxon England, 113–29. Woodbridge: Boydell.
Wray, Alison and Grace, George. 2006. The consequences of talking to strangers: evolutionary corollaries of socio-cultural influences on linguistic form. Lingua 117: 543–78.
Wright, Joseph. 1905. The English dialect grammar. Oxford: Froude.
Wright, Laura. 2001. Some morphological features of the Norfolk guild certificates of 1388/9: an exercise in variation. In Fisiak, J. and Trudgill, P. (eds.), East Anglian English, 79–162. Cambridge: Brewer.
Wyld, H. C. 1956. A History of Modern Colloquial English, 3rd edn. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Yasuda, A. 1968. The structure of the Penrhyn phrase. MA thesis, University of Hawaii.
Zettersten, Arne. 1969. The English of Tristan da Cunha. (Lund Studies in English 37.) Lund: Gleerup.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.