Introduction

The theoretical framework of Hermans and Hermans-Jansen, including the so-called valuation theory, is grounded in James' well-known I–Me concept of the self with the I as the reflecting “self-as-knower” and the Me as the reflected “self-as-known.” An important aspect of this view is that the Me is much wider than the mere result of reflection on the self (in its narrow sense); it also contains the whole social and material world which has a certain personal value and affective significance for the person. This view implies an I–world connection with a strong and complex relational and affective component in the self-reflecting person in present, past, and future situations. Hermans and Hermans-Jansen: “With its reflectivity and I–world connection, the self evokes complexities of similar, different, and contrasting feelings, which together form highly dynamic structures” (p. 122).

An original turn (inspired by Sarbin) is the interpretation of the self as a sort of narrative psychodramatic system in which the I and the Me function as “author” and “observed actor” respectively. The self as author (the I) constructs an imaginary story in which the Me functions as (1) the protagonist, and (2) other figures that are part of Mine as antagonists (or imaginal others e.g. father, sister, partner). I presume that Hermans and Hermans-Jansen do not restrict these antagonists to significant others but include the whole social and material world to which the I attributes a personal affective value.