Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-qsmjn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T05:30:27.979Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 46 - Well-Being and Work–Life Balance

Cultural, Positive Psychology, and Practical Perspectives

from Part V - Wellness through Optimization of Work, Love, and Play

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2020

Waguih William IsHak
Affiliation:
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)
Get access

Summary

Work–life balance facilitates positive affect, happiness, and satisfaction [1–4]; absence of it contributes to depression and anxiety [1]. However, achieving a “balance” is easier said than done. Strategies to increase positive affect, happiness, and quality of life have often been simplistic.

For example, some suggestions to enhance work–life balance include “learn to say no if you are too busy,” “practice self-care,” “don’t take work home with you,” “make time for friends and family outside of work,” and “reduce work email and work phone access” [5]. In contrast, our chapter focuses on how to increase well-being. Well-being and positive affect are well described in the positive psychology literature [6, 7].

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Antai, D, Anthony, DS, Braithwaite, B, Oke, A. A “balanced” life: work–life balance and sickness absence in four Nordic countries. Int J Occup Environ Med 2015; 6(4): 205222.Google Scholar
Lunau, T, Bambra, C, Eikemo, TA, van der Wel, KA, Dragano, N. A balancing act? Work–life balance, health, and well-being in European welfare states. Eur J Publ Health 2014; 24(3): 422427.Google Scholar
Kvande, K. Work–life balance for fathers in globalized knowledge work: some insights from the Norwegian context. Gender Work Org 2008; 16. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00430.x.Google Scholar
Artazcoz, L, Cortes, I, Puig-Barrachina, V, et al. Combining employment and family in Europe: the role of family policies in health. Eur J Publ Health 2013; 24(4): 649655.Google Scholar
Mayo Clinic. Work–life balance: tips to reclaim control. www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/work-life-balance/art-20048134 (accessed March 2, 2019).Google Scholar
Jayawickreme, E, Foregard, M, Seligman, MEP. The engine of well-being, Rev Gen Psychol 2012; 16(4): 327342.Google Scholar
Henriques, G, Kleinman, K. The nested model of well-being: a unified approach. Rev Gen Psychol 2014; 18(1): 718.Google Scholar
Helliwell, J, Layard, R, Sachs, J. World Happiness Report 2018. New York: Sustainable Development Solutions Network; 2018. http://worldhappiness.report/ed/2018 (accessed February 20, 2019).Google Scholar
Knudsen, K. Striking a different balance: work–family conflict for female and male managers in a Scandinavian context. Gender Manage 2009; 24(4): 252269.Google Scholar
Limb, M. Could UK doctors learn from Norwegian doctors’ shorter working hours? BMJ 2014; 349: 7490.Google Scholar
OECD. OECD Better Life Index. 2019. www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries/denmark (accessed February 1, 2019).Google Scholar
Pencavel, J The productivity of working hours. 2019. http://ftp.iza.org/dp8129.pdf (accessed March 1, 2019).Google Scholar
Seligman, M. Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-Being. New York, Free Press; 2011.Google Scholar
Diener, E, Seligman, MEP. Beyond money: progress on an economy of well-being. Perspect Psychol Sci 2018; 13(2): 171175.Google Scholar
Duarte, JL. Beyond life satisfaction: a scientific approach to well-being gives us much more to measure. In: Parks, AC, Schueller, SM, eds., The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Positive Psychological Interventions. Chichester, Wiley-Blackwell; 2014; 433449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillham, JE, ed. The Science of Optimism and Hope: Research Essays in Honor of Martin E P Seligman. London, Templeton Foundation Press; 2000.Google Scholar
Peterson, C, Park, N. Character strengths and the life of meaning. In Wong, PTP, ed., The Human Quest for Meaning: Theories, Research, and Applications (2nd ed.). New York, Routledge; 2012; 277295.Google Scholar
Peterson, C, Seligman, MEP. Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. Washington, DC, American Psychological Association; 2004.Google Scholar
Brandel, M, Vescovelli, F, Ruini, C. Beyond Ryff’s scale: comprehensive measures of eudaimonic well‐being in clinical populations – a systematic review. Clin Psychol Psychother 2017; 24(6): O1524O1546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diener, E, Wirtz, D, Tov, W, et al. New well-being measures: short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Res 2010; 97(2): 143156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindert, J, Bain, PA, Kubzansky, LD, Stein, C. Well-being measurement and the WHO health policy Health 2010: systematic review of measurement scales. Eur J Publ Health 2015; 25(4): 731740.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wikimedia. The Perma Model of Well-Being. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page (accessed April 15, 2019).Google Scholar
Lybomirsky, S, King, L, Diener, E. The benefits of frequent positive affect: does happiness lead to success? Psychol Bull 2015; 131(6): 803855.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danner, DD, Friesen, WV, Collier, SM. Personal narratives, positive emotions, and long lives: the Nun Study. In: Lopez, SJ, ed., Positive Psychology: Exploring the Best in People, Vol 2: Capitalizing on Emotional Experiences. Westport, CT, Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group; 2008; 2136.Google Scholar
Danner, DD, Snowdon, DA, Friesen, WV. Positive emotions in early life and longevity: findings from the Nun Study. J Pers Soc Psychol 2001; 80(5): 804813.Google Scholar
Isen, AM. Some perspectives on positive feelings and emotions: positive affect facilitates thinking and problem solving. In: Manstead, ASR, Frijda, N, Fischer, A, eds., Feelings and Emotions: The Amsterdam Symposium. New York, Cambridge University Press; 2004; 263281.Google Scholar
Moskowitz, JT, Clark, MS, Ong, AD, Gruber, J. The role of positive affect on thinking and decision-making: a tribute to Alice Isen. In: Gruber, J, Moskowitz, JT, eds., Positive Emotion: Integrating the Light Sides and Dark Sides. New York, Oxford University Press; 2014; 7277.Google Scholar
Parks, AC, Schueller, SM, eds. The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Positive Psychological Interventions. Chichester, Wiley-Blackwell; 2014.Google Scholar
Lyubomirsky, S, Layous, K. How do simple positive activities increase well-being? Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2013; 22(1): 5762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Csikszentmihalyi, M. Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention New York, HarperCollins Publishers; 1997.Google Scholar
Csikszentmihalyi, M. Applications of Flow in Human Development and Education: The Collected Works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. New York, Springer Science + Business Media; 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boffi, M, Riva, E, Rainisio, N, Inghilleri, P. Social psychology of flow: a situated framework for optimal experience. In: Harmat, L, Andersen, , Ullén, F, Wright, J, Sadlo, G, eds., Flow Experience: Empirical Research and Applications. Cham, Springer; 2016; 215231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucas, HE. Social Flow: Optimal Experience With Others at Work and Play. In: Warren, MA, Donaldson, SI, eds., Toward a Positive Psychology of Relationships: New Directions in Theory and Research. Santa Barbara, CA, Praeger/ABC-CLIO; 2018; 179192.Google Scholar
Maeran, R, Cangiano, F. Flow experience and job characteristics: analyzing the role of flow in job satisfaction. TPM 2013; 20(1): 1326.Google Scholar
Csikszentmihalyi, M, Montijo, MN, Mouton, AR. Flow theory: optimizing elite performance in the creative realm. In: Pfeiffer, SI, Shaunessy-Dedrick, E, Foley-Nicpon, M, eds., APA Handbook of Giftedness and Talent. Washington, DC, American Psychological Association; 2018; 215229.Google Scholar
Driver, J, Tabares, A, Shapiro, AF, Gottman, JM. Couple interaction in happy and unhappy marriages: Gottman Laboratory studies. In: Walsh, F, ed., Normal Family Processes: Growing Diversity and Complexity (4th ed.). New York, Guilford Press; 2012; 5777.Google Scholar
Dutton, JE, Workman, KM, Hardin, AE. Compassion at work. Ann Rev Org Psychol Org Behav 2014; 1: 277304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, PTP, ed. The Human Quest for Meaning: Theories, Research, and Applications (2nd ed.). New York, Routledge; 2012.Google Scholar
Wong, PTP. Viktor Frankl’s meaning-seeking model and positive psychology. In: Batthyany, A, Russo-Netzer, P, eds., Meaning in Positive and Existential Psychology. New York, Springer Science + Business Media; 2014; 149184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eakman, A. A subjectively-based definition of life balance using personal meaning in occupation. J Occup Sci 2014; 23(1): 108127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, A, Milner, S Editorial. Work–life balance: a matter of choice? Gender Work Orgn 2009; 16(1): 113.Google Scholar
Steger, MF, Dik, BJ. If one is looking for meaning in life, does it help to find meaning in work? Appl Psychol Health Well-Being 2009; 1(3): 303320.Google Scholar
Pascha, M. The PERMA model: your scientific theory of happiness. 2019. https://positivepsychologyprogram.com/perma-model (accessed April 1, 2019).Google Scholar
Adler, P. What is PERMA by Martin Seligman. GoStrengths! 2019 https://gostrengths.com/whatisperma (accessed April 1, 2019).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×