Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Section 1
- Section 2
- Section 3
- Cluster 1
- Cluster 2
- Cluster 3
- Chapter 17 Energy Pathways for Sustainable Development
- Chapter 18 Urban Energy Systems
- Chapter 19 Energy Access for Development
- Chapter 20 Land and Water: Linkages to Bioenergy
- Chapter 21 Lifestyles, Well-Being and Energy
- Cluster 4
- Section 4
- Index
- References
Chapter 21 - Lifestyles, Well-Being and Energy
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 September 2012
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Section 1
- Section 2
- Section 3
- Cluster 1
- Cluster 2
- Cluster 3
- Chapter 17 Energy Pathways for Sustainable Development
- Chapter 18 Urban Energy Systems
- Chapter 19 Energy Access for Development
- Chapter 20 Land and Water: Linkages to Bioenergy
- Chapter 21 Lifestyles, Well-Being and Energy
- Cluster 4
- Section 4
- Index
- References
Summary
Executive Summary
One of the objectives of the Global Energy Assessment (GEA) is to assess the means through which the potential negative economic, social and environmental impacts from energy use can be mitigated or eliminated, either by increasing the efficiency of energy use or by switching to primary energy sources and carriers. A large set of factors influence ultimate energy use beyond those related to income and affluence. These include non-economic and nontechnological drivers such as behavior, lifestyle, culture, religion and the desire for improved well-being.
This chapter focuses on these underlying drivers and explores how they could influence energy use and choice of energy sources while maintaining desired levels of affluence or income. It reviews the factors that determine how socio-economic indicators of affluence and other non-technological drivers may translate into demand for energy services (for definition of energy services, see Chapter 1) and at the interventions, policies and measures (such as taxes, infrastructure, building codes, and access to information) that could modify or change lifestyles and preferences.
In addition to the consumption of goods and services and their quality, the chapter also focuses on two elements of lifestyle choices that have significant implications for energy use: diet and mobility (household energy use, another key element, is discussed in Chapter 10 while transport is discussed in Chapter 9).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Global Energy AssessmentToward a Sustainable Future, pp. 1527 - 1548Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2012
References
, 2005: The Impact of Age, Generation and Sex Variables on Religious Beliefs and Practices in Morocco. Social Compass, 52 (1): 31–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and , 2001: Access to Natural Resources and the Fertility Decision of Women: The Case of South Africa. Environment and Development Economics, 6 (02): 209–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , 1980: Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA.Google Scholar
, 2002: Green Consumption Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emission. Doctoral Thesis, Department of Social and Economic Geography, Spatial Modelling Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.Google Scholar
, 2004: “Green” Consumption – No Solution for Climate Change. Energy, 29 (4): 513–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 1999: Factors Affecting Food Decisions Made by Individual Consumers. Food Policy, 24 (2–3): 287–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and , 2010: Public Perceptions of Energy Consumption and Savings. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107 (37): 16054–16059.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and , 2006: Evaluating the Environmental Impact of Various Dietary Patterns Combined with Different Food Production Systems. Eur J Clin Nutr, 61 (2): 279–286.Google ScholarPubMed
, 1997: Risikoamfundet – P å Vej Mod En Ny Modernitet. Hans Reitzel, Copenhagen, Denmark.Google Scholar
, 2011: National Energy Labeling Programme. http://www.beeindia.in/ (accessed 28 August, 2011).
, , , and , 2006: New Approaches for Household Energy Conservation – in Search of Personal Household Energy Budgets and Energy Reduction Options. Energy Policy, 34 (18): 3612–3622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and , 2008: Energy Analysis of Organic and Conventional Agricultural Systems. In Organic Crop Production – Ambitions and Limitations. and (eds.), Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, pp. 173–188.Google Scholar
and , 1999: Energy Requirements of Household Consumption: A Case Study of the Netherlands. Ecological Economics, 28 (3): 367–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , 2005: Consumer Lifestyle Approach to US Energy Use and the Related CO2 Emissions. Energy Policy, 33 (2): 197–208.Google Scholar
and , 2000: What Can Be Done to Reduce Overconsumption?Ecological Economics, 32 (1): 27–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and , 2003: Food and Life Cycle Energy Inputs: Consequences of Diet and Ways to Increase Efficiency. Ecological Economics, 44 (2–3): 293–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and , 2009: Implications of Global Trends in Eating Habits for Climate Change, Health and Natural Resources. DG-IPOL-STOA-ET(2009)424735, Science and Technology Options Assessment (STOA), Directorate General for Internal Policies, European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium.Google Scholar
, 1997: Different Lifestyles and Their Impact on the Environment. Sustainable Development, 5 (1): 30–35.3.0.CO;2-5>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and , 2005: Energy Requirements of Households in Brazil. Energy Policy, 33 (4): 555–562.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and , 1998: The Embodied Energy of Food: The Role of Diet. Energy Policy, 26 (6): 455–459.Google Scholar
and , 2007: Sustainable Food Consumption at a Sub-National Level: An Ecological Footprint, Nutritional and Economic Analysis. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 9 (1): 5–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , 1992: Towards an Ecological Economics of Sustainability. Ecological Economics, 6 (1): 7–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , 2002: Dissonance Arousal and the Collective Self. In The Social Self: Cognitive, Interpersonal and Intergroup Perspectives. and (eds.), Psychology Press, New York, NY USA.Google Scholar
, , and , 1998: Changes in the Structure of Global Food Demand. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 80 (5): 1042–1050.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 1990: Toward Some Operational Principles of Sustainable Development. Ecological Economics, 2 (1): 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , 1990: For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment and a Sustainable Future. Green Print, London, UK.Google Scholar
, 1996: Consumption: Value Added, Physical Transformation and Welface. In Getting Down to Earth: Practical Applications of Ecological Economics. , and (eds.), Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA, pp. 49–59.Google Scholar
, and , 2003: Fear Appeals Motivate Acceptance of Action Recommendations: Evidence for a Positive Bias in the Processing of Persuasive Messages. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29 (5): 650–664.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and , 1991: The Environment and Emerging Development Issues. Proceedings of the World Bank Annual Conference on Development Economics 1990, Supplement to the World Bank Economic Review and the World Bank Research Observer.Google Scholar
, 1995: An Inquiry into Well-Being and Destitution. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , 1995: Povert, Institutions and the Environmental Resource Base. In Handbook of Development Economics, Vol. Iii(a). and (eds.), North Holland, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
, 1997: Nutritional Status, the Capacity for Work, and Poverty Traps. Journal of Econometrics, 77 (1): 5–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 2001: Human Well-Being and the Natural Environment. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 2008: A Framework for Pro-Environmental Behaviours. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), London, UK.Google Scholar
, 1994: Religious Contrasts in Consumer Decision Behaviour Patterns – Their Dimensions and Marketing Implications. European Journal of Marketing, 28 (5): 36–53.Google Scholar
, 1997: Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fate of Human Societies. W.W.Norton & Company, New York, NY, USA.Google Scholar
, , , and , 2009: Household Actions Can Provide a Behavioral Wedge to Rapidly Reduce Us Carbon Emissions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (44): 18452–18456.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, 2010: Narrowing the US Energy Efficiency Gap. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107 (37): 16007–16008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and , 2004: How Personal Factors, Including Culture and Ethnicity, Affect the Choices and Selection of Food We Make. The Internet Journal of Third World Medicine, 1 (2): 27–33.Google Scholar
, 1998: Structural Economics: Measuring Changes in Technology, Lifestyle and the Environment. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.Google Scholar
, 1999: Council Regulation (Ec) No 1257/1999 on Support for Rural Development from the Eagff. Official Journal of the European Communities L160 No 1257/1999, European Comission (EC), Brussels, Belgium.Google Scholar
, 2006: The European Commission Green Paper on Energy Efficiency or Doing More with Less. European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE), Stockholm, Sweden.Google Scholar
and , 2006: Promoting Physical Activity and Active Living in Urban Environments – the Role of Local Governments. The Solid Facts, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
and , 1971: Impact of Population Growth. Science, 171 (3977): 1212–1217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, 1989: The Proper Calculation of Income from Depletable Natural Resources. In Environmental Accounting for Sustainable Development: A Undp & World Bank Symposium. and (eds.), World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.Google Scholar
, and , 2007: Decoupling of Industrial Energy Consumption and CO2 -Emissions in Energy-Intensive Industries in Scandinavia. Energy Economics, 29 (4): 665–692.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , 2005: From Competition to Collaboration in Public Service Delivery: A New Agenda for Research. Public Administration, 83 (1): 233–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 1974: Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence. In Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honor of Moses Abramowitz. and (eds.), Academic Press, New York, NY, USA.Google Scholar
, and , 2007: Towards a Contemporary Approach for Understanding Consumer Behaviour in the Context of Domestic Energy Use. Energy Policy, 35 (8): 4381–4390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 2008: Consumption: Livestock and Fish Primary Equivalent. (accessed 1 December, 2008).
, 2006: Estimates of US within Product Demand Elasticities for Meat. Economic Research Service and United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., USA.Google Scholar
and , 1999: Measuring Preferences by Subjective Well-Being. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 155 (4): 755–778.Google Scholar
and , 2000: Happiness, Economy and Institutions. The Economic Journal, 110 (466): 918–938.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , , and , 2004: Prospective Study of Major Dietary Patterns and Stroke Risk in Women. Stroke, 35 (9): 2014–2019.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and , 2006: The Intelligent Grid Project: A Review of Relevant Literature. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Canberra, Australia.Google Scholar
and , 2008: Towards the Intelligent Grid – a Review of the Literature. In Urban Energy Transition: From Fossil Fuel to Renewable Power. (ed.), Elsevier, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
, 2002: Die Sozialstruktur Deutschlands – Die Gesselschaftiliche Entwicklung Vor Und Nach Der Vereinigung. Westdeutscher Verlag, Wiesbaden, Germany.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and , 2010: Food Consumption Patterns and Economic Growth. Increasing Affluence and the Use of Natural Resources. Appetite, 55 (3): 597–608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, 2010: High-Tech Growth and Low-Tech Sufficiency – Silences and Possibilities. Draft working paper, Climate Actoin Research Group (CARG) Conference and Friends of the Earth, Australia, Canberra, Australia.Google Scholar
, 2004: The Anatomy of Hope: How People Prevail in the Face of Illness. Random House, New York, NY, USA.Google Scholar
and , 1999: Genuine Savings Rates in Developing Countries. The World Bank Economic Review, 13 (2): 333–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and , 1997: Environmental Economics – in Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , 1998: Lifestyles and the Environment. Environment & Sustainability Desk Study, The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), Swindon, UK.Google Scholar
, 1993: Islamic Dietary Concepts and Practices. Islamic Food & Nutrition Council of America, Park Ridge, IL, USA.Google Scholar
, and and , 2007: Changing lifestyle and consumption patterns in developing countries: A scenario analysis for china and India. Futures 35(9): 1084–1096.Google Scholar
, 1980: World Conservation Strategy: Living Resource Conservation for Sustainable Development. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland.Google Scholar
, 2007: Summary for Policy Makers. In Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Ipcc). , , , and (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA.Google Scholar
, 2005: Motivating Sustainable Consumption – a Review of Evidence on Consumer Behaviour and Behavioural Change. Report Preapared for the Sustainable Development Research Network, Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK.Google Scholar
, 2008: Measuring Consumption in Households: Interpretations and Strategies. Ecological Economics, 68 (1–2): 353–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and , 2005: Biomass Energy in Organic Farming – the Potential Role of Short Rotation Coppice. Biomass and Bioenergy, 28 (2): 237–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , 2006: Umweltbewusster Konsum: Schlüsselentscheide, Akteure Und Konsummodelle. Umwelt-Wissen Nr. 0616, Bundesamt für Umwelt (BAFU), Bern, Switzerland.Google Scholar
, and , 1997: Back to Bentham? Explorations of Experienced Utility. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112 (2): 375–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and , 1999: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Related to Dutch Food Consumption – Foundations and Extensions. Energy Policy, 27 (4): 203–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and , 2004: India's Poultry Sector – Development and Prospects. Agriculture and Trade Report No. WRS-04–03, Market and Trade Economics Division, Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Washington, D.C., USA.Google Scholar
, 2003: A Theoretical Foundation to Support the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW), Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), and Other Related Indexes. Ecological Economics, 44 (1): 105–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 1998: Energy and Greenhouse Gas Cost of Living for Australia During 1993/94. Energy, 23 (6): 497–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and , 2004: Energy Requirements of Sydney Households. Ecological Economics, 49 (3): 375–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 2000: Education and Muslim Identity: The Case of France. Comparative Education, 36 (1): 73–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Ed. 1999: Livssstil Och Miljö, Värderingar, Val, Vanor. Livsstil Och Miljö. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden.
, and , 2007: Convergence of Consumption Patterns During Macroeconomic Transition – a Model of Demand in Ireland and the OECD. Working Paper No. 205, Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, Ireland.Google Scholar
, 2000: Dietary Lean Red Meat and Human Evolution. European Journal of Nutrition, 39 (2): 71–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and , 2010: China's Meat Consumption: An Income Elasticity Analysis and Long-Term Projections. Poster prepared for presentation at the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association Joint Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, USA.Google Scholar
, and , 1992: The Sociology of Food: Eating, Diet and Culture. Sage Publicatoins Ltd., London, UK.Google Scholar
, 2005: Ecosystems and Human Well-Being – Synthesis. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.Google Scholar
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , and , 2009: Input–Output Analysis and Carbon Footprinting: An Overview of Applications. Economic Systems Research, 21 (3): 187–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , 1995: Delineating the Concept of Hope. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 27 (4): 277–285.Google ScholarPubMed
and , 2007: Toward the Social Tipping Point: Creating a Climate for Change. In Creating a Climate for Change – Communicating Climate Change and Facilitating Social Change. and (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and , 2000: Irish Descent, Religion and Food Consumption in the West of Scotland. Appetite, 34 (1): 47–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, 2009: Sufficiency – Does Energy Consumption Become a Moral Issue?IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 6 (26): 262003.Google Scholar
, 1993: Socio-Cultural and Economic Factors Affecting Food Consumption Patterns in the Arab Countries. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 113 (2): 68–74.Google ScholarPubMed
and , 1998: Measuring Gross National Happiness: A Predictive Model for Quantifying Social and Environmental Well-Being in Bhutan. Sherub Doenme, 4 (1&2): 1–24.Google Scholar
, , , and , 2000: Voices of the Poor: Can Anyone Hear Us? Pusblished for the World Bank, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 2004: Deliberation in the Wilderness: Displacing Symbolic Politics. Environmental Politics, 13 (2): 347–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 1984: Co-Evolutionary Development Potential. Land Economics, 60 (2): 160–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 2000: Women and Human Development. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 1998: Towards Sustainable Consumption Patterns – a Progress Report on Member Country Initiatives. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, France.Google Scholar
, 2009: The Role of Consumers and Corporations in Tackling Climate Change. Consumer Empowerment and Responsible Business Conduct, Ethical Investment Research Services (EIRIS) for the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, France.Google Scholar
, , and , 2008: Social Accounting Matrix for India. Working Paper no. GCP-JU-WP-2008–10–1, Global Change Programme, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, India.Google Scholar
, 2000: A Sustainable Future for Humanity? How Can Psychology Help?American Psychologist, 55 (5): 496–508.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and , 2011: Going Hybrid: An Analysis of Consumer Purchase Motivations. Energy Policy, 39 (5): 2217–2227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , 2002: Direct and Indirect Energy Requirements of Households in India. Energy Policy, 30 (6): 511–523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 2004: An Analysis of Cross-Sectional Variations in Total Household Energy Requirements in India Using Micro Survey Data. Energy Policy, 32 (15): 1723–1735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , 2000: Modelling Impacts of Lifestyle on Energy Demand and Related Emissions. VATT-Discussion Papers, Government Institute for Economic Research (VATT), Helsinki, Finland.Google Scholar
, and , 2004: Psycho-Social Influences on Food Choice in Southern France and Central England. Appetite, 42 (3): 307–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and , 1990: In Search of Environmental Excellence: moving beyond blame. Simon and Schuster, New York, NY, USA.Google Scholar
and , 2003: Sustainability of Meat-Based and Plant-Based Diets and the Environment. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78 (3): 660S–663S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and , 2006: How Much Energy to Process One Pound of Meat? A Comparison of Energy Use and Specific Energy Consumption in the Meat Industry of Four European Countries. Energy, 31 (12): 2047–2063.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 1995: Reducing the Ecological Footprint of Consumption. Workshop on Policy measures for Changing Consumption Patterns, Seoul, South Korea.Google Scholar
, , and , 2001: Cross-Country Analysis of Food Consumption Patterns. In Changing Strcuture of Global Food Consumption and Trade. (ed.), Economic Research Service, United States Department of AgricultureWashington D.C., USA, pp. 14–22.Google Scholar
, and , 2003: The Direct and Indirect Energy Requirement of Households in the European Union. Energy Policy, 31 (2): 139–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 2000: The Rebound Effect: Some Empirical Evidence from India. Energy Policy, 28 (6–7): 433–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , 2009: Lifestyles and Climate Change: Link Awaiting Activation. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 1 (2): 192–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and , 2001: Scary Warnings and Rational Precautions: A Review of the Psychology of Fear Appeals. Psychology & Health, 16 (6): 613–630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and , 2004: Danger and Fear Control in Response to Fear Appeals: The Role of Need for Cognition. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 26 (1): 13–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 2001: Whitebread Protestants – Food and Religion in American Culturew. Palgrave, New York, NY, USA.Google Scholar
, 2004: La Transmission De L'islam Auprès Des Nouvelles Géné rations De La Diaspora. Social Compass, 51 (2): 235–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and , 2005: 2025 Vision for Mexican Chicken Consumption. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4 (5): 292–295.Google Scholar
, 2008: Fuel Conserving (and Using) Production Functions. Energy Economics, 30 (5): 2184–2235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , 1998: Influences on Diet, Health Behaviours and Their Outcome in Select Ethnocultural and Religious Groups. Nutrition, 14 (2): 223–230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, 2003: Changing Human Behaviour and Lifestyle: A Challenge for Sustainable Consumption?Department of Sociology, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK.Google Scholar
, , , and , 2009: Meat Intake and Mortality: A Prospective Study of over Half a Million People. Arch Intern Med, 169 (6): 562–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, 2002: Eating Meat: Evolution, Patterns, and Consequences. Population and Development Review, 28 (4): 599–639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and , 1995: Econometric Modelling of International Carbon Tax Regimes. Energy Economics, 17 (2): 133–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 1981: Lifestyle and Social Structure – Conceptions, Definitions and Analyses. Academic Press, London, UK.Google Scholar
, 2008: Carbon Saved by Reducing Meat Consumption. http://www.dothegreenthing.com/wiki/display/WIKI/Eat+less+meat+and+poultry (accessed 25 November, 2011).
, 1993: Foor Consumption Behavior. In European Advances in Consumer Research. and (eds.), Association for Consumer Research, Provo, UT, USA, 1, pp. 401–409.Google Scholar
, and , 1995: Development of a Measure of the Motives Underlying the Selection of Food: The Food Choice Questionnaire. Appetite, 25 (3): 267–284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, 2007: Fuel Taxes: An Important Instrument for Climate Policy. Energy Policy, 35 (6): 3194–3202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 1990: Human Development Report 1990. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), New York, NY, USA.Google Scholar
, 2010: Human Development Report 2010. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), New York, NY, USA.Google Scholar
, , , and , 2010: Implmenting the Behavioral Wedge: Designing and Adopting Effective Carbon Emissions Reduction Programs. Environmental Law Reporter, 40: 10547.Google Scholar
, 1977: Personality and Small Group Behavior. In Handbook of Meodern Personality Theory. and (eds.), Academic Press, London, UK.Google Scholar
and , 1995: The Direct and Indirect Energy Requirements of Households in the Netherlands. Energy Policy, 23 (10): 893–910.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, 2004: Förutsättningar För En Minskning Av Växthusgasutsläppen Frånjordbruket. Rapport 2004:1, Jordbruks Verket, Stockholm, Sweden.
and , 1998: Improving the Measurement and Use of Tobacco Control “Inputs”. Tobacco Control, 7 (4): 333–335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , and , 2005: Public Health Implications of Meat Production and Consumption. Public Health Nutrition, 8 (04): 348–356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and , 2004: Does the Swedish Consumer's Choice of Food Influence Greenhouse Gas Emissions?Environmental Science Policy, 7 (6): 525–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , 2008: Food-Miles and the Relative Climate Impacts of Food Choices in the United States. Environmental Science & Technology, 42 (10): 3508–3513.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , and , 1996: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Household Energy Use Behaviour in Japan and Norway. Energy Policy, 24 (9): 795–803.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , 1974: Some Conceptual, Measurement and Analytical Problems in Lifestyle Research. In Life Style and Psychographics. (ed.), American Marketgin Association, Chicago, pp. 97–126.Google Scholar
World Bank, various years: The Little Green Data Book. World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.
, 2010: The State of the World 2010 – Transforming Cultures from Consumerism to Sustainability. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, NY, USA.Google Scholar
, , , , , , , and , 2007: The Impact of a Community-Based Food Skills Intervention on Cooking Confidence, Food Preparation Methods and Dietary Choices – an Exploratory Trial. Public Health Nutrition, 10 (02): 203–211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, 2007: Energy Use in Organic Food Systems. Natural Resources Management and Environmental Department, Food and Argiculture Organisation (FAO), Rome, Italy.Google Scholar
- 10
- Cited by