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6 - Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 October 2017

Emma Kirk
Affiliation:
Royal Free Hospital, London
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Summary

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Type
Chapter
Information
Early Pregnancy Ultrasound
A Practical Guide
, pp. 39 - 49
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

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References

Further Reading

Elson, CJ, Salim, R, Potdar, N, Chetty, M, Ross, JA, Kirk, EJ on behalf of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (2016). Diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy. BJOG 123: e15e55.Google Scholar
Bouyer, J, Coste, J, Shojaei, T, Pouly, JL, Fernandez, H, Gerbaud, L, Job-Spira, N (2003). Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a comprehensive analysis based on a large case-control, population-based study in France. Am J Epidemiol. 157: 185194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NICE (December 2012). Ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage: diagnosis and initial management in early pregnancy of ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage. NICE Clinical Guideline 154.Google Scholar
Kirk, E, Bottomley, C, Bourne, T (2014). Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and current concepts in the management of pregnancy of unknown location. Hum Reprod Update 20(2): 250261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom (CMACE) (2011). The Eighth Report of the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. CMACE 118.Google Scholar
Benson, CB, Doubilet, PM, Peters, HE, Frates, MC (2013). Intrauterine fluid with ectopic pregnancy: a reappraisal. J Ultrasound Med. 32: 389393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Condous, G, Okaro, E, Khalid, A, Lu, C, Van Huffel, S, Timmerman, D, Bourne, T (2005). The accuracy of transvaginal sonography for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy prior to surgery. Hum Reprod 20: 14041409.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirk, E, Papageorghiou, AT, Condous, G, Tan, L, Bora, S, Bourne, T (2007). The diagnostic effectiveness of an initial transvaginal scan in detecting ectopic pregnancy. Hum Reprod 22: 28242828.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, DL, Doubilet, PM (1994). Transvaginal sonography for diagnosing ectopic pregnancy: positivity criteria and performance characteristics. J Ultrasound Med 13: 259266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirk, E, Daemen, A, Papageorghiou, AT, Bottomley, C, Condous, G, De Moor, B, Timmerman, D, Bourne, T (2008). Why are some ectopic pregnancies characterized as pregnancies of unknown location at the initial transvaginal ultrasound examination? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 87: 11501154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elson, J, Tailor, A, Banerjee, S, Salim, R, Hillaby, K, Jurkovic, D (2004). Expectant management of tubal ectopic pregnancy: prediction of successful outcome using decision tree analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 23: 552556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lipscomb, GH, Mc Cord, ML, Stovall, TG, Huff, G, Portera, SG, Ling, F (1999). Predictors of success of methotrexate treatment in women with ectopic pregnancies. N Engl J Med 341: 19741978.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
RCOG (2016). Diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy. Green-Top Guideline No. 21.Google Scholar

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