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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2022

Edited by
Kari De Pryck  and
Mike Hulme
Kari De Pryck
Affiliation:
Université de Genève
Mike Hulme
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge

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Chapter
Information
A Critical Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , pp. 306 - 320
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

Note:

Material in Figures or Tables is indicated with italic page locators; material in boxes with bold type and references to footnotes carry the suffix ‘n’.

accountability shortcomings, 50, 54, 56–57, 95, 102
accredittion of observers, 89
adaptive learning, 50, 57
Adler, C. E., 81, 164–165, 168
‘affective atmospheres’, 31
afforestation, 153–154, 267
AGGG (Advisory Group on Greenhouse Gases), 15–16
agonistic-antagonistic mode, 171, 176
Agrawala, Shardul, 11, 16, 18, 26, 87, 210
Amazon basin, 220
AMIP (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project), 132
Anderson, Benedict, 258
Anderson, Kevin, 56, 145, 202
AOGCMs (Atmosphere-Ocean coupled General Circulation Models), 128
AR1 to AR6. See assessment report(s)
Arctic. See ICC
Arrhenius, Svante, 14
artificial intelligence, 103, 135
Asayama, Shinichiro, 230, 249, 251, 271n
biography and chapter contribution, xi, 148–155
assessment cycles
full list of reports produced, 40–41
generating calls for reform, 268
assessment process
more focused alternatives, 270
widening the knowledge base, 121
Assessment Reports, IPCC (generally)
acceptance, adoption and approval, 21, 42, 99, 188–194
criticism of, 2, 23
evolving visuals, 235
full list of reports produced, 40–41
neglect of indigenous knowledge, 116
role of models in, 126
scoping meetings, 42, 54, 63, 169, 189
Assessment Report 1 (AR1, FAR, 1990), xxiii
peer review, 184
Assessment Report 2 (AR2, SAR, 1996), xxiii
as SAR, 40
Chapter-8 debate, 1995, 53, 101, 150
climate change as anthropogenic, 102
introduction of SYRs and SPMs, 199
procedural criticism, 24, 102
statistical value of human life, WGIII, 151, 152
Assessment Report 3 (AR3, TAR, 2001), xxiii
as TAR, 40
‘burning embers’ diagram, 197, 200, 236, 238
guidance on uncertainty, 161, 171
‘hockey-stick’ graph, 151, 239
social science coverage, 110
Assessment Report 4 (AR4, 2007)
guidance on uncertainty, 161, 168
Himalayan glaciers error, 24, 53, 102, 150, 220
modelling sea-level rise, 114, 151, 183, 184
Assessment Report 5 (AR5, 2013/14)
Chapter Scientists and, 78
guidance note on communicating uncertainty, 247
IAM community and, 114, 146
mention of DAI, 45
overhaul of scenario framework, 140
speculative NETs criticism, 202
Synthesis Report case study, 195
WGIII contribution, 138, 194
Assessment Report 6 (AR6 2022/23)
changing expectations acknowledged, 4
co-production of visuals, 241
emphasis on integration, 174–175
estimates of maximal sea-level rise, 109
guidance note on communicating risk, 247
scoping meeting, 174
WGI adoption interventions, 165
WGI reference scenarios, 141
attribution studies
global temperature change, 102, 108, 126, 134
individual weather events, 108
audiences
diversifying, 41, 155, 160, 163, 237, 242, 269
primary and secondary, 244
authors
contributing to this book, xi–xvii, 7, 262–263
nations contributing IPCC authors, 64, 220
selection criteria, 21, 61, 63, 69, 265
as volunteers, 26, 172, 269
aviation, Special Report on (1999), 40
AXA Research Fund, 74
‘the Bali Box’ controversy, 231, 232
Barros, Vicente, 187
Barry, A., 170–171, 176
Barry, J., 203
Beardsley, M. C., 249
BECCS (Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage)
claims in SP15, 103, 113, 211, 214
IAMs and, 144, 146
pathways legitimising, 230
peer review and, 103
reliance since AR5, 111, 202, 267
Beck, Silke
on BECCS, 203, 211, 230
biography and chapter contribution, xi, 49–58
key readings, 58, 205, 224, 232, 260
views of, 4, 248
Beck, U. et al., 50
behavioural change, neglect of, 55
bibliometry, 114
Biden Administration, 55
biodiversity loss / protection, 1, 13, 25, 257, 267, 270, See also IPBES
biogeochemical processes, 127, 128, 171
biogeophysical processes, 132
Bjurström, A., 113, 164
black boxes
approved SPMs as, 193
climate models viewed as, 56, 134, 144
IPCC workings, 263
scientific controversy and, 149
BMPC (Brazilian Panel on Climate Change), 221
Board of Trustees, Scholarship Trust Fund, 74
Bolin, Bert, 14–15, 82, 99, 185, 227, 244, 249, 256
book, 3, 87
books about the IPCC, 3
‘boundary making’, 199
‘boundary objects’, 225, 272
as a common language, 229
desirable futures, 230
examples, 137, 146, 225, 231
‘boundary organisations’, 21, 80–81, 86, 148, 201, 272
‘boundary spaces’, 32, 272
‘boundary work’, 3, 103, 154, 183, 201, 205, 272
and anti-boundary work, 170, 176
Boykoff, M. T., 248, 256
Brazil, 219–222, 257
Breakout Groups / rooms, xxiii, 32, 35, 174, 190
Brodbeck, Rino, 31
Broome, John, 110, 190, 193, 195
Brown, H., 27, 35, 38
Brown, M. B., 179
Brown, M. J., 205
Brysse, K., 204
buffer function, WGIII, 17
buildings. See venues
Bureau, IPCC
accreditation of observer organisations, 90
appointment of experts, 21
governments dependence on, 87
and Panel overlap, 83
‘burning embers’ diagram, 197, 200, 236, 238
Bush, GW Administration, 83
‘business-as-usual’ scenarios, 111, 145
calibrated language, 159–160
history of IPCC use, 162, 164
Canada, 7, 29, 122, 153, 174, See also ICC
capacity building, 61–62, 64, 69, 71–72, 267
capitalist domination, 270
carbon cycle, 127, 128, 185, 220, See also biogeochemical processes
carbon dioxide, atmospheric, 14
global distribution, 130
modelling effects of, 130, 227
Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (SR, 2005), 40, See also BECCS
carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies, 57, 103
carbon sinks, 46, 151, 153, 155, 266
carbon trading, 228
Carraro, C., 212–213
Casado, M., 78
Castree, Noel, 57, 204, 211, 216
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity), United Nations, xxiii, 119
CDR (carbon dioxide removal) technologies, 57, 103
Chair, IPCC. See Lee; Pachauri; Watson
‘chaotic debates’, avoiding, 245, 249
Chapter Scientist role, 72, 75–77, 77, 182
Chapter-8 debate, 1995, 53, 101, 150
Charney report, 130
chemical pollution, 4, 267
China, blocking organisations, 90, 257
civic epistemologies
challenging transnational consensus, 93, 181, 201
chapter on, 217–220
defined, 217–218, 272
of India and Brazil, 219–222
of Russia, 223
CLAs (Coordinating Lead Authors)
Chapter Scientists and, 75–77, 77
collaboration across WGs, 174
role, 63
Climate Action Network International, 91
Climate Action Tracker, 213
climate activism, 55, 267
Climate Analytics, 213
climate change
controversies around anthropogenic nature, 24, 102, 126
dangerous levels, 45
neglect of regional aspects, 194, 213, 216, 259, 267
now a political problem, 270
polycentric response to, 270
projections from models, 127
reality established, 256
Special Report on Regional Impacts, 40
viewed as an emergency, 254, 256, 258, 260
climate change adaptation
expert knowledge, 111
separate WG from mitigation, 110
Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and (2012), 41
climate change litigation, 195
climate change mitigation
reflecting Global North interests, 221
research dependent on IPCC, 112–113
salience post-Paris, 201
separate WG from adaptation, 110
Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and (2011), 41
climate contrarians, 92, 160, 264, 268, See also climate sceptics
climate emergency, imaginary of, 254, 256, 258, 260
climate events, low-probability, high-risk, 164, 204, See also extreme weather
climate forcers, Methodological Report, 41, 42
Climate Interactive, 213
‘climate justice’, 193
climate models, 126–135, See also MIPs
atmosphere-ocean coupled models, 128, 133, 135
atmospheric circulation models, 127
boundary objects and, 227
centrality within IPCC, 130, 134
climate sensitivity and, 227
influence of IPCC, 112
machine-learning alternatives, 135
types of model, 128, 135, 139
used in each assessment cycle, 137
climate neutrality, 254, 258, 260
climate research. See climate science; research
Climate Risk and Sustainable Solutions, meeting on Integrating Science across the IPCC, 174
climate sceptics, 92, 95, 127, 131, 134, 150, 249, 251, 254, See also climate contrarians
climate science
after World War II, 14
conceived globally, 130
global fact base, 254
IPCC influence on research, 111, 135
neglect of Indigenous knowledge, 117
climate sensitivity
as a boundary object, 226–229, 232
Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS), 226
IPCC consensus around, 186
IPCC definition, 227
models and, 131
uncertainties, 131
climate solutions space, signifcant omissions, 56
‘Climategate’ controversy, 2009, 24, 54, 102, 149–150, 224, 267
closure, of the review process, 102, 149, 155, 171, 193, 219
CMIP (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project), 127, 133, 135
‘code red’ assessments, 254, 270
Cointe, Béatrice, xi, 114, 137–146
Collins, Harry, 180
communalism in science, 98
communication
appropriation, 248
criticisms of IPCC approach, 247, 250
IPCC strategy, 246
reciprocal approach, 248
through reports, 244–251
using visuals, 234–243
Communications Action Team, 246
complexity of the IPCC, 263, 269
computer simulations. See climate models
Conference on the Human Environment (UN, 1972), 15
Conferences of the Parties (COP). See UNFCCC
confidence scale, 159, 162
confidence statements and uncertainty, 161, 165
conflict resolution, 266
conflict uncertainty, 161
conflicts of interest, 2, 20, 24–25, 93, 114
Conflict of interest policy, 26
consensus
arguments against, 184, 204, 247
arguments in favour, 183
building through meetings, 35, 37
consensus seeking by IPCC, 178, 182–183, 251
and epistemic authority, 181
scientific, 13, 178, 180–182
singular and plural views, 191
constitution
IPCC, 22
Working Groups, 19
‘constitutional moments’, 50, 53, 57
contact groups, 32, 85, 193
controversiality of knowledge, 191
controversies
accounting for forest sinks, 153
AR2 Chapter-8 debate, 1995, 53, 101, 150
‘the Bali Box’, 231, 232
‘burning embers’ diagram, 197, 200, 238
causes as political, 154, 266
‘Climategate’, 24, 54, 102, 149–150, 224, 267
defined, 149
ensuring the reflection of, 24
errors in AR4, 24, 53, 102, 267
and IPCC consensus, 183
knowledge / scientific controversies, 148, 202, 264
ontological controversies, 154, 231
political, absorbed by IPCC, 151
political, triggered by IPCC, 151
12 year deadline, 244, 248, 249
types affecting IPCC, 148–151
‘convening power’, of IPCC and UNEP, 29
co-productions
between authors and users, 234
and boundary objects, 226
co-production of IPCC reports, 264
defined, 254, 272
of knowledge with IK systems, 120, 123
science-driven or policy-driven, 112
2 °C target as, 230
of visuals, 241
COPs (Conferences of the Parties). See UNFCCC
Corbera, E., 62, 64, 66, 70, 82, 85, 143
cosmopolitan climate expertise, 223–224
cosmopolitan knowledge, 218, 224, 251, 272
costs of travel, 37
COVID-19 pandemic, 28, 37, 38, 257
Craggs, R., 27, 32, 38
credibility of IPCC
diversity and, 68
NGO involvement and, 93
procedures and, 20, 33
varying from country to country, 218
‘cross-cutting aspects / issues / themes’, 42, 53, 171
cultural relativism, 184
Cuomo Foundation, 74
DAI (Dangerous Anthropogenic Interference), xxiii, 199, 229–230
dangerous anthropogenic objects, 231
data representation. See visuals
De Pryck, Kari, xi, 65, 81, 101, 165, 170, 246
chapters by, 1–8, 27, 148–155, 187–195, 262–271
in key readings, 176, 195
de Wit, S., 248
deadline, 12 year, 244, 248, 249, 251
decarbonisation, 203, 255
decision-making in Latin America, 222
decision-makers’ needs, 55, 114, 132, 239
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UN), 118
deforestation, 220–221
‘deliberative mini-publics’, 94
democracy, 94, 179, 205, 222, 259, 268
desertification, 4, 267
developed and developing nations
alternative terminology, 6, 70n
asymmetries and chairmanship, 83
climate change as an emergency, 256
climate model development, 128
equitable effort-sharing, 231
human life valuation in, 152
intergovernmental comprisons, 85
intergovernmental relations, 82
joint TSU chairs, 29
developing nations
dissatisfaction with the AR1 report, 199
participation, 87
support for representatives, 76, 82
dialogue, in policy advice, 250–251
Structured Expert Dialogue, 45, 193
disciplines, academic
feedback loops with IPCC, 107, 113, 266
interdisciplinary conversations / work, 169–170, 176
positivist and interpretative, 114
power asymmetries among, 265
relevance of this book, 5
support for consensus, 251
dissent / dissensus, 168, 179, 184–185, 193
diversity, 59, See also gender balance
among thematic bridges, 176
of audiences for IPCC reports, 242
avoiding box ticking, 68, 70
importance and value, 66
through participation of NGOs, 88, 92
Dorough, Dalee Sambo, xii, 116–124
Doyle, J., 237
Dubash, Navroz K., xii, xviii–xx, 177
Dudman, K., 248
Dupuy, Jean-Paul, 159
Earth Negotiations Bulletin (ENB), 166
economic growth
assumptions, 141, 203, 248
decoupling from energy demand, 214
and technological solutions, 56, 145
economics
dominance among social sciences, 110, 203
dominance, with science, 113
post-carbon economy / future, 255, 259
valuation of future damage, 251
valuation of human life, 152
ECRs (Early Career Researchers), 6, 7, 71–78, 265, See also Chapter Scientist role; Scholarship Programme
benefits of involving, 73, 76, 78
defined, 72
ECS (Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity), 226
Edenhofer, Ottmar, 55, 202, 205, 211
Edmonds, Jae, 143
Edwards, Paul N., 53, 92, 102, 127, 130–131, 135, 150, 182, 255
biography and chapter contribution, xii, 96–104
eLAMs (electronic Lead Author Meetings), 37, 38
electrical utilities, 214, 259
Elzinga, A., 182
email leak, University of East Anglia. See Climategate
EMIC (Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity), 128
‘emission equivalents’, 226
emission scenarios
as ‘boundary objects’, 137
in each assessment cycle, 139
evaluation, 1995, 140
IPCC role as catalyst, 138, 140
RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways), 139, 141, 144, 145
emissions inventories. See NDCs
emulators, 128
energy transitions, 165, 214, 259
English language standard, 35, 103
environmental assessments, 12, 17, 44, See also GEAs
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), US, 139
epistemic authority / legitimacy, 62, 154, 178–179, 215, 245, 251
‘epistemic chaos’, 153
epistemic community model, 80, 87, 180, 273
epistemic consensus / disagreements, 150, 179, 181
epistemic geographies, 222
epistemic pluralism, 151, 180
‘epistemic selectivity’, 194
epistemic sovereignty, 219, 222–223
‘epistemic things’, 228, 230, 273
epistemic uncertainty, 160, 183
epistemological hierarchies, 108, 108, 110, 114, 265
equitable effort-sharing, 231
equitable engagement with IK systems, 119–123
errors
in AR4, 24, 53, 102, 220, 267
factual, and knowledge controversies, 150
on the side of least drama, 204
ESMs (Earth System Models), 128, 128
‘human systems’ and, 135
ethical engagement with IK systems, 119–123
ethical uncertainty, 161
ethics and the valuation of human life, 152, 154
European Union
adoption of 2 °C target, 229
Green New Deal, 55
supporting a climate-neutral future, 254
experience, prior, with IPCC, 63
Expert Meetings
Assessing Climate Information for Regions, 2018, 175
on Communication, 2016, 241
expert review stage, 99, 121
expertise
call for cosmopolitan knowledge, 218, 224, 251, 272
evaluation, 50, 63
non-peer reviewed, 113, 116
experts. See also authors; Lead Authors
disciplinary backgrounds, 6, 107
expert elicitation, 186, 273
‘fast-track procedures’, 25
NGO nomination, 91, 93
in peer review, 97
private sector and civil society, 92
selection criteria, 14, 21, 63, 97
Extinction Rebellion, 249
extreme weather events
attribution studies, 108, 134
images, 241
Special Report on Managing the Risks of (2012), 41, 177n
Ezrahi, Yaron, 259
‘facts’, scientifc and diplomatic, 188
FAQs (frequently asked questions), 237
FAR. See Assessment Report 1
‘fast-track procedures’, 25
feedback loops
academic disciplines with IPCC, 107, 113
research institutions with IPCC, 266
FGD (Final Government Distribution), xxiii, 101
Field, Chris B., 183, 187
Final Government Distribution (FGD), 101
financial support
ECRs from developing nations, 75
IPCC from member governments, 80
IPCC influence on research funding, 111
Fløttum, K. et al., 172, 241
flux adjustments, 131, 135
focal points. See national focal points
FODs (First Order Drafts), 42, 99, 103
Fogel, C., 42, 44, 81, 153, 194
forest sinks. See carbon sinks
fossil fuel industry, 210, 254. See also oil
fossil fuels, xiii, xx, 153, 189, 253, 254, 259, 265
framework conventions. See also UNFCCC
on tobacco and emerging diseases, 257
framing of climate change
approval process and, 194, 199
global framing, 70, 245, 254, 258
as a model, 257, 263
as model-based, 146, 265
‘Northern’ framing, 220, 222
for public and media, 243
as science and economics-based, 86, 131, 248
Franz, W. E., 92–93, 95, 194
Fridays for Future movement, 55
Friends World Committee for Consultation, 91
Fry, I., 153
functionalist approach to participation, 92
funding. See financial support
futures research, 111, 138, 230
Garard, J., 89, 94–95
GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Programme), 15
gatekeeping function of peer review, 98
Gay-Antaki, Miriam, 64, 69–70
GCMs (General Circulation Models), 127, 128, 132, 135
GCMs (Global Climate Models), 14, 128, 138, 146, 147n
GEAs (global environmental assessments)
call for openly political GEAs, 204, 216
diversity in, 70
intergovernmental model, 80, 267
other than IPCC, 1, 13, 267
solutions-oriented assessments, 202, 211
stakeholder role, 88, 94
Geden, Oliver, 202, 251
gender balance, 21, 61, 63
Gender Task Force, IPCC, 69
generative events, 149, 154, 273
Geneva, 28, 31, 152, 172
GEO (Global Environment Outlook), 2
geoengineering technologies, 114, 174
geographical bias, 73, See also Global North and South
Germany, 55, 85, 90, 166, 200, 222, 224
preference for consensus, 219
GHG (greenhouse gases)
emissions by country-income groups, 194
evolution scenarios, 137
Global Warming Potentials and, 228
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 29, 40
social costs of emissions, 131
supporting reduction, 253, 258
Gieryn, T. F., 28, 32, 38, 154, 201, 272–273
Gilbert, M., 180
glacier melting, AR4 error, 24, 53, 150, 220, See also ice sheet melting
Global Climate Coalition (GCC), 24, 92, 95
Global Environmental Outlook (UNEP), 95, 195
global framing of climate change, 70, 245
‘global health risks’, 257
‘global kinds of knowledge’, 3, 5, 131, 255
Global North and South
developed and developing nations and, 6, 70n, 199
distribution of knowledge production, 265
Global North bias
author selection, 7, 69, 73
hosting meetings, 29, 38
NGO dominance, 94
global social order, 215, 260
Global South. See also Brazil; India
public participation in science, 218
underrepresentation, 62, 64, 218, 268
Global Stocktake, 174, 213, 268
Global Warming Policy Foundation, 251
global warming potential (GWP), 131, 228
globalisation of knowledge-making, 255–256
Goeminne, G., 182
governments. See member governments
Green New Deal (EU), 55
greenhouse effect, 14, 256, See also GHG
greenhouse gas indices, 110
greenhouse gases. See GHG
Greenpeace, 92
‘grey literature’, 24, 98, 116
Griesemer, J. R., 226, 229, 272
The Guardian newspaper, 83, 249
guidance notes
on communicating risk, 247
on communicating uncertainties, 163, 168, 171
Guidelines on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 40
Guillemot, Hélène, xii, 128–136, 230
Gustafsson, Karin M., xii, 71–78, 81
Guston, D. H., 81, 181, 184, 272
Guterrez, A., 254
Haas, Peter M., 12, 17, 43, 180, 194, 211, 273
handshakes, 175, See also integration
Hansson, A., 103
Harold, Jordan, xiii, 234–243
Hartz, Friederike, xiii, 27
Havstad, J. C., 198, 205
Hermansen, E. A. T., 189, 212–213, 216, 232
Heymann, Matthias, 132
Himalayan glaciers, AR4 error, 24, 53, 150, 220
Hirsch Hadorn, G., 81, 164, 168
A History of the Science and Politics of Climate Change: The Role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by Bolin, 3, 87
‘hockey-stick’ graph, AR3, 151, 239
Ho-Lem, C, 64, 73, 82, 87, 255
Hoppe, I., 247, 251
Hoppe, R., 71, 81
Houghton, Sir John, 102, 178, 184, 188
Hughes, Hannah, xiii, 70, 79–87, 195
Hulme, Mike, xix, 3, 258
biography and chapter contribution, xiii, 1–8, 148–155, 178–186, 262–271
key readings, 26, 186, 251
human life, valuation, 151, 152
human rights law, 123
humanities, engagement with the IPCC, 3, 110, 113, 170, 176
hybrid events, 38
hybrid organisations, IPCC as, 50, 199
IAC (InterAcademy Council) review of IPCC procedures, 2010, 24, 26, 50, 54, 57, 102–103, 150, 161, 172, 250
IAM (Integrated Assessment Model(ling)), 127
debated influence, 55, 144, 161
and IPCC WGs, 113
producing scenarios, 137
prominence and shortcomings, 137, 144, 203
publications and the IPCC report cycle, 114, 143, 146
transparency, 56, 144
IAMC (Integrated Assessment Modelling Consortium), 140, 143–144
ICC (Inuit Circumpolar Council), xii, xxiv, 116, 118, 120–122
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, 120
synthesis report, 124
ice sheet / icecap melting, 109, 164, 183, 185, See also glacier metling
ICSU (International Council for Science, previously International Council of Scientific Unions), 15
IGY (International Geophysical Year, 1957–58), 14
IIASA (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis), 139, 144, 147n
IIPFCC (International Indigenous Peoples Forum on Climate Change), xxiv, 119, 124
IISD (International Institute for Sustainable Development), xxiv
IMAGE (Integrated Model for Assessing the Greenhouse Effect), xxiv, 139, 143
Imagined Communities, by Benedict Anderson, 258
Imagined Democracies, by Yaron Ezrahi, 259
INC (Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee), 11, 17, 43, 199
incommensurability, 171, 176, 263
‘inconvenient truths’, 270
India, 24, 64, 166, 219–222
Indigenous knowledge (IK), 116–124
equitable and ethical engagement, 119–123
expert review stage, 121
Indigenous knowledge holders, 92
key readings on, 124
limits to integration, 171, 176
neglect by assessment process, 116, 120, 151, 265, 268
possible definition, 118
Indigenous Peoples (IP)
incommensurable forms of knowledge, 176
indigenous academics, 124
land stewardship, 117
self organisation and rights, 123
UNPFII (UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues), xxv, 124
inequalities, and acceptance of IPCC reports, 135, 223
influence of the IPCC, 3, 84, 232
integration of risk management, 169–176
integration, interdisciplinary. See also thematic bridges
emphasis in AR6, 169, 174, 176
previously lacking, 110
risk assessment framework, 175
integrative-synthesis mode, 170, 175
Interactive Atlas, 2021, 175, 237
interdisciplinarity, 110, 170, 176
intergovernmental cooperation, 14
intergovernmental status
constraining IPCC development, 270
distinction from international, 13, 16
government involvement, 11, 79–82
as non-prescriptive, 68
promoted by US, 16
International Conference on Climate Risk Management, 2017, 174
international institutions, 35, See also IPBES; UNEP; UNFCCC; WMO
Internet
access and participation, 37
pre-print servers, 97
scenarios published, 140
interventions
number and length in plenary sessions, 85
by observer organisations, 90
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, 120, 124
IP. See Indigenous Peoples
IP caucus. See IIPFCC
IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services)
comparisons with IPCC, 25, 68, 94, 191, 195, 260, 267
comparisons with IPCC, 257
Fellowship programme, 77
as a GEA, 2, 4, 35, 80
joint workshop with IPCC, 270
Rules of procedure for the plenary of the platform, 25
SPM approval process, 191, 195
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
dearth of critical assessments, 3
intergovernmental status, 11, 16
as a knowledge institution, 1, 4
major events in history of, 52
as a model, 4
origins, 1, 11, 14–16, 18, 87
‘IPCC space’, 32
‘IPCC studies’, 3, 19, 262
IPOs (Indigenous Peoples’ Organisations), xxiv, 122, See also ICC
‘irreducible vagueness’, 228
IS92 Emission Scenarios, 40, 139, 143, 145
IS92a scenario, 145
IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature), xxiv, 119
Jannat, Raihanatul, 90n
Janzwood, S., 167, 247
Jasanoff, Sheila
coinage of civic epistemology, 201, 218, 221, 272
coinage of co-production, 254, 260, 272
coinage of constitutional moments, 50
coinage of cosmopolitan knowledge, 224, 272
coinage of knowledge ways, 2, 273
key readings, 18, 224, 260
on sociotechnical imaginaries, 258
Jaspal, R., 241
journals, peer review, 96
judgement uncertainty, 160
Keeling, Charles, 14
key findings, 82, 87, 164
knowledge base, current, of IPCC, 116
knowledge claims, 256
knowledge controversies, 148, 155, 202, 264
knowledge co-production. See also co-productions
brought about by IPCC, 254–255, 260
with IK systems, 120–121, 123
knowledge infrastructure
climate science as, 135
of the modelling community, 127
knowledge institutions
cooperation between, 270
defined, 1
knowledge production
distribution between Global North and South, 265
globalisation, 255
influence on public imagination, 257
organising co-production, 255
role of places, 28
knowledge systems, assumptions, 250
‘knowledge ways’, 2, 254, 273
Kowarsch, Martin, 199, 202, 211
key readings, 95, 205
Kuwait, 195
Kyoto Protocol, 44, 153, 155, 194, 210
Lahn, Bård, 193, 201, 230–231
biography and chapter contribution, xiii, 225
key readings, 216, 232
LAMs (Lead Author Meetings), xxiv, 28–31, 77
eLAMs, 37, 38
Land Use report (Special Report on Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry, SRLULUCF, 2000), 40, 44, 46
land use, neglect by IAMs, 111
language
boundary objects as a common language, 229
calibrated language and the IPCC, 160–165
English language standard, 35, 103
of Indigenous Peoples, 118
‘level-of-understanding’ language, 162
non-native English speakers, 35, 62, 64
Latour, Bruno, 28, 184
LCIPP (Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform), xxiv, 124
Lead Authors (LAs)
competition, 72
publishing advantages, 113
reviews of ZODs, 99
role, 63
skills and competencies, 73, 212
time pressure on, 100, 102–103
learning, modes of
adaptive and reflexive, 50
IPCC as a learning organisation, 58, 148, 155
organisational learning, 50
Leclerc, Olivier, xiii, 19–26
Lee, Hoesung, 44
legal status of IPCC procedures, 20
legitimacy of IPCC
different ways of validating, 218, 222
diversity and, 62, 67
NGO participation and, 94
procedures and, 20, 23–26, 33, 195
‘level-of-understanding’ language, 162
Lidskog, Rolf, 43, 64, 70, 73, 80, 188, 210
biography and chapter contribution, xiv, 207
Lindemer, August, xiv, 244–251
linear models
of IPCC influence, 22, 111, 210, 217
of science communication, 247
Linnér, B.-O., 213, 216
literature. See also STS
assessed by IPCC, xiii, 103
non-peer-reviewed, 24, 98, 116
scientific, use of visuals, 235
litigation, 195
Livingston, Jasmine E., 42, 45
biography and chapter contribution, xiv, 39–47
Livingston and Rummukainen, 45, 81, 200, 211, 230
Livingstone, D., 28
Lorenz, S., 239, 243
Lorenzoni, Irene, xiv, 234–243
Lövbrand, E., 135, 153, 155
low or lower-middle income economies, 66, See also developed and developing
Low, S., 113, 144, 146
‘lowest common denominator’ allegation, 54, 182, 188
LTGGs (long-term global goals), 45
Lynn, J., 243
Maas, T. Y., 88, 94, 204
MacDonald, Joanna Petrasek, xv
Mach, K. J., 161, 165, 168, 183, 200
machine-learning, 103, 135
Mahony, Martin, 3–4, 38, 58, 230, 232, 238
biography and chapter contribution, xiv, 197–205
mandate of the IPCC, 1, 20, 39, 55, 89, 103, 205, 213, 267
concerning SP15, 45, 200
omissions, 72, 74, 78, 91
mandate of Working / Task Groups, 29, 54, 174
‘mapmaker’ role / strategy, 49, 55, 143, 202, 205
Marrakesh Accords, 153
Masson-Delmotte, V., 166
Mastrandrea, M. D., 161–162, 164–165, 168
the ‘Matthew effect’, 113
McMahon, R., 239–240, 243
MEA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment), xxiv, 2
media coverage, 240, 242
meetings. See also conferences
defined, 35
frequency, 28
socialising, 35
venues, 27–32, 173
virtual meetings, 27–38, 38
member governments. See also plenary sessions
approval process, 187–195
delegations including indigenous peoples, 122
eligibility and numbers, 79
ownership of endorsed reports, 187
preventing discussion, 189
review of SODs, 100, 189
methodological scepticism, 96, 98
methodology decisions not deemed legitimate, 56
Methodology Reports
full list, 40–41
Overview Section, 42
Miguel, Jean Carlos Hochsprung, xiv, 217–220
Miller, Clark A., 14, 130, 180–181, 245, 251, 271n
biography and chapter contribution, xv, 253–260
key readings, 224, 260
minority reports, 184–186
MIPs (Model Intercomparison Projects), xxiv, 112, 126
AMIPs and CMIPs, 132
modelling, mathematical. See climate models; earth system models; IAM
Monteiro, Marko, 217–220
Morseletto, P., 229
mortality risk, 152
Moss, R. H., 2, 139, 141, 161, 171
multimedia use, 237
multi-model ensembles, 133
nation states and environental governance, 223
national focal points (NFPs), xxiv, 63
as government functions, 83
importance of location, 86
proposing experts, 21, 83
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Guidelines, 40
Task Force (TFI), 29
the national turn, 212–213
NDCs (Nationally Determined Contributions), 44, 189, 201, 212, 269
Nerlich, N., 241
Net Zero Watch, 251
NETs (Negative Emission Technologies), xxiv, 56, 144, 170, 202, 211, 214, 232, See also BECCS
network organisation, IPCC as, 27, 172
‘neutral arbiter’ role, 232
New York City Panel on Climate Change, 270
NGOs (non-governmental organisations), 88–95
ICC as an example, xii
ICSU as an example, 15
initiatives from, 213
nomination of experts, 91, 93
positions on carbon sinks, 153
types of NGO observer, 90
Nightingale, A. J., 170, 248
Nobel Peace Prize, 2007, xiii, 3, 53, 73
Nocke, T., 237
nuclear power, 212, 214
observer organisations, 29, 63, 88–95
categories, 89
NGO types, 90
observer status, 122
ocean and cryosphere, Special Report on (SROCC, 2019), 41, 121–122
ocean circulation models, 128
OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), 89
oil companies / oil-producing states, 93, 102, 189, 265
O’Neill, B. C. et al., 139, 141, 145, 200, 203, 205
O’Neill, S. J. et al., 81, 111, 114, 240, 251
online meetings, 27
ontological disputes, 151
Oomen, J., 144, 203
Oppenheimer, M., 12, 23, 99, 103, 114, 179, 183, 199, 204
O’Reilly, Jessica, 114, 164, 183, 186
biography and chapter contribution, 159–168
Oreskes, N., 24, 102–103, 114, 130–131, 148, 150, 180, 182, 184, 186
organisational learning, IPCC, 50, 56, 58, 155
outreach initiatives, 29, 100, 193, 237, 244
ozone depletion, 1, 13, 40, 267
Ozone Layer, Special Report on Safeguarding (SROC, 2005), 40
Pachauri, Rajendra, 24, 187, 246
palaeoclimate knowledge, 108, 109, 112
pandemic, COVID-19, 28, 38, 257
Paris Agreement, 2015, 44, See also Global Stocktake; post-Paris
allowing multiplicity of approaches, 269
AR5 WGIII SPM and, 194
the national turn, 212–213
requirement for NETs, 56
Paris Conference (COP21), 2015, 45
participation
by developing countries, 87
distinguished from access, 91, 265
number and length of interventions, 85
in peer review, 97
and perceived legitimacy, 264
reasons for varying levels, 84, 86, 86
by report users, 240, 251
underrepresented groups, 62
participation, public
Global South, in science, 218
Latin America, in decision making, 222
Paterson, Matthew, 70, 73, 80, 85, 112–113, 201
pathways. See also scenarios
as boundary objects, 230
focus of SR15, 212, 214–215
RCPs, 139, 141, 144, 145, 147n
SSPs, 141, 142, 145, 230
PBL (Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency), 143
Pearce, D., 152
Pearce, Warren, 68, 149, 182, 184, 186, 223, 245, 250
biography and chapter contribution, 244–251
Pearman, O., 248, 256
peer review, 96–103
and consensus, 179
ECRs in, 78
gatekeeping function, 98
IPCC’s embracing, 155, 184
limitations, 97
non-peer-reviewed sources, 24, 98, 116
‘performativity’ of forecasts, 202
permafrost, 185
Petersen, Arthur C., 105, 168, 191
Petrasek MacDonald, Joanna, 116–124
philosophers (of science), 110, 132, 159, 179, 195
place, influence of. See venues
placeholder avatars, 66
plenary sessions
analysis of interventions, 85
attendance at first, 82
frequency, 29, 79
locations, 29
and organisational learning, 51
Unesco, 190
virtual, 32
Polar Regions Cross-chapter Paper, 122
policy advice
climate sensitivity and, 226–227, 232
formulation in SR15, 211
whether appropriate, 209, 216
Policy and Process for Admitting Observer Organisations, 20, 92
policy context of reports, 43
‘policy-follower’ states, 223
policy-prescriptiveness
avoiding, 197, 201, 205, 209, 216, 251
government disagreements over, 200
SR15 and, 211
policy-neutral stance of IPCC, 4, 191, 205, 213, 270
policy relevance and, 197, 209
policy relevance, pursuit of, 199, 204, 216
political influence
charges of, 17, 245
as inescapable, 264
a new global politics, 254
process and outcome distinguished, 210
rise of post-truth politics, 58, 257
Polk, M., 113, 164
polycentric climate action, 49, 55, 58, 88, 202, 213, 259
‘possibility space’, 137, 144
post-carbon economy / future, 255, 259
post-Paris context
challenges to IPCC mandate, 56, 216, 267
expectation of solutions, 8, 49, 202, 209, 232, 267
polycentric governance regime, 49, 58, 202, 213
‘post-truth politics’, 58, 257
power asymmetries, 93, 135, 176, 265, 269
Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, 74
Principles governing IPCC work (1998–), 20–21, 63
probability. See also confidence; uncertainties
assessment, 162
low-probablity, high-risk events, 164, 204
probability distributions, 162, 183
procedural irregularities, 120, 150
procedural rules
hampering ethical engagement with IK systems, 120
IPBES, 25
as a model, 25
no guarantee of objectivity, 264
reports review process, 99
as a response to criticism, 23
revisions, 53
status, 20, 263
procedural rules review. See IAC
‘products’ of the IPCC. See also reports
assessment products, 92, 182, 199
key products identified, 254
knowledge products, 81, 86, 243
Protocol for Addressing Possible Errors…, 25
PRSQs (policy-relevant scientific questions), 199
public attitude shifts, 254, 256–257
public health risks from discoveries, 15
public participation. See participation
quality control work, 75–76
radiative forcing
climate sensitivity and, 227, 232n
RCP scenarios and, 141, 142
Special Report on, 40
RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways), 139, 144, 230
RCP2.6, 141, 147n
RCP8.5, 145
‘Reasons for Concern’ framework, 230, 238
reflexive learning / reflexive turn, 50, 55, 58, 250, 260, 268
regional aspects, neglect of, 55, 135, 175, 194, 213, 216, 237, 259
Regional Impacts of Climate Change, Special Report (1997), 40
Regions, Expert Meeting on Assessing Climate Information for, 175
Renewable Energy, Special Report on (2011), 41
reports, IPCC. See also Assessment Reports; Special Reports
acceptance, approval and adoption, 21, 187
accessibility, 241
changing policy context, 43
detachment form their authors, 249
expressing uncertainties, 159
full list for each assessment cycle, 40–41
inclusion of SPMs and TSs, 42
possibility of minority reports, 185–186
production process, 42–43
review process, 96, 99, 99–102
scenarios as ubiquitous, 137
schematic of preparation, 22
scoping meetings, 42, 54, 93, 169, 174, 189
types of consensus statement, 182
types of report,