Table of Cases

M. Cherif  Bassiouni

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511976537.014

Russian Indemnity Case, 1 H.C.R., 532, 541 (1912)

Advisory Opinion on the Consistency of Certain Danzig Legislative Decrees with the Constitution of the Free City, December 4, 1935, 3 PCIJ Series A/B No. 65 (Dec. 4, 1935), at 514

Case of the European Commission of the Danube, 1927 P.C.I.J. (Ser. B) No. 14, at 6.

Chorzów Factory (Claim for Indemnity), 1928 P.C.I.J. (Ser. A) No. 17, at 4, 31, 47.

Electricity Company of Sophia and Bulgaria (Interim Protection), 1944 P.C.I.J. (Ser. A/B) No. 79, at 194, 199

Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations, 1925 P.C.I.J. (Ser. B), No. 11, at 6, 9–10, 25–26 reprinted in 1 World Court Reports 440 (Manley O. Hudson ed., 1969)

German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia, 1925 P.C.I.J. (Ser. A), No. 6, at 4, 6, 19, 22

Greco-Bulgarian Communities, 1930 P.C.I.J. (Ser. B) No. 17, at 4, 32

Legal Status of Eastern Greenland, 1933 P.C.I.J. (Ser. A/B) No. 53, at 22, 68–69

Lighthouses (Judgment), 1934 P.C.I.J. (Ser. A/B) No. 62, at 4, 47

Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions, 1924 P.C.I.J. (ser. A) No. 2, 6, 57–59

Reparations for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations (Advisory Opinion), I.C.J., 174, 177 (1949)

S.S. Lotus, 1927 P.C.I.J. (Ser. A) No. 10, at 4, 21, 31

The S.S. Wimbledon, 1923 P.C.I.J. (ser. A) No. 1, at 25 (1923)

Serbian Loans (Judgment), 1929 P.C.I.J. (Ser. A) Nos. 20/21, at 39–40

Treatment of Polish Nationals in Danzig, 1932 P.C.I.J. (Ser. A/B) No. 44, at 4, 24

Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum v. Zimbabwe, Comm. 245/2002, Annex III, 21st Annual Activity Report, EX.CL/322 (X), ¶ 211

Korbely v. Hungary, ECtHR, Appl. No. 9174/02, Grand Chamber Judgment, Sept. 19, 2008

Musayeva et al. v. Russia, Appl. No. 74239/01, ECtHR, Judgment, ¶¶ 85–86, 116 (July 26, 2007)

Mutimura v. France, Eur. Ct. H.R., Judgment (Merits and just satisfaction), Application No. 46621/99 (2004)

Papon v. France, decision of 15 December 2001

Priebke v. Italy, Eur. Ct. H.R., Application No. 48799/99 (2001)

Tess v. Latvia (dec.), no. 34854/02, 12 Dec. 2002

Touvier v. France, decision of 23 January 1997 (application no. 29420/95)

X. v. Belgique, decision of 20 July 1957 (application no. 268/57), in 1 Yearbook of the European Convention, at 239–41

Damas-Hainah, 4 T.A.M. 801 (1924)

Almonacid-Arellano et al. v. Chile, Judgment, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. C) No. 154, ¶¶ 103, 114 (Sept. 26, 2006)

Bámaca-Velásquez v. Guatemala, Judgment, ¶ 132, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (Ser. C) No. 70

Blake v. Guatemala, Judgment, ¶ 76, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (Ser. C) No. 48

Castillo-Páez v. Peru, Judgment, ¶ 74, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (Ser. C) No. 34

Chumbipuma Aguirre et al. v. Peru (the Barrios Altos case), Judgment of Mar. 14, 2001, ¶¶ 39–41, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (Ser. C) No. 75

Godínez-Cruz v. Honduras, Judgment, ¶ 153, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (Ser. C) No. 5

Goiburú et al. v. Paraguay, Judgment, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. C) No. 153, ¶ 128 (Sept. 22, 2006)

Heliodoro Portugal v. Panama, Preliminary Objections, Merits, Reparations and Costs, Judgment of August 12, 2008, ¶¶ 34, 35 (Ser. C) No. 186

La Cantuta v. Peru, Judgment of 19 Nov. 2006, ¶¶ 114–16, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (Ser. C) No. 162 (2006)

Trujillo-Oroza v. Bolivia, Judgment, ¶¶ 2, 36, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (Ser. C) No. 64

Velásquez-Rodríguez v. Honduras, Judgment of July 29, 1988, ¶ 148, 174, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (Ser. C) No. 4 (1988)

Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on Reservations to the Genocide Convention, 1951 I.C.J. 15

Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)), Preliminary Objections, [1996] I.C.J. Reports 595, ¶¶ 31, 188

Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Congo v. Belg.), at 19 (Order) (Dec. 8, 2000)

Barcelona Traction (Belgium v. Spain) (Judgment), 1970 I.C.J. 1

Case Concerning Right of Passage Over Indian Territory (Merits), (Fernandes, J., dissenting) 1960 I.C.J. 123, 135

Case Concerning the Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro), 2007 I.C.J. 91 (Feb. 26)

Case Concerning the Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Congo v. Belg.), 2002 I.C.J. 121 ¶¶ 13, 15, 17, 19, 54–56, 58–61, 67, 70–71 (Order) (Dec. 8, 2000)

Case Concerning the Temple of Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand) Merits, 1962 ICJ Reports 6, at 23

Case Concerning Trial of Pakistani Prisoners of War (Pakistan v. India), ICJ Pleadings, 3, 6–7

Case Concerning Trial of Pakistani Prisoners of War, ICJ Reports 1973, 347.

Columbian Peruvian Asylum Case (Judgment), (Castilla, J., dissenting) 1950 I.C.J. 359, at 369

International Status of South West Africa, Advisory Opinion (Sep. Op. McNair), 1950 I.C.J. 146, at 148–49

Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa) Notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 (1970), 1971 I.C.J. Reports 16, 66, 79

Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Advisory Opinion of 9 July 2004, 2004 I.C.J. 136, ¶ 112

Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (Advisory Opinion of July 8), U.N. Doc. A/51/218 (1996), reprinted in 35 I.L.M. 809 & 1343 (1996)

Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua (Nicar. v. U.S.), 1986 I.C.J. 14, 331–347 (June 27)

North Sea Continental Shelf (Judgment), (Sep. Op. Ammoun, J.), 1969 I.C.J. 101, at 134

Nottenbohm, 1955 I.C.J. 4, at 22

Right of Passage Over Indian Territory (Portugal v. India), 1960 I.C.J. 123, 140 (Apr. 12)

South West Africa Cases, 1950 I.C.J. 128, 401, 425

South West Africa Cases (Second Phase) (Tanaka, J., dissenting) 1966 I.C.J. 199

Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal, The Nuremberg Judgement (1945–46), pp. 12, 60–64, 84, 98–99, 254, 256, 262, 268, 270, 273, 304, 318–319, 979, 982, 987.

International Military Tribunal for the Far East, 29 April 1946–12 November 1948, The Tokyo War Crimes Trial (Tokyo Judgment), in 2 Friedman 1029–1183 (1972)

The Tokyo Judgments: the International Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE) (Bernard V.A. Röling & C.F. Rüter eds., 1977), pp. 530, 538–539, 1126

The Tokyo Major War Crimes Trial (R. John Prtichard & Sonia Magbanua Zaide eds., 1981), pp. 36–37, 44–47

Prosecutor v. Ademi and Norac, Case No. IT-04-78-PT, Motion by the Prosecutor Under Rule 11 bis (Sept. 2, 2004)

Prosecutor v. Aleksovski, Case No. IT-95-14/1-T, ¶¶ 60–64, 106 (Jun. 25, 1999)

Prosecutor v. Aleksovski, Case No. IT-95-14/1-A, ¶¶ 72, 76 (Mar. 24, 2000)

Prosecutor v. Blagojević & Jokić, Case No. IT-02-60-T, ¶¶ 73, 540–541, 543–545, 547–548, 556, 573, 580, 583, 593–597, 600, 624–628 (Jan. 17, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Blagojević & Jokić, Case No IT-02-60-A, ¶¶ 127, 797 (May 9, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Blaškić, Case No. IT-95-14-T, Judgment, ¶¶ 101, 126, 153, 181–182, 203, 219–219, 227, 234, 243, 257, 279, 294, 303, 307 (March 3, 2000)

Prosecutor v. Blaškić, Case No IT-95-14-A, Judgment, ¶¶ 45, 50, 83, 99–102, 105–106, 117–120, 124, 131, 135, 139, 143, 145–146, 153, 155, 159–160, 164–166, 215, 382–400, 406–408, 421, 484 (July 29, 2004)

Prosecutor v. Bralo, Case No. IT-95-67-T, ¶¶ 53–56 (Dec. 7, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Brđanin, IT-99-36-T, Judgment, ¶¶ 130–131, 134–135, 138, 258, 268–270, 279, 360, 389, 391, 395, 483–484, 486, 489, 539–540, 543, 556, 999, 1029 et seq. (Sept. 4, 2004)

Prosecutor v. Brđanin, IT-99-36-A, Judgment, ¶¶ 296–297, 410–411, 413, 418, 430, 471–472, 476, 484 (Apr. 3, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Delalić et al., Case No. IT-96-21-T, ¶¶ 226, 321, 325–329, 346, 356, 370, 386, 393, 395, 400, 403, 412–413, 439, 468–470, 480 et seq. (Nov. 16, 1998)

Prosecutor v. Delalić et al., Case No. IT-96-21-A, ¶¶ 189–198, 225–226, 238–239, 256, 263, 268, 293, 303, 313–314 (Feb. 20, 2001)

Prosecutor v. Deronjić, Case No. IT-02-61-A, ¶ 109 (Jul. 20, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Erdemović, Case No. IT-96-22, Sentencing Judgment, ¶¶ 51–53 (Nov. 29. 1996)

Prosecutor v. Erdemović, Case No. IT-96-22-T, (Mar. 5, 1998)

Prosecutor v. Erdemović, Case No. IT-06-22-A, Appeals Judgment, ¶¶ 19, 34–36 (Oct. 7, 1997)

Prosecutor v. Furundžija, Case No. IT-95-17/1-T, ¶¶ 59, 162, 185, 207, 227, 238–240, 245, 296 (Dec. 10, 1998)

Prosecutor v. Furundžija, IT-95-17/1-A, ¶ 111 (Jul. 10, 2000)

Prosecutor v. Galić, Case No. IT-98-29-T, ¶¶ 93, 139–143, 146, 148, 152–154, 168 (Dec. 5, 2003)

Prosecutor v. Galić, Case No. IT-98-29-A, ¶ 158 (Nov. 30, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Hadžihasanović & Kubura, Case No. IT-01-47-AR72, Decision on Interlocutory Appeal Challenging Jurisdiction in Relation to Command Responsibility, ¶ 45 (July 16, 2003)

Prosecutor v. Hadžihasanović & Kubura, Case No. IT-01-47-T, ¶ 199 (Mar. 15, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Halilović, Case No. IT-01-48, Judgment, ¶¶ 56, 69, 72–73 (Nov. 16, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Haradinaj et al., Case No. IT-04-84-T, Judgment, ¶¶ 6, 22–29, 118–122, 135–139, 470, 475–478 (Apr. 3, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Haradinaj et al., Case No. IT-04-84-A, Prosecutor's Notice of Appeal, ¶¶ 3–5 (May 1, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Jelisić, Case No IT-95-10-T, ¶¶ 53, 100 (Dec. 14, 1999)

Prosecutor v. Jelisić, Case No IT-95-10-A, ¶ 48 (July 5, 2001)

Prosecutor v. Karadžić, Case No. IT-95-5/18-PT, Motion to Amend the First Indictment (Sept. 22, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Karadžić, Case No. IT-95-5/18-PT, Third Amended Indictment (Feb. 27, 2009)

Prosecutor v. Kordić & Čerkez, Case No. IT-95-14/2-T, ¶¶ 179, 185, 192, 205, 207, 269, 302–303, 427, 443, 445–446, 514–520 (Feb. 26, 2001)

Prosecutor v. Kordić & Čerkez, Case No. IT-95-14/2-A, ¶¶ 26–28, 30, 81, 93–96, 98–99, 101–106, 108–111, 116–117, 151, 205, 386, 572–573, 671–672, 715, 827, 950 (Dec. 17, 2004)

Prosecutor v. Krajišnik, Case No IT-00-39-T, ¶¶ 716, 720 (Sept. 27, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Krnojelac, Case No IT-97-25-T, ¶¶ 114–115, 119–122, 130–132, 144, 179, 180, 182, 184–186, 219, 329, 431, 435, 438–443, 473–474, 476 (Mar. 15, 2002)

Prosecutor v. Krnojelac, Case No. IT-97-25-A, ¶¶ 51, 96, 163, 184–185, 218, 221–224, 229 (Sept. 17, 2003)

Prosecutor v. Krstić, Case No IT-98-33-T, Judgment, ¶¶ 79, 84, 328–331, 361, 426, 485, 501, 503, 505, 521, 528–530, 601–602, 625, 687 (Aug. 2, 2001)

Prosecutor v. Krstić, Case No IT-98-33-A, Judgment, ¶¶ 2, 45, 47, 61, 100, 134, 137, 218, 223, 229, 231, 268 (Apr. 19, 2004)

Prosecutor v. Kunarac et al., Case No. IT-96-23-T & IT-96-23/1-T, Judgment, ¶¶ 392, 399, 410, 413, 431, 458, 460, 471, 476, 488–497, 501, 539–543, 583, 626–629 (February 22, 2001)

Prosecutor v. Kunarac et al., Case No. IT-96-23/1-A, Judgment, ¶¶ 27–43, 82–83, 86, 90–92, 95–99, 102–103, 117, 121, 127–129, 148, 150–151, 155, 417 (Jun. 12, 2002)

Prosecutor v. Kupreškić et al., Case No. IT-95-16-T, Judgment, ¶¶ 27, 515–520, 530, 533, 535, 546, 556–557, 563, 567–568, 607, 614–615, 619, 631, 636 (Jan. 14, 2000)

Prosecutor v. Kvočka et al., Case No. IT-98-30/1-T, Judgment, ¶¶ 138–139, 141, 143, 148, 177, 186, 246, 314, 342, 410–412, 496 (Nov. 2, 2001)

Prosecutor v. Kvočka et al., IT-98-30/1-A, Judgment, ¶¶ 186, 283, 320–323, 366, 394–395, 435, 460, 715, 731 (Feb. 28, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Limaj et al., Case No. IT-03-66-T, Judgment, ¶¶ 180–183, 185, 187–190, 193, 195–204, 509, 513–515, 525–527, 552 (Nov. 30, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Lukić & Lukić, Case No. IT-98-32/1-PT, Decision on Prosecutor Motion Seeking Leave to Amend the Second Amended Indictment and on Prosecution Motion to Include U.N. Security Council Resolution 1820 (2008) as Additional Supporting Material to Proposed Third Amended Indictment as well as on Milan Lukic's Request for Reconsideration or Certification of the Pre-Trial Judge's Order of 19 June 2008, ¶¶ 57–64 (Jul. 8, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Lukić & Lukić, Case No IT-98-32/1-T, ¶¶ 903, 938, 959–960, 1115–1120 (Jul. 20, 2009)

Prosecutor v. Martić, Rule 61 Decision, Case No. IT-95-11-R61, ¶¶ 15–18 (Mar. 8, 1996)

Prosecutor v. Martić, Case No IT-95-11-T, Judgment, ¶¶ 58–60, 62–63, 82, 84–85, 87, 111, 113, 116, 119–121, 302, 404, 465–468 (Jun. 12, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Martić, Case No. IT-95-11-A, Judgment, ¶¶ 82, 111, 212, 263, 265–267, 269, 527 (Oct. 8, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Dragomir Milošević, Case No IT-98-29/1-T, Judgment, ¶ 935 (Dec. 12, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Milosević, Case No. IT-99-37-PT, Second Amended Indictment, ¶ 16 (Oct. 29, 2001)

Prosecutor v. Milošević, Case No. IT-02-54-T, Decision on Preliminary Motions, ¶ 25 (November 8, 2001)

Prosecutor v. Milosević, Case No. IT-01-51-1, Initial Indictment, ¶¶ 5–6 (Nov. 22, 2001)

Prosecutor v. Milosević, Case No. IT-02-54-T, First Amended Indictment, ¶ 6 (Oct. 23, 2002)

Prosecuter v. Milošević, Case No. IT-99-37, Indictment and Decision on Review of Indictment and Application for Consequential Orders (24 May 1999)

Prosecutor v. Milutinović et al., Case No. IT-05-87-T, ¶ 94 (Feb. 26, 2009)

Prosecutor v. Mrkšić et al., Case No IT-95-13-R61, Review of Indictment Pursuant to Rule 61 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, ¶¶ 29, 30 (Apr. 3, 1996)

Prosecutor v. Mrkšić et al., Case No. IT-95-13/1-T, Judgment, ¶¶ 558, 560 (Sept. 27, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Naletilić & Martinović, IT-98-34-T, ¶¶ 233, 235–236, 338 (Mar. 31, 2003)

Prosecutor v. Naletilić & Martinović, IT-98-34-A, ¶¶ 435 (May 6, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Naletilić & Martinović, IT-98-34-A, Judge Schomburg's Dissenting Opinion, ¶ 24 (May 6, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Orić, Case No. IT-03-68-T, ¶¶ 335, 490, 565–572, 574–575, 578 (June 30, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Orić, Case No. IT-03-68-A, ¶¶ 167 (July 3, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Šainović et al., Case No. IT-99-37-AR72, Decision on Dragoljub Ojdanic's Motion Challenging Jurisdiction: Joint Criminal Enterprise, ¶¶ 23–24, 26, 37, 165, 303 (May 21, 2003)

Prosecutor v. Šainović et al., Case No. IT-99-37-T, ¶¶ 137–139, 165, 172, 303 (Feb. 26, 2009)

Prosecutor v. Šešelj, Case No. IT-03-67, Decision on Motion for Reconsideration of the “Decision on the Interlocutory Appeal Concerning Jurisdiction” Dated 31 August 2004, ¶ 21 (Jun. 15, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Sikirica et al., Case No IT-95-8-T, Judgment on Defence Motions to Acquit, ¶ 62 (Sept. 3, 2001)

Prosecutor v. Simić et al., Case No IT-95-9-T, ¶¶ 37, 41–43, 64–65, 74–76, 82, 123–26, 129, 149 (Oct. 17, 2003)

Prosecutor v. Simić et al., Case No. IT-95-9-A, ¶¶ 22, 82, 177 (Nov. 28, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Stakić, Case No. IT-97-24-T, ¶¶ 433, 438–439, 443, 461, 528, 618, 621, 624–625, 653–654, 719, 723, 733, 757 (2003)

Prosecutor v. Stakić, Case No. IT-97-24, ¶¶ 90, 229, 242, 259–260, 278–279 307, 317, 327 (Mar. 22, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Radovan Stanković, Case No. IT-96-23/2-AR11bis, Decision on Rule11bis Referral, at ¶ 16 (Sept. 1, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Strugar, Case No. IT-01-42, Judgment, ¶¶ 331, 349, 362, 365, 368–369, 372–373 (Jan. 31, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Tadić, Case No IT-94-1-AR 72, Decision on the Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, ¶ 70 (Oct. 2, 1995)

Prosecutor v. Tadić, Case No. IT-94-1-T, ¶¶ 248, 283, 373, 568, 622, 626–628, 638, 648–650, 654–657, 674, 692, 694, 707, 710, 713, 715, 717, 729 (May 7, 1997)

Prosecutor v. Tadić, Case No. IT-94-1-T, Sentencing Judgment, ¶ 57 (July 14, 1997)

Prosecutor v. Tadić, Case No. IT-94-1-A, ¶¶ 113, 115, 162, 183, 187–220, 223, 229, 232, 248, 249, 251–252, 270, 272, 288, 293, 299 (Jul. 15, 1999)

Prosecutor v. Vasiljević, Case No. IT-98-32-T, ¶¶ 63, 99, 201, 229, 234–236, 246 (Nov. 29, 2002)

Prosecutor v. Vasiljević, Case No. IT-96-32-A, ¶¶ 94–102, 113 (Feb. 25, 2004)

Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, ¶¶ 344, 480, 545, 578, 580–582, 589, 591, 594, 688, 693 (Sept. 2, 1998)

Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-A, ¶¶ 466, 468 (Jun. 1, 2001)

Prosecutor v. Bagilishema, Case No. ICTR-95-1A-T, ¶¶ 30, 77, 86, 91–92 (Jun. 7, 2001)

Prosecutor v. Bagosora et al., ICTR-98-41-T, Decision on Motion for Judgment of Acquittal (TC), ¶ 25 (Feb. 2, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Bagosora et al., Case No ICTR-98-41-T, ¶ 2165–2166, 2191, 2274 (Dec. 18, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Bisengimana, Case No. ICTR-00-60-T, ¶¶ 41, 48, 54, 57 (Apr. 13, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Bikindi, Case No. ICTR-01-72-T, ¶ 398, 428 (Dec. 2, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Bucyibaruta, Case No. ICTR-2005-85-I, Decision on the Prosecutor's Rule 11 bis Request for the Referral of Laurent Bucyibaruta's Indictment to France (Nov. 20, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Gacumbitsi, Case No. ICTR-01-64-T, ¶¶ 224, 244, 271, 279, 297, 300–302, 327–328, 330 (Jun. 17, 2004)

Prosecutor v. Gacumbitsi, Case No. ICTR-01-64-A, ¶¶ 84, 86, 100, 102, 143, 181–182 (Jul. 7, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Kajelijeli, Case No. ICTR-98-44A-T, ¶¶ 761–762, 864, 869–870, 873–874, 880–881, 932

Prosecutor v. Kambanda, Case No. ICTR 97-23-T, ¶¶ 39 (Sept. 4, 1998)

Prosecutor v. Kambanda, Case No. ICTR-97-23-A (Oct. 19, 2000)

Prosecutor v. Kamuhanda, Case No. ICTR-95-54A-T, ¶¶ 592–593, 657 (Jan. 22, 2004)

Prosecutor v. Karemera et al., Case No. ICTR-98-44-T, Decision on Defense's Preliminary Motions Challenging Jurisdiction: Joint Criminal Enterprise, ¶¶ 12, 43 (May 11, 2004)

Prosecutor v. Karera, ICTR-01–74-T (Dec. 7, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Kayishema & Ruzindana, Case No. ICTR-95-1-T, ¶¶ 123–124, 127, 133–134, 154, 577 (May 21, 1999)

Prosecutor v. Mpambara, Case No ICTR-01-65-T, ¶¶ 11, 13–14, 38–40, 76, 113, 164 (Sept. 11, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Muhimana, Case No. ICTR-95-1B-T, ¶¶ 504, 525, 527–528 (Apr. 28, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Muhimana, Case No. ICTR-95-1B-A, ¶ 189 (May 21, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Munyakazi, Case No. ICTR-97-36-R11bis, Decision on the Prosecution's Appeal Against Decision on Referral Under Rule 11 bis, ¶¶ 20, 26–31, 37–39 (Oct. 8, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Munyeshyaka, Case No. ICTR-2005-87-I, Decision on the Prosecutor's Rule 11 bis Request for the Referral of Wenceslas Munyeshyaka's Indictment to France (Nov. 20, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Munyeshyaka, Case No. ICTR-2005-87-I, Indictment (Jul. 24, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Musema, Case No ICTR-96-13-T, ¶¶ 119, 180, 204, 206–207, 226 (Jan. 27, 2000)

Prosecutor v. Musema, Case No. ICTR-96-13-A, ¶¶ 361 (Nov. 16, 2001)

Prosecutor v. Muvunyi, Case No. ICTR-55A-T, ¶¶ 79, 463, 511, 513 (Sept. 12, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Nahimana et al., Case No ICTR-01-74-T, ¶¶ 22, 1061, 1072–1076 (Dec. 3, 2003)

Prosecutor v. Nahimana et al., Case No. ICTR-01-74-A, ¶¶ 478–482, 484, 660, 918, 920, 922, 976, 985–986 (Nov. 28, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Nchamihigo, Case No. ICTR-01-63-T, ¶ 340 (Nov. 12, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Ndindabahizi, ICTR-01-71-I-A, Judgment, ¶ 122, 516 (Jan. 16, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Niyitegeka, Case No ICTR-96-14, ¶¶ 459, 465 (May 16, 2003)

Prosecutor v. Ntagerura et al., ICTR-99-46-T, ¶¶ 5, 12–13, 313, 649–650, 654, 700–703, 745 (Feb. 25, 2004)

Prosecutor v. Ntagerura et al., ICTR-99-46-A, ¶¶ 365, 370 (Jul. 7, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Ntagerura et al., Case No. ICTR-99-46-A28 (May 15, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Ntakirutimana, Cases Nos. ICTR-96-10 and ICTR-96-17-T, ¶ 812 (Feb. 21, 2003)

Prosecutor v. Ntakirutimana, Cases Nos. ICTR-96-10-A and ICTR-96-17-A, ¶¶ 462, 466, 468–484, 516, 522 (Dec. 13, 2004)

Prosecutor v. Ntuyahaga, Case No. ICTR-98-40-I, Indictment (September 28, 1998)

Prosecutor v. Ntuyahaga, Case No. ICTR-98-40-I, Decision on the Prosecutor's Motion to Withdraw the Indictment (Mar. 18, 1999)

Prosecutor v. Nzabirinda, Case No. ICTR-2001-77-T, ¶¶ 20, 22–24 (Feb. 23, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Renzaho, Case No ICTR-97-31-T, ¶ 786 (Jul. 14, 2009)

Prosecutor v. Ruggiu, Case No. ICTR-97-32-1-T, ¶ 20 (Jun. 1, 2000)

Prosecutor v. Rutaganda, Case No. ICTR-96-3-T, ¶¶ 37, 69, 72, 389–391, 416, 439 (Dec. 6, 1999)

Prosecutor v. Rutaganira, Case No. ICTR-95-1C-T, ¶¶ 48, 161 (Mar. 14, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Rwamakuba, Case No ICTR-98-44C, Appeals Decision on Interlocutory Appeals, ¶¶ 9–30 (Oct. 22, 2004)

Prosecutor v. Rwamakuba, Case No. ICTR-96-44C-T, ¶ 1 (Sept. 20, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Semanza, Case No. ICTR-97-20-T, ¶¶ 326, 329, 339–340, 343–345, 468–469, 471 (May 15, 2002)

Prosecutor v. Semanza, Case No. ICTR-97-20-A, ¶¶ 149, 268 (May 20, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Seromba, Case No. ICTR-2001-66-I, ¶¶ 302–303, 354, 356, 358–360 (Dec. 13, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Seromba, Case No. ICTR-2001-66-A, ¶¶ 44, 175, 189, 201–202 (Mar. 12, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Simba, Case No. ICTR-01-76-T, ¶¶ 386–396, 411–419, 420–426 (Dec. 13, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Zigiranyirazo, Case No. ICTR-01-73-T, ¶¶ 6, 382, 389, 394, 407–408, 430 (Dec. 18, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Brima et al., SCSL-04-16-T, Decision on Defence Motions for Judgment of Acquittal Pursuant to Rule 98 ¶ 42 (Mar. 31, 2006)

Prosecutor v. Brima et al., Case No. SCSL-04-16-T, ¶ 713 (June 20, 2007) (Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC))

Prosecutor v. Brima et al., Case No. SCSL-2004-16-A, ¶¶ 190, 196–203, 242–243, 711 (Feb. 22, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Brima et al., Case No. SCSL-2004-16-A, Doherty Opinion, ¶¶ 31–32, 48–51 (Feb. 22, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Brima et al., Case No. SCSL-2004-16-A, Sebutinde Opinion, ¶ 15 (Feb. 22, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Fofana and Kondewa, Case No. SCSL-04-14-T, ¶¶ 111, 114, 119, 231, 693 (Aug. 2, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Fofana, Case No. SCSL-04-14-A, ¶¶ 247, 261–264, 299–300, 303–306, 322 (May 28, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Sesay, Kallon, and Gbao, SCSL-04-15-T, ¶¶ 76–80, 89–90 (Mar. 2, 2009)

Prosecutor v. Taylor, Case No. SCSL-2003-13-1, Indictment, ¶¶ 23–25 (Mar. 7, 2003)

Prosecutor v. Taylor, Case No. 2003-01-I, Decision on Immunity from Jurisdiction, ¶ 35 (May 31, 2004)

Prosecutor v. Taylor, Case No. SCSL-2003-01-PT, Second Amended Indictment (May 29, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Taylor, Case No. SCSL-2003-01-T (2007)

Civil Parties' Co-Lawyers' Request for Supplementary Preliminary Investigations, Case No. 001/18-07-2007-ECCC/TC, ¶¶ 28–30, 32 (Feb. 9, 2009)

Kaing Guek Eav (“Duch”), Case No. 002/14–08-2006/ECCC/OCP, Public Information by the Co-Prosecutors Pursuant to Rule 54 Concerning Their Rule 66 Final Submission Regarding Kaing Guek Eav alias “Duch” (July 18, 2008)

Kaing Guek Eav (“Duch”), Case No. 002/14-08-2006, Closing Order Indicting Kaing Guek Eav alias Duch, ¶¶ 153–156, 159–161 (Aug. 8, 2008)

Kaing Guek Eav (“Duch”), Case No. 001/18-07-2007-ECCC/OCIJ, Co-Prosecutors' Appeal of the Closing Order Against Kaing Guek Eav “Duch” Dated August 8, 2008, ¶¶ 24–28, 48 (Sept. 5, 2008)

Kaing Guek Eav (“Duch”), Case No. 001/18-07-2007-ECCC/OCIJ, Invitation to Amicus Curiae, ¶ 4 (Sept. 23, 2008)

Kaing Guek Eav (“Duch”), Case No. 001/18-07-ECCC-OCIJ, Ieng Sary's Expedited Request to Make Submissions on the Application of Joint Criminal Liability in the Co-Prosecutors' Appeal of the Closing Order Against Kaing Guek Eav “Duch”, ¶ 1 (Sept. 15, 2008)

Kaing Guek Eav (“Duch”), Case No. 001/18-07-2007-ECCC-OCIJ, Ieng Sary's Motion to Disqualify Professor Antonio Cassese and Selected Members of the Board of Editors and Editorial Committee of the Journal of International Criminal Justice from Submitting a Written Amicus Curiae Brief on the Issue of Joint Criminal Enterprise in the Co-Prosecutor's Appeal of the Closing Order Against Kaing Guek Eav (“Duch”) (Oct. 3, 2008)

Kaing Guek Eav (“Duch”), Case No. 001/18-07-2007-ECCC/OCIJ, Decision on Ieng Sary's Request to Make Submissions on the Application of the Theory of Joint Criminal Enterprise in the Co-Prosecutor's Appeal of the Closing Order against Kaing Guek Eav “Duch”, ¶¶ 10, 135, 137–142, 154 (Oct. 6, 2008)

Kaing Guek Eav (“Duch”), Case No. 001/18-07-2007-ECCC/OCIJ, Decision on Ieng Sary's Motion to Disqualify Amicus Curiae, ¶ 6 (Oct. 14, 2008)

Kaing Guek Eav (“Duch”), Case No. 001/18-07-2007-ECCC/OCIJ, Amicus Curiae Brief of Professor Cassese and Members of the Journal of International Criminal Justice on Joint Criminal Enterprise Doctrine (Oct. 27, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Bahr Idriss Abu Garda, ICC Case No. ICC-02/05-02/09

Prosecutor v. Ahmad Muhammad Harun (“Ahmad Harun”) and Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al-Rahman (“Ali Kushayb”), Case No. 02/05-01/07-2, Warrant of arrest for Ahmad Harun (Apr. 27, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Ahmad Muhammad Harun (“Ahmad Harun”) and Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al-Rahman (“Ali Kushayb”), Case No. ICC-02/05-01/07-3, Warrant of Arrest for Ali Kushayb (Apr. 27, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, Case No ICC-02/05-01/09, Warrant of arrest for Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir (Mar. 4, 2009)

Prosecutor v. Bemba Gombo, Case No ICC-01/05-01/08-15, Decision on the confirmation of charges, ¶¶ 132, 183, 193–195 (Jun. 15, 2009)

Prosecutor v. Katanga & Chui, Case No ICC-01/04-01/07, Decision on the confirmation of charges, ¶¶ 287, 421, 423, 438–441, 450–453, 455, 485, 488, 492 (Sept. 30, 2008)

Prosecutor v. Kony, Otti, Odhiambo and Ongwen, Decision of the Pre-Trial Chamber II, Case No. ICC-02/04-01/05-248 (Jul. 11, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Kony, Otti, Odhiambo and Ongwen, Case No. ICC-02/04-01/05-57, Warrant of arrest for Joseph Kony (Sept. 27, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Kony, Otti, Odhiambo and Ongwen, Case No. ICC-02/04-01/05-57, Warrant of arrest for Dominic Ongwen (Jul. 8, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Kony, Otti, Odhiambo and Ongwen, Case No. ICC-02/04-01/05-54, Warrant of arrest for Vincent Otti (Jul. 8, 2005)

Prosecutor v. Mbarushimana, Case No. ICC-01/04-01/10, Warrant for Arrest (Sept. 28, 2010)

Prosecutor v. Lubanga, Case No ICC-01/04-01/06, Decision on the Confirmation of Charges, ¶¶ 361–365, 367 (Jan. 29, 2007)

Prosecutor v. Ntaganda, Case No. ICC-01/04-02/06-2, Warrant of Arrest issued by Pre-Trial Chamber I (Aug. 22, 2006)

Situation in the Republic of Kenya, Case No. ICC-01/09, Decision Pursuant to Article 15 of the Rome Statute on the Authorization of an Investigation into the Situation in the Republic of Kenya, ¶¶ 56, 67-68, 90, 93, 115-28 (Mar. 31, 2010)

U.S. v. Alstötter (the Justice case), reprinted in VI Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals 1, 34, 45, 47 (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1948); U.S. v. Altstötter et al. (the Justice case), reprinted in III Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10 954–1201 (U.S. GPO, 1951)

U.S. v. Karl Brandt et al. (the Medical case), reprinted in I Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10 193–94, 212–13 (Washington, DC: GPO, 1951)

Trial of Friedrich Flick and Five Others (the Flick case), IX Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals 1, 18, 24–28 (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1948); U.S. v. Flick (the Flick case), reprinted in VI Trials of War Criminals before Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10 (U.S. GPO, 1951), at 47, 1187, 1217, 1222, 1438

Trial of Carl Krauch and Twenty-Two Others (the I.G. Farben case), X Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals 1, 56, 75 (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1949); U.S. v. Carl Krauch et al. (the Farben case), reprinted in VIII Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals Under Control Council Law No. 10 (Washington, D.C: GPO, 1949), at 955, 1108, 1128, 1168–69, 1171–72, 1179

Trial of Alfried Felix Alwyn Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach and Eleven Others (the Krupp case), reprinted in X Law Reports Trials of War Criminals 69, 131 (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1949); U.S. v. Krupp et al. (the Krupp case), IX Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10 (Washington, DC: GPO, 1949-1953), at 1436, 1443–1444

Trial of Wilhelm List et al. (the Hostages case), reprinted in XI Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10 (Washington, DC: GPO, 1947–51). 765–766, 841, 867, 1207–1209, 1248–1250, 1271, 1323

Trial of Erhard Milch (the Milch case), VII Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals 27, 42 (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1947)

U.S. v. Ohlendorf (the Einsatzgruppen case), reprinted in IV Trials of War Criminals before Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10 (U.S. GPO, 1951), at 411–589, 765–66, 841, 867, 1207–09, 1248–51

U.S. v. Pohl et al. (the Pohl case), V Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10 (U.S. GPO, 1951), at 958–1163, 1173

U.S. v. Wilhelm von Leeb et al. (the High Command case), XII Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals 1, 68–69, 71–73 (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1950); U.S. v. Wilhelm von Leeb et al. (the Hostages case), reprinted in XI Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law no. 10 482, 511–12, 543–44, 555, 597–600, 631–32, 1239 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1949)

U.S. v. Von Weizsäcker et al. (the Ministries case), XIV Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10 (Washington, DC: GPO, 1949–1953), at 10, 322

Trial of Takashi Sakai, Chinese War Crimes Military Tribunal of the Ministry of National Defense, Nanking (Aug. 29, 1946), reprinted in XIV L. Rept. Trials War Crim. 1–2, 7 (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1949)

CSJN, 24/8/2004, “Arancibia Clavel s/ homicidio calificado y asociación ilicita y otros”

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Tribunal Oral en lo Criminal Federal Posadas [Oral Federal Criminal Tribunal of Posadas], 16/10/2009, “Caggiano Tedesco y Beltrametti v. Argentina s/ privación ilegitima de la libertad, tortura, seguida de muerte”

Tribunal Oral en lo Criminal Federal Corrientes [Oral Federal Criminal Tribunal of Corrientes], 6/8/2008, “De Marchi et al. s/ tormentos agravados, privación ilegitima de la libertad”

Tribunal Oral Federal de Mar del Plata [Oral Federal Tribunal of Mar del Plata], 3/7/2009, “Duret y Mansilla v. Argentina”

Tribunal Oral Federal de La Plata (Juzg. Fed.) [Federal Court of La Plata], 19/9/2006, “Estado v. Etchecolatz, Miguel/juzgado penal”

Cámara Nacional de Casacion Penal (C.N.C.P.) [highest federal court on criminal Court appeals], 18/5/2007, “Etchecolatz, Miguel Osvaldo/recursos de casacion e inconstitucionalidad”

CSJN, 17/2/2009, “Etchecolatz, Miguel Osvaldo/recurso extraordinario”

Tribunal Oral en lo Criminal Federal n° 5 [Federal Criminal Oral Tribunal n° 5], 18/7/2008, “Gallone y otros v. Argentina, Causa No. 1.223”

Tribunal Oral en lo Criminal Federal N° 1 de Córdoba [Córdoba Federal Criminal Oral Tribunal N° 1], 24/7/2008, “Menéndez, Luciano B. et al. v. Argentina, Causa Brandalisis, Humberto H. y otros s/ averiguación de ilícito”

Juzgado Federal (Juzg. Fed.) [lower federal court of Buriloche], 31/5/1995, “Priebke, Erich v. Argentina / solicitud de extradición”

Cámara Federal de Apelaciones General Roca (CFed.) [federal court of appeals of General Roca], 23/8/1995, “Priebke, Erich v. Argentina / solicitud de extradición”

Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación (CSJN) [highest court on constitutional and federal matters], 2/11/1995, “Priebke, Erich v. Argentina / solicitud de extradición”

Tribunal Oral en lo Criminal Federal No. 1 de San Martín [Federal Criminal Tribunal de San Martín], 12/8/2009, “Riveros y otros v. Argentina / Causa de Floreal Edgardo Avellaneda y otros” (convicting General Santiago Riveros and five others)

Juzgado Nacional en lo Criminal y Correccional Federal N° 4 (Juzg. Fed.) [lower federal court], 6/3/2001, “Causa Nro. 8686/2000 caratulada Simón, Julio, Del Cerro, Juan Antonio s/ sustracción de menores de 10 años”

CSJN, 14/6/2005, “Recurso de hecho Simón, Julio Héctor y otros s/ privación ilegitima de la libertad, etc. Causa No. 17.768C.”

Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Criminal y Correccional Federal de Buenos Aires (CFed.) [federal court of appeals criminal division of Buenos Aires], 9/12/1985, “Causa n° 13/84 (Juicio a las Juntas Militares)”

CSJN, 30/12/1986, “Causa no. 13/84”

Juzg. Fed. de la Plata, 1/11/2007, “Von Wernich, Christian F. v. Argentina”

Oberstergerichtshof, 13 July 1994

Ministério Público Federal [Office of the Prosecutor], Herzog, Vladimir, Promogao de arquivamento n° 1.34.001.001574/2008–17, Proceedings to file case, 12 September 2008

Trial of S.S. Brigadeführer Kurt Meyer (the Abbaye Ardenne case), reprinted in IV Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals 43 (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1951

Blanco v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), [2003] 4 F.C. D-57

Chen v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), [2001] F.C.T. 564

Regina v. Finta, 50 C.C.C. (3d) 247, 61 D.L.R. 85 (1989)

Regina v. Finta, 92 D.L.R. 4th 1, 84, Ontario Court of Appeal, 1992

Regina v. Finta, 1992, 1 S.C.R. 701

Guardado v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), Order of 14 April 1998 by Max Teitelbaum, IMM-1889–97

Moreno v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration), Federal Court of Canada, Court of Appeal, 1994 1 F.C. 298, 14 September 1993

Mugesera et al. v Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, IMM-5946-98, 10 May 2001, Federal Court of Canada, Trial Division

R. v. Munyaneza, Quebec Superior Court (Criminal Chamber), Indictment (October 7, 2005)

R. v. Munyaneza, Quebec Superior Court (Criminal Chamber), Judgment (May 22, 2009)

R. v. Munyaneza, Quebec Superior Court (Criminal Chamber), Sentence (Oct. 29, 2009)

Sivakumar v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration), Federal Court of Canada, Court of Appeal, 1994 1 F.C. 433, 4 November 1993

Zazai v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), [2003] F.C. D-47

C.S.J., Sala Penal, 13 Diciembre 2006, “Caso Molco”, Rol. N° 559-2004

Corte Suprema de Justicia (C.S.J.) [Supreme Court], Sala Penal, 8 Julio 2010, “Sentencia definitive por homicidios de General (R) Prats y Sofía Cuthbert,” Rol. N° 2596–2009

Special Prosecutor v. Col. Mengistu Hailamariam et al., File No. 1/87, Ethiopian Federal High Court, Dec. 6, 2006

Fédération Nationale des Déportes et Internes Résistants et Patriots v. Barbie, Gaz. Pal. Jus. 710 (Cass. CIM. Oct. 6, 1983)

Fédération Nationale des Déportes et Internes Résistants et Patriots v. Barbie, Judgment of Oct. 6, 1983, Cass. CIM., 1984 D.S. Jus. 113, Gaz. Pal. Nos. 352–54 (Dec. 18–20, 1983), 1983 J.C.P. II G, No. 20,107, J.D.I. 779 (1983)

Fédération Nationale des Déportes et Internes Résistants et Patriots v. Barbie, Judgment of Jan. 26, 1984, Cass. CIM., 1984 J.C.P. II G, No. 20,197 (Note Ruzié), J.D.I. 308 (1984)

Fédération Nationale des Déportes et Internes Résistants et Patriots v. Barbie, Judgment of Dec. 20, 1985, Cass. CIM., 1986 J.C.P. II G, No. 20,655, 1986 J.D.I.

Fédération Nationale des Déportes et Internes Résistants et Patriots v. Barbie, Judgment of June 3, 1988, Cass. CIM., 1988 J.C.P. II G, No. 21,149 (Report of Counselor Angevin)

Fédération Nationale des Déportes et Internes Résistants et Patriots v. Barbie, Judgment of Feb. 6, 1975, Cass. CIM., 1975 D.S. Jus. 386, 387 (Report of Counselor Chaoan), 1975 Gaz. Pal. Nos. 124–26 (May 4–6, 1975)

Fédération Nationale des Déportes et Internes Résistants et Patriots v. Barbie, Judgment of Oct. 27, 1975 Chambre d'accusation de la cour d'appel de Paris, 1976 D.S. Jus. 260 (Note Coste-Floret), 1976 Gaz. Pal. Nos. 154–55

Fédération Nationale des Déportes et Internes Résistants et Patriots v. Barbie, Judgment of June 30, 1976, Cass. CIM., 1977 D.S. Jus. 1, 1976 Gaz. Pal. Nos. 322, 323, 1976 J.C.P. II G, No. 18,435

Fédération Nationale des Déportes et Internes Résistants et Patriots v. Barbie, Judgment of Nov. 27, 1992, Cass. CIM., 1993 J.C.P. II G, No. 21,977

Fédération Nationale des Déportes et Internes Résistants et Patriots v. Barbie, Judgment of Apr. 13, 1992, Cour d'appel de Paris, Premiére chambre d'accusation, at 133–62, reprinted in part in 1992 Gaz. Pal. 387, 387–417

Fédération Nationale des Déportes et Internes Résistants et Patriots v. Barbie, Judgment of June 2, 1993, Cour d'appel de Versailles, Premiére chambre d'accusation 31

Papon, Judgment of Sept. 18, 1996, Chambre d'accusation de la cour d'appel de Bordeaux (unpublished)

Papon, Judgment of Jan. 23, 1997, Cass. Crim., 1997 J.C.P. II G, No. 22,812

In re Munyeshyaka, 1998 Bull. crim., No. 2, at 3. French Cour de cassation, Criminal Chamber, January 6, 1998

Sobanski v. Boudarel, Cass. crim., Apr. 1, 1993 (Fr.)

Case against R. Melka et al. (Auschwitz concentration camp), Bundesgerichtshof in Justiz und NS-Verbrechen, Vol. XX, pp. 838 et seq.

Nikola Jorgić, Oberlandesgericht Düsseldorf [Higher Regional Court at Düsseldorf], Judgment, 26 September 1997

Bundesgerichtshof, Urteil vom 21 February 2000 – 3 StR 372/00 [Federal Supreme Court], Judgment, 30 April 1999

Bavarian Appeals Court, Judgment, 21 February 2000

District Court Düsseldorf, Urteil Hackmann u.a., XVII 1/75, v. I, pp. 65f

Dover Castle, 4 June 1921, 16 Am. J. Int'l L. 704, 721–723 (1922)

Llandovery Castle, 16 July 1921, 16 Am. J. Int'l L. 707–708 (1922)

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The State of Israel v. Ivan (John) Demjanjuk, Criminal Case Jerusalem 373/86

Ivan (John) Demjanjuk v. The State of Israel, Criminal Appeal 347/88

Corte di Cassazione, en banc No. 5044/04 on March 11, 2004, and published March 16, 2004.

Rome Military Tribunal, Kappler et al., Judgment of 20 July 1948, No. 631, in Foro penale 1948, 603–622

Supreme Military Tribunal, Kappler (Appeal), 25 October 1952, No. 1714, in RDI 1953, 193–9

Lagos v. Baggianini (1953), 22 I.L.R. 533, 534 (1955) (Tribunal of Rome)

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Court of Cassation, Priebke, decision of 15 October 1996

Rome Military Tribunal, Hass and Priebke, Judgment of 22 July 1997

Military Court of Appeal, Hass and Priebke, Judgment of 7 March 1998

Supreme Court of Cassation, Priebke, Judgment of 16 November 1998

Shimoda v. The State, 355 Hanrel Jiho (Supreme Court of Japan 7 December 1963)

In re Trajkovic, District Court of Gjilan (Kosovo, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), P Nr 68/2000, 6 March 2001

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Public Prosecutor v. Menten, District Court, Rotterdam, Extraordinary Penal Chamber (Jul 9, 1980), at 353, reprinted in 75 Int'l L. Rept. 332, 335 (1987)

Trial of Hans Albin Rauter, Netherlands Special Court in The Hague (May 4, 1948), and Special Court of Cassation (Jan. 12, 1949), reprinted in XIV Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals 49 (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1949)

Trial of Willy Zuehlke, Netherlands Special Court in Amsterdam (Aug. 3, 1948) and Netherlands Special Court of Cassation (Dec. 6, 1948), reprinted in XIV L. Rept. Trials War Crim. 139, 145 (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1949)

Public Prosecutor v. Mirsad Repak, Case No. 08-108985MED-OTIR/08, Judgment (Dec. 2, 2008)

Public Prosecutor v. Mirsad Repak, LB-2009-24039 (Apr. 12, 2010)

CSJ, Sala Penal Especial, judgment of 7 April 2009, Exp. No. AV 19-2009

CSJ, Primera Sala Penal Transitoria, Exp. No. AV 19-2001, judgment of December 2009

Trial of Dr. Joseph Bühler, Supreme National Tribunal of Poland (June 17th – July 10th, 1948), reprinted in XIV Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals 23, 34–35 (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1949) (Notes on the Case)

Trial of Hauptsturmführer Amon Leopold Göth, Supreme National Tribunal of Poland (Aug. 27th – 31st and Sept. 2nd – 5th, 1946), reprinted in VII Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals 1, 9 (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1948) (Notes on the Case)

Trial of Gauleiter Artur Greiser, Supreme National Tribunal of Poland (June 21st – July 7th, 1946), reprinted in XIII Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals 70, 71–75 (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1949)

Trial of Obersturmbannführer Rudolf Franz Höss, Supreme National Tribunal of Poland (March 11th – 29th, 1947), reprinted in VII Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals 11, 18–19 (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1948)

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Tribunal militaire de division 2, Apr. 30, 1999

Tribunal militaire d'appel 1A, May 26, 2000, Appeals Judgment

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United Kingdom House of Lords: Regina v. Bartle and the Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis and Others Ex Parte Pinochet, 38 I.L.M. 581, 583–584, 592, 594, 602, 610–611, 614, 626, 636–637, 639, 642–643, 649–651, 661–662 (1999).

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Rex v. Manley [1933] K.B. 529 (1932).

Shaw v. Director of Public Prosecutions [1962] A.C. 220 (1960).

Abebe-Jira v. Negewo, 72 F.3d 844 (11th Cir. 1996)

Aguinda v. Texaco, Inc., 1994 WL 142006 at *1 (No. 93 Civ. 7527 (SDNY April 11, 1994)

Amin v. State, 811 P.2d 255 (Wyo. 1991).

Brandt v. U.S., 333 U.S. 836 (1948).

Calder v. Bull, 3 U.S. 386, 390 (1798).

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Doe I v. Islamic Salvation Front, 993 F. Supp. 3, 8 (DDC 1998)

Doe I v. Unocal, 963 F. Supp. 880, 892 (CD Cal. 1997)

Eastman Kodak v. Kavlin, 978 F. Supp. 1078, 1092 (SD Fla. 1997)

Ex Parte Quirin, 317 U.S. 1, 27–28 (1942).

Filartiga v. Pena-Irala, 630 F.2d 876, 890 (2d Cir. 1980)

Fletcher v. Peck, 6 Cranch 87, 136 (1810)

Forti v. Suarez-Mason, 694 F. Supp. 707 (N.D. Cal. 1988)

Frasier v. State, 410 S.E.2d 572 (So. Car. 1991).

Glucksman v. Henkel, 221 U.S. 508 (1911) (J. Holmes). Rosado v. Civiletti, 621 F.2d 1179, 1193 (2d Cir. 1980).

Groppie v. Leslie, 404 U.S. 496 (1972).

Hirsch v. State of Israel, 962 F. Supp. 377, 381 (SDNY 1997).

Homma v. United States, 327 U.S. 759 (1946).

Hyde v. Melvin, 11 Johns (N.Y.) 521 (1814)

In re Estate of Ferdinand E. Marcos, 978 F.2d 493 (9th Cir. 1992)

In re Estate of Marcos, 25 F.3d 1467 (9th Cir. 1994)

In re Yamashita, 327 U.S. 1, 14–15, 28, 32–33, 39 (1946).

Jacobellis v. Ohio, 378 U.S. 184, 197 (1964) (Stewart, J., concurring).

James v. United States, 366 U.S. 213, 247 n.3 (1961)

Kadic v. Karadzic, 70 F.3d 232, 241 (2d Cir. 1995)

Kamrin v. United States, 725 F.2d 1225, 1228 (9th Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 817 (1984)

Khulumani et al. v. Barclay Nat'l Bank Ltd., 504 F.3d 254 (2d Cir. 2007)

Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., 621 F.3d 111 (2d Cir. 2010)

Korematsu v. U.S., 584 F. Supp. 1406 (N.D. Cal. 1984).

Korematsu v. U.S., 323 U.S. 214 (1944).

Letelier v. Republic of Chile, 488 F. Supp. 665, 673 (D.D.C. 1980).

Little v. Barrone, 1 U.S. (2 Cranch) 465, 467 (1804).

Martin v. Mott, 25 U.S. (12 Wheat) 537 (1827)

Martinez v. City of Los Angeles, 141 F.3d 1373 (9th Cir. 1998)

Matter of Extradition of Demjanjuk, 612 F. Supp. 544, 567–568 (N.D. Ohio 1985).

Milch v. U.S., 332 U.S. 789 (1947).

Mitchell v. Harmony, 13 How. 115, 137 (1851)

Mushikiwabo v. Barayagwiza, 1996 WL 164496 at *3 (94 Civ. 3627) (SDNY April 9, 1998) (not reported in F.Supp.)

Nall v. Commonwealth, 208 Ky 700, 271 S.W. 1058 (1925).

Neely v. Henkel, 180 U.S. 109 (1901).

The Paquete Habana, 175 U.S. 677, 699–700 (1899).

The Presbyterian Church of Sudan v. Talisman Energy, Inc., 453 F. Supp. 2d 635 (SDNY 2006)

The Presbyterian Church of Sudan v. Talisman Energy, Inc., 582 F.3d 244 (2d Cir. 2009)

The Presbyterian Church of Sudan et al. v. Talisman Energy, Inc., 178 L. Ed. 2d 241 (2010)

Princz v. Federal Republic of Germany, 26 F.3d 1166, 1180 (DC Cir. 1994)

Quinn v. Robinson, 783 F.2d 776, 799 (9th Cir. 1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 882 (1986)

R.I. Recreation Center, Inc. v. Aetna Casualty and Surety Co., 177 F.2d 603 (1st Cir. 1949)

Republic of Iraq v. Beaty et al., 556 U.S. ___ (2009)

Riggs v. State, 3 Coldwell 85, 91 Am. Dec. 272 (1866).

Rogers v. Tennessee, 532 U.S. 451, 467 (2001)

Rosado v. Civiletti, 621 F.2d 1179, 1193 (2d Cir. 1980)

Ross v. Oregon, 227 U.S. 150, 162 (1913)

Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. v. Wiwa, 532 U.S. 941 (2001) (denying petition for writ of certiorari to the Second Circuit)

The Scotia, 81 U.S. 170 (1871)

Shanon v. United States, 76 F.2d 490 (10th Cir. 1935)

Siderman de Blake v. Republic of Argentina, 965 F.2d 699, 715 (9th Cir. 1992)

Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain, 542 U.S. 692, 762 (2004)

S. African Apartheid Litig. v. Daimler AG, et al., 617 F. Supp. 2d 228 (SDNY 2009)

State v. Ellis, 232 Ore. 70, 374 P.2d 461 (1962)

State v. Migliorino, 150 Wis.2d 513, 442 N.W.2d 36 (1989)

State v. Myers, 233 Kan 611; 664 P.2d 834 (1983)

U.S. v. Bailey et al., 444 U.S. 394 (1980)

U.S. v. Barker, 514 F.2d 208 (1975)

U.S. v. Barker, 546 F.2d 940 (D.C. Cir. 1976)

U.S. v. Bevans, 24 F. Cas. 1138 (C.C.D. Mass. 1816) (No. 14589)

U.S. v. Bevans, 3 Wheat. 336 (1818)

U.S. v. Bright, 24 F. Cas. 1232, 1237–1238 (C.C.D. Pa. 1809) (No. 14647)

U.S. v. Calley (1971,1973) CM 426402, 46 CMR 1131; 48 CMR 19; I MLR 2488; 22 USCMA 534 (1973)

U.S. v. Dotterweich, 320 U.S. 277 (1943)

U.S. v. Flick, 174 F.2d 983 (D.C. Cir.), cert. denied, 338 U.S. 879 (1949)

U.S. v. Homes 26 F. Cas. 360 (C.C.E.C.Pa. 1949)

U.S. v. Jones, 26 F. Cas. 653 (C.C.D. Pa, 1813)

U.S. v. Kinder, 14 C.M.R. 742, 774 (1953)

U.S. v. Layton, 509 F. Supp. 212, 223 (N.D. Cal.) appeal dismissed, 645 F.2d 681 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 452 U.S. 972 (1981)

U.S. v. Lovett, 328 U.S. 303 (1946)

U.S. v. Matta-Ballesteros, 71 F.3d 754, 764, n. 5 (9th Cir. 1996)

U.S. v. May, 727 F.2d 764 (8th Cir. 1984)

U.S. v. Medina, 20 USCMA 403; 43 CMR 243 (1971)

U.S. v. Nickels, 502 F.2d 1173 (7th Cir. 1974)

U.S. v. Parks, 421 U.S. 658 (1975)

U.S. v. Schultz, 39 M.R. 133, 136 (1966, court martial; 1968 Review Board)

U.S. v. Stevison, 471 F.2d 143 (7th Cir. 1972)

U.S. v. Yousef, 327 F.3d 56 (2d Cir. 2003)

U.S. v. Yunis, 681 F. Supp. 896 (D.D.C. 1988)

Von Dardel v. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 623 F. Supp. 246, 254 (D.D.C. 1955)

Xuncax v. Gramajo, 886 F. Supp. 162 (D. Mass. 1995)

Karl Adam Golkel & Thirteen Others, V Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1947), at 56

Trial of Erich Heyer and Six Others (the Essen Lynching case), reprinted in I Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1947), at 88

Trial of Franz Holstein and Twenty-three others, VII Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1947–1949), at 26

Josef Kramer and Fourty-Four Others (Belsen Concentration Camp case), II Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1951), 1–165

Trial of Lietenant-General Baba Masao, reprinted in XI Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1951)

Mauthausen Concentration Camp Case, V Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1947–1949), at 15

Trial of Werner Rohde & Eight Others, V Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1951), at 56

Trial of Otto Sandrock & Three Others (The Almelo Trial), IV Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1947–1949), at 35, 40

Takashi Sakai, XIV Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1951), 7

Trial of Franz Schonfeld and Nine Others (Schonfeld), XI Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1947–1949), at 64, 66–68, 70-71

Trial of Bruno Tesch & Others (The Zyklon B Case), in I Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals 93, 101 (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1947–1949)

Trial of Robert Wagner, Gauleiter and Head of the Civil Government of Alsace During the Occupation, and Six Others, III Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1949), at 24

Max Wielen & Seventeen Others, XI Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1947–1949), at 46

Trial of Martin Gottfried Weiss & Thirty-Nine Others (the Dachau Concentration Camp Case), XI Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals (U.N. War Crimes Comm'n, 1947–1949), at 5–17