Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-nwzlb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-29T07:58:52.340Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

7 - CRA and Treatment of Cocaine and Opioid Dependence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2012

Robert J. Meyers
Affiliation:
University of New Mexico
William R. Miller
Affiliation:
University of New Mexico
Get access

Summary

In this chapter we review research on use of the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) in outpatient treatment for cocaine and opioid dependence. Briefly, CRA is a multicomponent behavioral treatment that was originally developed for the treatment of alcoholism (Hunt & Azrin, 1973). CRA is designed to systematically facilitate changes in the client's daily environment to reduce substance abuse and promote a healthier lifestyle. Systematic efforts are made to increase the frequency and amount of reinforcement clients derive from their vocation, family relations, and social and recreational activities so that those areas might compete more successfully with the allure of the pharmacological and social reinforcement obtained through substance abuse. The treatment also involves skills training tailored to meet individual needs, including skills directly related to decreasing substance use (e.g., functional analysis of drug use, drug refusal training) and others important to increasing reinforcement derived from a healthier lifestyle (e.g., problem solving, social skills training, sleep-hygiene training). Treatment duration can vary from 2 to 6 months, and usually involves up to several individual therapy sessions weekly delivered by professional therapists trained in this treatment approach. CRA can also be delivered in group sessions (Azrin, 1976). Those interested in a more detailed description of CRA or information on clinical implementation should consult Chapters 1 and 3 of this volume and the published therapy manuals (Budney & Higgins, 1998; Meyers & Smith, 1995).

Effective psychosocial interventions like CRA are fundamentally important to the treatment of cocaine and opioid dependence. Psychosocial interventions are the only treatments demonstrated to be reliably efficacious with cocaine-dependent individuals (Higgins & Wong, 1998).

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×