Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- 83 Evaluation of Suspected Immunodeficiency
- 84 Infections in the Neutropenic Patient
- 85 Infections in Patients with Neoplastic Disease
- 86 Corticosteroids, Cytotoxic Agents, and Infection
- 87 Infections in Transplant Patients
- 88 Diabetes and Infection
- 89 Infectious Complications in the Injection Drug User
- 90 Infections in the Alcoholic
- 91 Infections in the Elderly
- 92 Neonatal Infection
- 93 Pregnancy and the Puerperium: Infectious Risks
- 94 Dialysis-Related Infection
- 95 Overwhelming Postsplenectomy Infection
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
94 - Dialysis-Related Infection
from Part XI - The Susceptible Host
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- 83 Evaluation of Suspected Immunodeficiency
- 84 Infections in the Neutropenic Patient
- 85 Infections in Patients with Neoplastic Disease
- 86 Corticosteroids, Cytotoxic Agents, and Infection
- 87 Infections in Transplant Patients
- 88 Diabetes and Infection
- 89 Infectious Complications in the Injection Drug User
- 90 Infections in the Alcoholic
- 91 Infections in the Elderly
- 92 Neonatal Infection
- 93 Pregnancy and the Puerperium: Infectious Risks
- 94 Dialysis-Related Infection
- 95 Overwhelming Postsplenectomy Infection
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
Summary
The incidence and prevalence of patients treated for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) continually increases in the United States. Data from the U.S. Renal Data System (USRDS) 2006 Annual Report show that for 2004, 335 034 patients were treated for ESRD with either hemodialysis (309 269) or peritoneal dialysis (25 765), and 102 104 patients started dialysis. The total number of patients on dialysis is higher as the USRDS does not include data on non-Medicare patients. After cardiovascular disease, infections are the second most common cause of death of patients receiving long-term dialysis (12% to 22%), and a leading cause of hospitalization. Data on the mortality of patients on dialysis followed for 16 years, a longer period than in the USRDS, show that infections account for 36% of deaths versus 14.4% for cardiovascular disease. Sepsis is responsible for more than 75% of deaths caused by infection. Abnormalities of cellular immunity, neutrophil function, and complement activation are associated with chronic renal failure and cited as risk factors for the increased susceptibility to infection. Most dialysis-related infections are caused by common microorganisms rather than by opportunistic pathogens and are primarily related to vascular and peritoneal dialysis access. This chapter focuses on the treatment of infections related to dialysis access devices.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 663 - 670Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008