Abrams, R. (2015). Fighting pollution from microbeads used in soaps and creams. The New York Times, 22 May.Google Scholar

Austin, B. (2014). The aquaculture industry. Microbiology Today, 41(4), 166–9. Available at www.microbiologysociety.org/publications/microbiology-today/past-issues.cfm/publication/water/article/7A993C5D-AE1E-4428-B8F391A1E9DBEFED.Google Scholar

Beat the Microbead. (2015). Available at www.beatthemicrobead.org/en/Google Scholar

Birnie, P. and Boyle, A. (1992). International Law and the Environment. Oxford: Clarendon PressGoogle Scholar

Browne, M. A, Crump, P., Niven, S. J., et al. (2011) Accumulation of microplastic on shorelines worldwide: Sources and sinks. Environment, Science, and Technology, 45, 9175–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Browne, R. (2016). Coles and Woolworths ban products containing plastic microbeads, The Sydney Morning Herald, January 8. Available at www.smh.com.au/environment/coles-and-woolworths-ban-products-containing-microbeads-20160107-gm1mwm.html.Google Scholar

Carpenter, E. J., Anderson, S. J., Harvey, G. R., Miklas, H. P., and Peck, B. B. (1972). Polystyrene spherules in coastal waters. Science, 178(4062), 749–50.Google Scholar

CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). (2012). Impacts of Marine Debris on Biodiversity. CBD Technical Series No. 67. Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.Google Scholar

Chasek, P. (2010) Confronting Environmental Treaty Implementation Challenges in the Pacific Islands. Honolulu: EastWest Center.Google Scholar

Chen, C.-L. (2015). Regulation and management of marine litter. In Bergmann, M., Gutow, L., and Klages, M., eds., Marine Anthropogenic Litter. New York: Springer, 395–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cho, D.-O. (2009). The incentive program for fishermen to collect marine debris in Korea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58, 415–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Clapp, J. (2012). The global reach of plastic waste. In Foote, S., ed., Histories of the Dustheap. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 199–225.Google Scholar

Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Fileman, E., et al. (2013). Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(12), 6646–55. doi: 10.1021/es400663fGoogle Scholar

Colton, J., Knapp, F., and Burns, B. (1974). Plastic particles in surface waters of the northwestern Atlantic. Science, 185(4150), 491–7.Google Scholar

Costa, M. F. and Barletta, M. (2015). Microplastics in coastal and marine environments of the western tropical and sub-tropical Atlantic Ocean. Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts, 17(11), 1868–79. doi: 10.1039/c5em00158gGoogle Scholar

Cullen-Knox, C., Eccleston, R., Haward, M., Lester, L., and Vince, J. (2016). Contemporary challenges in environmental governance: the rise of social licence. Environmental Policy and Governance, 27(1), 3–13.Google Scholar

Derraik, J. (2002). The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44(9), 842–52.Google Scholar

Derraik, J. G. B., (2002). The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44, 842–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Desforges, J.P.W., Galbraith, M., Dangerfield, N., and Ross, P. S. (2014). Widespread distribution of microplastic in sub-surface seawater in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 79(1–2), 94–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Duckett, P. E. and Repaci, V. (2015). Marine plastic pollution: Using community science to address a global problem. Marine and Freshwater Research, 66, 665–73.Google Scholar

European Commission (EC). (2011). Plastic Waste: Ecological and Human Health Impacts, In-depth Report. Brussels: EC Directorate-General, Environment.Google Scholar

Fredriksson, P. G. and Millimet, D. L. (2002). Is there a “California effect” in US environmental policymaking? Regional Science and Urban Economics, 32(6), 737–64.Google Scholar

GEF – Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel. (2012). Impacts of marine debris on biodiversity: Current status and potential solutions. Montreal Technical Series No. 67, 61.Google Scholar

GhostNets Australia. (2015). Available at www.ghostnets.com.au/.Google Scholar

Gold, M., Mika, K., Horowitz, C., Herzog, M., and Leitner, L. (2013). Stemming the tide of plastic marine litter: A global action agenda. Pritzker Policy Brief 5.Google Scholar

Gregory, M. (2009). Environmental implications of plastic debris in marine settings – Entanglement, ingestion, smothering, hangers-on, hitch-hiking and alien invasions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1526), 2013–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Group of Seven (G7). (2015). Leaders’ Declaration. Berlin, Germany: Schloss Elmau.Google Scholar

Hall, N. M., Berry, K. L. E., Rintoul, L., and Hoogenboom, M. O. (2015). Microplastic ingestion by scleractinian corals. Marine Biology, 162(3), 725–32. doi: 10.1007/s00227-015-2619-7Google Scholar

Hammer, J., Kraak, M. H., and Parsons, J. R. (2012). Plastics in the marine environment: The dark side of a modern gift. In Whitacre, D. M., Fernanda, M., and Gunther, F. A., eds., Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. New York: Springer, 1–44.Google Scholar

Hardesty, B., Wilcox, C., Lawson, T., Lansdell, M., and van der Velde, T. (2014). Understanding the effects of marine debris on wildlife. A Final Report to Earthwatch Australia. CSIRO. Available at http://apo.org.au/system/files/41318/apo-nid41318-150746.pdf.Google Scholar

Hastings, E. and Potts, T. (2013). Marine litter: Progress in developing an integrated policy approach in Scotland. Marine Pollution, 42, 49–55.Google Scholar

Hidalgo-Ruz, V. and Thiel, M. (2015). The contribution of citizen scientists to the monitoring of marine litter. In Bergmann, M., Gutow, L., and Klages, M., eds., Marine Anthropogenic Litter. New York: Springer, 429–45.Google Scholar

Hinojosa, I. A. and Thiel, M. (2009). Floating marine debris in fjords, gulfs and channels of southern Chile. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58(3), 341–50. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.10.020CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ivar do Sul, J. A. and Costa, M. F. (2014). The present and future of microplastic pollution in the marine environment. Environmental Pollution, 185, 352–64. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.036Google Scholar

Jambeck, J. R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., et al. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science, 347(6223), 768–71.Google Scholar

Jambeck, J. R. and Johnsen, K. (2015). Citizen-based litter and marine debris data collection and mapping. Computing in Science & Engineering, 17, 20–26.Google Scholar

Joyner, C. C. (2000). The international ocean regime at the new millennium: A survey of the contemporary legal order. Ocean & Coastal Management, 43(2), 163–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kaiser, J. (2010). The dirt on ocean garbage patches. Science, 328, 1506.Google Scholar

Koelmans, A., Besseling, E., and Shim, W. J. (2015). Nanoplastics in the aquatic environment. Critical review. Marine Anthropogenic Litter, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 325–40. Available at http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3_12.Google Scholar

Lazarus, R. J. (2008). Super wicked problems and climate change: Restraining the present to liberate the future. Cornell Law Review, 94, 1153.Google Scholar

Leonard, G. (2015). Trashing the ocean: New study provides first estimate of how much plastic flows into the ocean. Ocean Conservancy. Available at http://blog.oceanconservancy.org/2015/02/13/trashing-the-ocean-new-study-provides-first-estimate-of-how-much-plastic-flows-into-the-ocean/.Google Scholar

Levin, K., Cashore, B., Bernstein, S., and Auld, G. (2012). Overcoming the tragedy of super wicked problems: Constraining our future selves to ameliorate global climate change. Policy Sciences, 45(2), 123–52.Google Scholar

Lyster, S. (1985). International Wildlife Law: An Analysis of International Treaties Concerned with the Conservation of Wildlife. Cambridge, UK: Grotius Publications.Google Scholar

Machalaba, C., Romanelli, C., and Stoett, P. (2017). Global environmental change and emerging infectious diseases: Macrolevel drivers and policy responses. In Bouzid, M., ed., Examining The Role of Environmental Change on Emerging Infectious Diseases and Pandemics. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 24–67.Google Scholar

Marine Litter Solutions. (2017). Joint Declaration. Retrieved from: www.marinelittersolutions.com/who-we-are/joint-declaration.aspxGoogle Scholar

Mathalon, A. and Hill, P. (2014). Microplastic fibers in the intertidal ecosystem surrounding Halifax Harbor, Nova Scotia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 81(1), 69–79. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.02.018Google Scholar

Moore, C. (2015). Foreword. In Bergmann, M., Gutow, L., and Klages, M., eds., Marine Anthropogenic Litter. New York: Springer.Google Scholar

Moore, C., Moore, S., Leecaster, M., and Weisberg, S. (2001). A comparison of plastic and plankton in the North Pacific Central Gyre. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 42, 1297–1300.Google Scholar

Morrison, J. (2014) The Social License. How to Keep Your Organization Legitimate. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Muller, C., Townsend, K., and Matschullat, J. (2012). Experimental degradation of polymer shopping bags in the gastrointestinal fluids of sea turtles. Science of the Total Environment, 416, 464–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Obbard, R. W., Sadri, S., Wong, Y. Q., et al. (2014). Global warming releases microplastic legacy frozen in Arctic Sea ice. Earth’s Future, 2, 315–20.Google Scholar

Ogata, Y., Takada, H., Mizukawa, K., et al. (2009). International pellet watch: Global monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in coastal waters. 1. Initial phase data on PCBs, DDTs, and HCHs. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58(10), 1437–46.Google Scholar

Palassis, S. (2011). Marine pollution and environmental law. In Baird, R. and Rothwell, D., eds., Australian Coastal and Marine Law, Annandale NSW: The Federation Press, 228–63.Google Scholar

Perkins, R. and Neumayer, E. (2012) Does the “California effect” operate across borders? Trading and investing-up in automobile emission standards. Journal of European Public Policy, 19, 217–37.Google Scholar

Provencher, J., Bond, A. L., and Mallory, M. L. (2014). Marine birds and plastic debris in Canada: A national synthesis, and a way forward. Environmental Reviews, 23(1), 1–13.Google Scholar

Raubenheimer, K. and McIlgorm, A. (2017). Is the Montreal Protocol a model that can help solve the global marine plastic debris problem? Marine Policy, 81, 322–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Redclift, M. (1996). Wasted: Counting the Costs of Global Consumption, London: Earthscan.Google Scholar

Rochman, C. M., Kross, S. M., Armstrong, J. B., et al. (2015). Scientific evidence supports a ban on microbeads. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(18), 10759–61. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03909.Google Scholar

Royer, S.-J., Ferrón, S., Wilson, S. T., and Karl, D. M. (2018). Production of methane and ethylene from plastic in the environment. PloS One, 13(8), e0200574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Schuyler, Q. A., Wilcox, C., Townsend, K., Hardesty, B. D., and Marshall, N. J. (2014). Mistaken identity? Visual similarities of marine debris to natural prey items of sea turtles. BMC Ecology, 14(1), 14.Google Scholar

Science Communication Unit. (2013). Science for Environment Policy Indepth report: Environmental Citizen Science. Report produced for the European Commission DG Environment. Bristol: University of the West of England. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/science-environment-policyGoogle Scholar

Sherman, P. and van Sebille, E. (2016). Modeling marine surface microplastic transport to assess optimal removal locations. Environmental Research Letters, 11(1), 014006. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/1/014006CrossRefGoogle Scholar

STAP. (2011). Marine debris as a global environmental problem: Introducing a solutions based framework focused on plastic. A STAP Information Document. Washington, DC: Global Environment Facility. Available at www.thegef.org/gef/sites/thegef.org/files/publication/STAP%20MarineDebris%20-%20website.pdf.Google Scholar

Stoett, P. (2010). Framing bioinvasion: Biodiversity, climate change, security, trade, and global governance. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 16(1), 103–120.Google Scholar

Taylor, M. L., Gwinnett, C., Robinson, L. F., and Woodall, L. C. (2016). Plastic microfibre ingestion by deep-sea organisms. Scientific Reports, 6. Available at www.nature.com/articles/srep33997.pdfGoogle Scholar

The Honolulu Commitment. (2011). Available at www.unep.org/pdf/PressReleases/Honolulu_Commitment-FINAL.pdfGoogle Scholar

Thompson, R. C., Swan, S. H., Moore, C. J., and Vom Saal, F. S. (2009). Our plastic age. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364, 373–6.Google Scholar

Tibbetts, J. H. (2015). Managing marine plastic pollution: Policy initiatives to address wayward waste. Environmental Health Perspectives, 123(4), A90–93. doi: 10.1289/ehp.123-A90Google Scholar

Titmus, A. J. and Hyrenbach, K. D. (2011). Habitat associations of floating debris and marine birds in the North East Pacific Ocean at coarse and mesospatial scales. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(11), 2496–506.Google Scholar

Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme (TWAP). (n.d.). Available at www.geftwap.org/twap-project.Google Scholar

Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme (TWAP). (2014). Assessing transboundary aquatic ecosystems globally through the UNEP-GEF Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme (TWAP): Insights for freshwater ecosystems. [PowerPoint slides]. Available at www.unep.org/delc/Portals/119/ForumBasinOrganization/twap-bilay.pdf.Google Scholar

UNEP Guidelines On Survey And Monitoring Of Marine Litter (2009), UNEP, Nairobi.Google Scholar

UNEP, Marine Litter a Global Challenge (2009), UNEP, Nairobi.Google Scholar

UNEP Regional Seas Programme. (2009). Marine Litter: A Global Challenge. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Program.Google Scholar

United Nations. (1992). Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. Available at http://www.un.org/documents/ga/conf151/aconf15126-1annex1.htm/Google Scholar

Valentine, K. (2015). Netherlands company introduces plastic roads that are more durable, climate friendly than asphalt. Think Progress. Available at http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2015/07/22/3682552/plastic-roads-netherlands/.Google Scholar

Van Cauwenberghe, L. and Janssen, C. R. (2014). Microplastics in bivalves cultured for human consumption. Environmental Pollution, 193(6), 5–70.Google Scholar

Van Cauwenberghe, L., Vanreusel, A., Mees, J., and Janssen, C. R. (2013). Microplastic pollution in deep-sea sediments. Environmental Pollution 182, 495–9.Google Scholar

Vince, J. and Hardesty, B. D. (2016). Plastic pollution challenges in marine and coastal environments: From local to global governance. Restoration Ecology, 25(1), 123–8.Google Scholar

Vince, J., Brierley, E., Stevenson, S., and Dunstan, P. (2017). Ocean governance in the South Pacific region: Progress and plans for action. Marine Policy, 79, 40–45.Google Scholar

Vince, J. and Haward, M. (2017). Hybrid governance of aquaculture: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of Environmental Management, 201, 138–44.Google Scholar

Wilcox, C., Mallos, N., Leonard, G., Rodriguez, A., and Hardesty, B. (2015). Estimating the consequences of marine litter on seabirds, turtles and marine mammals using expert elicitation. Marine Policy. 65, 107–14.Google Scholar

Woodall, L. C., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Canals, M., et al. (2014). The deep sea is a major sink for microplastic debris. Royal Society Open Source, December. Available at http://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/1/4/140317.Google Scholar

Worm, B., Barbier, E. B., Beaumont, N., et al. (2006). Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science, 314(5800), 787–90.Google Scholar

Wright, S. L., Thompson, R. C., and Galloway, T. S. (2013). The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: A review. Environmental Pollution, 178, 483–92.Google Scholar

Wyles, K., Pahl, S., and Thompson, R. (2014). Perceived risks and benefits of recreational visits to the marine environment: Integrating impacts on the environment and impacts on the visitor. Ocean and Coastal Management, 88, 53–63.Google Scholar

Zettler, E., Mincer, T., and Amaral-Zettler, L. (2013). Life in the plastisphere: Microbial communities on plastic marine debris. Environmental Science and Technology, 47(13), 7137–46. doi: 10.1021/es401288xGoogle Scholar