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20 - Gas treatment and shifting

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2013

Harold Schobert
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
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Summary

Gas clean-up

Gasification or partial oxidation is likely to be practiced with one of two purposes: to supply gaseous feed for an IGCC plant, or to use the carbon monoxide/hydrogen mixture as synthesis gas. Neither application uses raw gas with no downstream treatment. The desirable components of the product gas are carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, and other light hydrocarbons. If the gas were to be used in combustion applications on site, carbon dioxide and water vapor would be considered neutral, i.e. having neither a positive nor negative effect, except for their effect as diluents of the combustible gases. If the gas is to be upgraded, further processed, or shipped by pipeline, then both of these components are undesirable. Processing units would have to be larger to handle these “extra” components that make no contribution to the calorific value of the gas. Some heat and compression work would be wasted on diluents of the desired components of the gas. Components of the raw gas that are always undesirable include particulate matter, droplets of tar, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide and other sulfur-containing compounds.

A first treatment step involves removal of particulate matter, which may consist of fine particles of ash or of partially reacted feedstock. This can be accomplished using a cyclone separator. Cyclones can be designed to operate at temperatures to 1000 °C, and pressures to about 50 MPa. They work well for particle sizes above 5 µm. If it is necessary to remove finer particles, baghouses with fabric filters or electrostatic precipitators can be used.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2013

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References

Kohl, Arthur and Riesenfeld, Fred. Gas Purification. Gulf Publishing: Houston, 1985. An excellent, and extensive, resource on many techniques for gas clean-up, including acid gas removal, water removal, CO2 absorption, and numerous others.Google Scholar
Probstein, R.F. and Hicks, R.E.Synthetic Fuels. Dover: Mineola, NY, 2006. Chapters 3 and 5 of this very useful book relate to the present chapter. The Dover edition is a reprint of the earlier version published in the 1980s. Highly recommended to anyone working in this field.Google Scholar
Rezaiyan, John and Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.Gasification Technologies. Taylor and Francis: Boca Raton, 2005. Chapter 5, on gas clean-up technologies, is directly relevant to the material in this chapter.Google Scholar

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  • Gas treatment and shifting
  • Harold Schobert, Pennsylvania State University
  • Book: Chemistry of Fossil Fuels and Biofuels
  • Online publication: 05 February 2013
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511844188.021
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  • Gas treatment and shifting
  • Harold Schobert, Pennsylvania State University
  • Book: Chemistry of Fossil Fuels and Biofuels
  • Online publication: 05 February 2013
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511844188.021
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Gas treatment and shifting
  • Harold Schobert, Pennsylvania State University
  • Book: Chemistry of Fossil Fuels and Biofuels
  • Online publication: 05 February 2013
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511844188.021
Available formats
×