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5 - On the origin of irreversibility

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2009

Patrizia Castiglione
Affiliation:
Editions Belin, Paris
Massimo Falcioni
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Italy
Annick Lesne
Affiliation:
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
Angelo Vulpiani
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Italy
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Summary

Since in the differential equations of mechanics themselves there is absolutely nothing analogous to the Second Law of thermodynamics the latter can be mechanically represented only by means of assumptions regarding initial conditions.

Ludwig Boltzmann

By irreversibility here we mean a well evident fact which is part of the everyday experience of everybody: there are a lot of phenomena of which we do not see the reverse order evolution, and we do not expect to see it. For instance, if we put a hot coffee on the table then, after a while it gets colder, transferring some heat to the environment. However, if the coffee, at room temperature, has become too cold, and we want to warm it up, then we put it in the microwave oven. This is because we are pretty sure that the required heat will not come into the coffee from the surroundings, even if the reverse process has just taken place, as always. This certainty allows us to judge time ordering. Given the two states of the coffee on the table, hot and cold, we know that, without external intervention, the hot state cannot come after the cold state: it always comes before. As a consequence, once the cooling has occurred, we say that something (spontaneously) irreversible has happened. So, irreversibility is the asymmetric time evolution of certain macroscopic systems. The theoretical frame where this kind of irreversibility is accommodated is thermodynamics, where the Second Principle dictates the prohibitions.

The problem

As a fact within the coherent theoretical description of thermodynamics, irreversibility is not a problem.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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