Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T08:57:47.627Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part VIII - Emerging Atheisms in the Twenty-First Century

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 September 2021

Michael Ruse
Affiliation:
Florida State University
Stephen Bullivant
Affiliation:
St Mary's University, Twickenham, London
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography

Cotter, C. R. 2011. ‘Consciousness raising: the critique, agenda, and inherent precariousness of contemporary Anglophone atheism’. International Journal for the Study of New Religions 2(1), 77103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cotter, C. R. 2017. ‘New atheism, open-mindedness, and critical thinking’, in Cotter, C. R., Quadrio, P., and Tuckett, J. (eds.) New Atheism: Critical Perspectives and Contemporary Debates. Dordrecht: Springer, 3350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cragun, R. T. 2015. ‘Who are the “New Atheists”?’, in Beaman, L. G. and Tomlins, S. (eds.) Atheist Identities: Spaces and Social Contexts. New York: Springer, 195211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawkins, R. 2007. The God Delusion. London: Black Swan.Google Scholar
Dennett, D. C. 2007. Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Finger, A. 2017. ‘Four Horsemen (and a Horsewoman): what gender is New Atheism?’, in Cotter, C. R., Quadrio, P., and Tuckett, J. (eds.) New Atheism: Critical Perspectives and Contemporary Debates. Dordrecht: Springer, 155–70.Google Scholar
Guenther, K. M. 2019. ‘Secular sexism: the persistence of gender inequality in the US New Atheist movement’. Women’s Studies International Forum 72, 4755.Google Scholar
Harris, S. 2006. The End of Faith: Religion, Terror and the Future of Reason. London: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Harris, S. 2007. Letter to a Christian Nation: A Challenge to Faith. London: Bantam Press.Google Scholar
Hitchens, C. 2008. God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything. London: Atlantic Books.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, S. 2011. Moral Combat: Black Atheists, Gender Politics, and the Values Wars, Kindle edition. Los Angeles: Infidel Books.Google Scholar
LeDrew, S. 2015. ‘Atheism versus humanism: ideological tensions and identity dynamics’, in Beaman, L. G. and Tomlins, S. (eds.) Atheist Identities: Spaces and Social Contexts. New York: Springer, 5368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LeDrew, S. 2016. The Evolution of Atheism: The Politics of a Modern Movement. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAnulla, S., Kettell, S., and Schulzke, M. 2018. The Politics of New Atheism. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Quillen, E. G. 2015. ‘Assholes: a theory of New Atheism’. Everything Is Fiction (blog). 20 January. Available at: https://everythingisfiction.org/2015/01/20/assholes-a-theory-of-new-atheism.Google Scholar
Quillen, E. G. 2017. ‘The satirical sacred: New Atheism, parody religion, and the argument from fictionalization’, in Cotter, C. R., Quadrio, P., and Tuckett, J. (eds.) New Atheism: Critical Perspectives and Contemporary Debates. Dordrecht: Springer, 193220.Google Scholar
Trzebiatowska, M. 2019. ‘“Atheism is not the problem. The problem is being a woman”: atheist women and reasonable feminism’. Journal of Gender Studies 28(4), 475–87.Google Scholar
Zenk, T. 2013. ‘New atheism’, in Bullivant, S. and Ruse, M. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Atheism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 245–60.Google Scholar

References

Avance, R. 2013. ‘Seeing the light: Mormon conversion and deconversion narratives in off- and online worlds’. Journal of Media and Religion 12(1), 1624.Google Scholar
Berger, P. L. 1967. The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion. New York: Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Brewster, M. (ed.) 2014. Atheists in America. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Cimino, R. and Smith, C. 2014. Atheist Awakening: Secular Activism and Community in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dawson, L. L. 2003. ‘Who joins new religious movements and why: twenty years of research and what have we learned?’, in Dawson, L. L. (ed.) Cults and New Religious Movements: A Reader. Oxford: Blackwell, 116–30.Google Scholar
Karaflogka, A. 2003. ‘Religion on – religion in cyberspace’, in Davie, G., Heelas, P., and Woodhead, L. (eds.) Predicting Religion: Christian, Secular and Alternative Futures. Farnham: Ashgate, 191202.Google Scholar
Knott, K., Poole, E., and Taira, T. 2013. Media Portrayals of Religion and the Secular Sacred: Representation and Change. Farnham: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Kontala, J. 2016. Emerging Non-religious Worldview Prototypes: A Faith Q-Sort-Study on Finnish Group Affiliates. Åbo: Åbo Akademi University.Google Scholar
Laughlin, J. 2016. ‘Varieties of an atheist public in a digital age: the politics of recognition and the recognition of politics’. Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture 5(2), 315–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lundmark, E. 2019. ‘This is the Face of an Atheist’: Performing Private Truths in Precarious Publics. Uppsala: Uppsala University.Google Scholar
Lundmark, E. and LeDrew, S. 2019. ‘Unorganized atheism and the secular movement: Reddit as a site for studying “lived atheism”’. Social Compass 66(1), 112–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Painter, B. W. Jr. 2014. The New Atheist Denial of History. New York: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Taira, T. 2012. ‘New Atheism as identity politics’, in Guest, M. and Arweck, E. (eds.) Religion and Knowledge: Sociological Perspectives. Farnham: Ashgate, 97113.Google Scholar
Taira, T. 2019. ‘Media and communication approaches to leaving religion’, in Enstedt, D., Larsson, G., and Mantsinen, T. (eds.) Handbook of Leaving Religion. Leiden: Brill, 335–48.Google Scholar
van Nieuwkerk, K. 2018. ‘Nonbelieving in Egypt’, in van Nieuwkerk, K. (ed.) Moving In and Out of Islam. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 306–32.Google Scholar
Whitaker, B. 2014. Arabs Without God: Atheism and Freedom of Belief in the Middle East. n.p.: CreateSpace.Google Scholar
Zaleski, J. 1997. The Soul of Cyberspace. San Francisco, CA: HarperEdge.Google Scholar
Zuckerman, P. 2014. Living the Secular Life: New Answers to Old Questions. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Zuckerman, P., Galen, L. W., and Pasquale, F. L. 2016. The Nonreligious: Understanding Secular People and Societies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

al-Khatib, M. K. (ed.) 2005. Hurriyat al-intiqad al-dini/Freedom of Religious Belief. Damascus: Dar Petra.Google Scholar
Elmarsafy, Z. 2015. ‘Action, imagination, institution, natality, revolution’. Journal for Cultural Research 19(2), 130–8.Google Scholar
Hirsi Ali, A. 2007. Infidel. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Warraq, Ibn. 1995. Why I am not a Muslim. New York: Prometheus Books.Google Scholar
Warraq, Ibn 2003. Leaving Islam: Apostates Speak Out. New York: Prometheus Books.Google Scholar
Kamal, H. 2015. ‘Inserting women’s rights in the Egyptian constitution: personal reflections’. Journal for Cultural Research 19(2), 150–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krämer, G. 2013. ‘Secularity Contested: Religion, Identity, and the Public Order in the Arab Middle East’, in Burchardt, M., Wohlrab-Sahr, M., and Middell, M (eds.) Multiple Secularities Beyond the West. Boston, MA: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Larsson, G. 2018. ‘Disputed, sensitive and indispensable topics: the study of Islam and apostasy’. Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 30(3), 201–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manea, E. 2016. ‘In the name of culture and religion: the political function of blasphemy in Islamic states’. Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 27(1), 117–27.Google Scholar
Mostyn, T. 2002. Censorship in Islamic Societies. London: Saqi Books.Google Scholar
Schielke, S. 2013. ‘The Islamic world’, in Bullivan, S.t and Ruse, M. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Atheism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 638–51.Google Scholar
Sultan, W. 2009. A God who Hates. New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
van Nieuwkerk, K. 2018. ‘Religious skepticism and nonbelieving in Egypt’, in van Nieuwkerk, K. (ed.) Moving In and Out of Islam. Austin, TX: Texas University Press, 306–33.Google Scholar
Whitaker, B. 2014. Arabs without God: Atheism and Freedom of Belief in the Middle East. n.p.: Create Space Independent Publishing.Google Scholar

References

Allen, J. 2015. “A beginner’s guide to the Redpill Right,” boingboing, 28 January. Available at: https://boingboing.net/2015/01/28/a-beginners-guide-to-the-red.html.Google Scholar
Bacarisse, B. 2017. “The Republican lawmaker who secretly created Reddit’s women-hating ‘Red Pill’,” Daily Beast. Available at: www.thedailybeast.com/the-republican-lawmaker-who-secretly-created-reddits-women-hating-red-pill.Google Scholar
Biddle, S. 2015. “A scientific ranking of which parts of Reddit are most racist and bad,” Gawker. Available at: http://internet.gawker.com/a-scientific-ranking-of-which-parts-of-reddit-are-most–1693158094.Google Scholar
Black Nonbelievers. 2019. Twitter post. 24 July. Available at: https://twitter.com/BNonbelievers.Google Scholar
Bloom, P. B.-N. 2016. “State-level restriction of religious freedom and women’s rights: a global analysis.Political Studies 64(4), 832–53.Google Scholar
Brewster, M. E. 2013. “Atheism, gender, and sexuality,” in Bullivant, S. and Ruse, M. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Atheism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 511–24.Google Scholar
Brewster, M. E. (ed.) 2014. Atheists in America. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Brewster, M. E., Hammer, J., Sawyer, J. S., Eklund, A., and Palamar, J. 2016. “Perceived experiences of atheist discrimination: instrument development and evaluation.Journal of Counseling Psychology 63(5), 557.Google Scholar
Cameron, C. 2018. “Black atheists matter: how women freethinkers take on religion,” BigThink. Available at: https://bigthink.com/aeon-ideas/black-atheists-matter-how-women-freethinkers-take-on-religion.Google Scholar
Campbell, M., Hinton, J. D. X., and Anderson, J. R. 2019. “A systematic review of the relationship between religion and attitudes toward transgender and gender-variant people.International Journal of Transgenderism 20(1), 2138.Google Scholar
Chavez, M., Anderson, S. L., and Eagle, A. 2014. “National Congregations Study, cumulative dataset (1998, 2006–2007, and 2012), V2.” Distributed by the Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA). Available at: www.thearda.com/conQS/qs_236.asp.Google Scholar
Cimino, R. and Smith, C. 2011. “The New Atheism and the formation of the imagined secularist community.Journal of Media and Religion 1, 2438.Google Scholar
Clay, E. and Driscoll, C. M. 2017. “Secular voices of color: digital storytelling,” in Miller, M. (ed.) Humanism in a Non-Humanist World. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 7598.Google Scholar
Cottee, S. 2017. “The dilemma facing ex-Muslims in Trump’s America,” The Atlantic, 6 March. Available at: www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/03/dilemmafacingexmuslimatheistsintrumpsamerica/518553.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, K. 1989. “Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: a black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics.” The University of Chicago Legal Forum 1989, 139–67.Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. 2014. Twitter post. 12 September, 2:29 a.m. Available at: https://twitter.com/RichardDawkins/status/510314159503065088?s=20.Google Scholar
Edwords, F. 2012. “The hidden hues of humanism.The Humanist 72(2), 24.Google Scholar
Evans, R. 2018. “From memes to infowars: how 75 fascist activists were ‘red-pilled’.” bellingcat. Available at: www.bellingcat.com/news/americas/2018/10/11/memes-infowars-75-fascist-activists-red-pilled.Google Scholar
Ex-Muslims of North America. 2019. “Ex-Muslims will be at NYC Pride!” Available at: https://exmuslims.org/ex-muslims-will-be-at-nyc-pride.Google Scholar
Franks, A. S. 2017. “Improving the electability of atheists in the United States: a preliminary examination.Politics and Religion 10(3), 597621.Google Scholar
Gauthier, B. 2016. “Never Tweet, Richard Dawkins: famed atheist now signal-boosting Nazi propaganda,” Salon, 2 February. Available at: www.salon.com/control/2016/02/01/never_tweet_richard_dawkins_famed_atheist_now_signal_boosting_nazi_propaganda.Google Scholar
Gaylor, A. L. (ed.) 1997. Women Without Superstition: No Gods–No Masters: The Collected Writings of Women Freethinkers of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Madison, WI: Freedom from Religion Foundation.Google Scholar
Gervais, W. M., Xygalatas, D., McKay, R. T., et al. 2017. “Global evidence of extreme intuitive moral prejudice against atheists.Nature Human Behaviour 1(8), 151.Google Scholar
Goldman, R. H., Kaser, D. J., Missmer, S. A., et al. 2017. “Fertility treatment for the transgender community: a public opinion study.” Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 34(11), 1457–67.Google Scholar
Guenther, K. M. 2019. “Secular sexism: the persistence of gender inequality in the US New Atheist Movement.Women’s Studies International Forum, 72, 4755.Google Scholar
Hammer, J. H., Cragun, R. T., Hwang, K., and Smith, J. M. 2012. “Forms, frequency, and correlates of perceived anti-atheist discrimination.Secularism and Nonreligion 1, 4367.Google Scholar
Harris, S. 2004. “Mired in a religious war,” Washington Times, 1 December. Available at: www.washingtontimes.com/news/2004/dec/1/20041201–090801-2582r.Google Scholar
Harris, S. 2011. “Bombing our illusions,” HuffPost. 25 May. Available at: www.huffpost.com/entry/bombing-our-illusions_b_8615.Google Scholar
Harris, S. 2012. “In defense of profiling.” Available at: https://samharris.org/in-defense-of-profiling.Google Scholar
Harris, S. 2014. “I’m not the sexist pig you’re looking for.” Available at: https://samharris.org/im-not-the-sexist-pig-youre-looking-for.Google Scholar
Hart, W. D. 2013. “‘One percenters’: black atheists, secular humanists, and naturalists.The South Atlantic Quarterly 112, 4.Google Scholar
Hopwood, R. A. and Witten, T. M. 2017. “Spirituality, faith, and religion: The TGNC experience,” in Singh, A. and Dickey, L. M. (eds.) Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Diversity: Affirmative Counseling and Psychological Practice with Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Clients. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 213–30.Google Scholar
Howley, A., Howley, C., and Dudek, M. 2016. “The ins and outs of rural teachers: who are atheists, agnostics, and freethinkers.Journal of Research in Rural Education 31(2).Google Scholar
Hutchinson, S. 2011. Moral Combat: Black Atheists, Gender Politics, and the Values Wars. Los Angeles, CA: Infidel Books.Google Scholar
Inglehart, R. and Norris, P. 2003. Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jack, , 2013. “What Atheism+ could have been,” Atheist Revolution (blog), 2 October. Available at: www.atheistrev.com/2013/10/what-atheism-could-have-been.html.Google Scholar
Johnson, I. 2014. “Chinese atheists? What the Pew Survey gets wrong.” New York Review of Books, 24 March. Available at: www.nybooks.com/daily/2014/03/24/chinese-atheists-pew-gets-wrong.Google Scholar
Khan, M. 2015. “New Atheists and the same old Islamophobia,” The Islamic Monthly, 11 February. Available at: www.theislamicmonthly.com/new-atheists-and-the-same-old-islamophobia.Google Scholar
Kosmin, B. A. 2014. “The vitality of soft secularism in the United States and the challenge posed by the growth of the nones,” in Berlinblau, J., Fainberg, S., and Nou, A. (eds.) Secularism on the Edge. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 3549.Google Scholar
Lackey, M. 2007. “African American atheism: a cause for hope” in Lackey, M. (ed.) African American Atheists and Political Liberation. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 116.Google Scholar
Lain, M. 2017. “Expanding on the experiences of transgender nonreligious people: an exploratory analysis.” Secularism and Nonreligion 6. doi: 10.5334/snr.84.Google Scholar
Le, A. M. 2015. “The intersectionality of being a sexual minority and an atheist.” Dissertation. California State University, Long Beach.Google Scholar
Lee, A. 2015. “Abortion opposition is a religious stance: atheists must help fight for choice,” Guardian, 5 October. Available at: www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/oct/05/abortion-opposition-religious-atheists-must-help-fight-for-choice.Google Scholar
Linneman, T. and Clendenen, M. 2010. “Sexuality and the secular,” in Zuckerman, P. (ed.) Atheism and Secularity, Volume I: Issues, Concepts, and Definitions. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 229–50.Google Scholar
Lundmark, E. and LeDrew, S. 2019. “Unorganized atheism and the secular movement: Reddit as a site for studying ‘lived atheism’.Social Compass 66(1), 112–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcotte, A. 2018. “#WeToo?” The Humanist, 26 April. Available at: https://thehumanist.com/magazine/may-june-2018/features/wetoo.Google Scholar
Mathers, L. 2017. “Expanding on the experiences of transgender nonreligious people: an exploratory analysis.” Secularism and Nonreligion, 6.Google Scholar
McCreight, J. 2012. “Atheism+,” Blag Hag (blog), 19 August. Available at: https://freethoughtblogs.com/blaghag/2012/08/atheism.Google Scholar
Meyer, I. H. 2003. “Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence.” Psychological Bulletin, 129, 674–97.Google Scholar
Mooney, C. 2011. “The future of irreligion, part 2: a conversation with Barry A. Kosmin.” Free Inquiry 31(8), 44.Google Scholar
Munir, L. P. 2019. “Fleeing gender: reasons for displacement in Pakistan’s transgender community,” in Güler, A., Shevtsova, M., and Venturi, D. (eds.) LGBTI Asylum Seekers and Refugees from a Legal and Political Perspective. Cham: Springer, 4969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, PZ. 2012. “The not-so-Amazing Atheist self-immolates,” FreeThought Blogs, 8 February. Available at: https://freethoughtblogs.com/pharyngula/2012/02/08/the-not-so-amazing-atheist-self-immolates.Google Scholar
O’Brien, J. 2004. “Wrestling the angel of contradiction: queer Christian identities.” Culture and Religion 5(2), 179202.Google Scholar
Perry, S. L. 2013. “Multiracial church attendance and support for same‐sex romantic and family relationships.Sociological Inquiry 83(2), 259–85.Google Scholar
Perry, L. E. 2018. Religious Responses to Marriage Equality. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Pew Research Center. 2014. “Young U.S. Catholics overwhelmingly accepting of homosexuality,” 16 October. Available at: www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/10/16/young-u-s-catholics-overwhelmingly-accepting-of-homosexuality.Google Scholar
Pew Research Center. 2017. “Religious landscape study.” Available at: www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study.Google Scholar
Pigliucci, M. 2013. “New atheism and scientism.” Midwest Studies in Philosophy 37, 142–53.Google Scholar
Putnam, R. D. and Campbell, D. E. 2012. American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Reed, N. 2012. “All in,” FreeThought Blogs, 10 August. Available at: https://freethoughtblogs.com/nataliereed/2012/08/10/all-in.Google Scholar
Roose, K. 2019. “The making of a YouTube radical,” New York Times, 8 June. Available at: www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/08/technology/youtube-radical.html.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, G. 2019. “A bill banning most abortions becomes law in Ohio,” NPR, 11 April. Available at: www.npr.org/2019/04/11/712455980/a-bill-banning-most-abortions-becomes-law-in-ohio.Google Scholar
Schieman, S. 2010. “Socioeconomic status and beliefs about God’s influence in everyday life.Sociology of Religion 71(1), 2551.Google Scholar
Schnabel, L. 2016. “Religion and gender equality worldwide: a country-level analysis.Social Indicators Research 129(2), 893907.Google Scholar
Schulzke, M. 2013. “The politics of new atheism.Politics and Religion 6(4), 778–99.Google Scholar
Sherkat, D. E. 2008. “Beyond belief: atheism, agnosticism, and theistic certainty in the United States.Sociological Spectrum 28(5), 438–59.Google Scholar
Smith, J. M. 2013. “Creating a godless community: the collective identity work of contemporary American atheists.Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 52(1), 8099.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobrado, T. 2012. “What is Atheism+ and do we need it?,” HuffPost: The Blog (blog), 12 March. Available at: www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/tony-sobrado/what-is-atheism-and-do-we_b_1937396.html.Google Scholar
Stahl, W. A. 2012. “One-dimensional rage: the social epistemology of the new atheism and fundamentalism,” in Amarasingam, A. (ed.) Religion and the New Atheism.Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books, 95108.Google Scholar
Stedman, C. 2014. “Why atheists should care about transgender issues: a conversation with Kayley Whalen,” Religious News Service, 10 May. Available at: https://religionnews.com/2014/05/10/why-atheists-should-care-about-transgender-issues-a-conversation-with-kayley-whalen/.Google Scholar
Steffenmeier, D., Painter-Davis, N., and Ulmer, J. 2016. “Intersectionality of race, ethnicity, gender, and age on criminal punishment.Sociological Perspectives 60(4), 810–33.Google Scholar
Stenmark, M. 1997. “What is scientism?Religious Studies 33(1), 1532.Google Scholar
Swann, D. 2017. “‘Don’t tell me you’re one of those!’ A qualitative portrait of black atheists.” PhD diss. University of Maryland, College Park.Google Scholar
Tharoor, I. 2016. “These Bangladeshi bloggers were murdered by Islamist extremists: here are some of their writings,” Washington Post, 2 May. Available at: www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/04/29/these-bangladeshi-bloggers-were-murdered-by-islamist-extremists-here-are-some-of-their-writings/?utm_term=.55c660ed0be5.Google Scholar
Torres, P. 2017. “From the Enlightenment to the Dark Ages: How ‘new atheism’ slid into the alt-right,” Salon, 29 July. Available at: www.salon.com/2017/07/29/from-the-enlightenment-to-the-dark-ages-how-new-atheism-slid-into-the-alt-right/4/6.Google Scholar
Trzebiatowska, M. and Bruce, S. 2012. Why Are Women More Religious Than Men?. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Warf, B. 2015. “Atheist geographies and geographies of atheism,” in Brunn, S. (ed.) The Changing World Religion Map. Springer, Dordrecht, 2211–33.Google Scholar
Watson, R. 2011. “Reddit makes me hate atheists,” Skepchick, 29 December. Available at: https://skepchick.org/2011/12/reddit-makes-me-hate-atheists.Google Scholar
Williams, M. E. 2016. “Stop pouting, Richard Dawkins: sharing a rape ‘joke’ targeting an activist is a ‘de-platforming’ offense,” Salon, 29 January. Available at: www.salon.com/2016/01/28/stop_pouting_richard_dawkins_sharing_a_rape_joke_targeting_an_activist_is_a_de_platforming_offense.Google Scholar
Winston, K. 2012. “Blacks say atheists were unseen civil rights heroes,” The Christian Century. Available at: www.christiancentury.org/article/2012–02/blacks-say-atheists-were-unseen-civil-rights-heroes.Google Scholar
Winston, K. 2018. “Leading atheist, accused of sexual misconduct, speaks out,” Washington Post, 6 September. Available at: www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2018/09/06/americas-leading-atheist-accused-of-sexual-misconduct-speaks-out/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.55f87db6dc5a.Google Scholar
Woodhead, L. 2007. “Gender differences in religious practice and significance,” in Beckford, J. and Demerath, N. J. III (eds.) The Sage Handbook of the Sociology of Religion. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 550–70.Google Scholar
Woods, A. 2019. “Cultural Marxism and the cathedral: two alt-right perspectives on critical theory,” in Battista, C. and Sande, M. (eds.) Critical Theory and the Humanities in the Age of the Alt-Right. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. 2018. “HIV/AIDS data and statistics.” Available at: www.who.int/hiv/data/en/.Google Scholar
Zuckerman, P. 2009. “Atheism, secularity, and well‐being: how the findings of social science counter negative stereotypes and assumptions.Sociology Compass 3(6), 949–71.Google Scholar

References

Ammerman, N. 2013. “Spiritual but not religious? Beyond binary choices in the study of religion.Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 52(2), 258–78.Google Scholar
Baker, J. O. and Smith, B. G. 2015. American Secularism: Cultural Contours of Nonreligious Belief Systems. New York: NYU Press.Google Scholar
Benedikter, R. and Siepmann, K. 2016. “‘Transhumanism’: a new global political trend?Challenge 59(1), 4759.Google Scholar
Berger, P. 1974. “Some second thoughts on substantive versus functional definitions of religion.Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 13(2), 125–33.Google Scholar
Brown, C. G. 2016. “Can secular mindfulness be separated from religion?” in Purser, R., Forbes, D., and Burke, A. (eds.) Handbook of Mindfulness: Culture, Context, and Social Engagement. Cham: Springer, 7594.Google Scholar
Cimino, R. and Smith, C. 2014. Atheist Awakening: Secular Activism and Community in America. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cragun, R., Manning, C., and Fazzino, L. (eds.) 2017. Organized Secularism in the United States: New Directions in Research. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Frost, J. 2017. “Rejecting rejection identities: negotiating positive nonreligiosity at the Sunday Assembly,” in Cragun, R., Manning, C., and Fazzino, L. (eds.) Organized Secularism in the United States: New Directions in Research. Berlin: De Gruyter, 171–90.Google Scholar
Knott, K. 2013. “The secular sacred: in-between or both/and?” in Day, A., Cotter, C., and Vincett, G. (eds.) Social Identities Between the Sacred and the Secular. New York: Routledge, 145–60.Google Scholar
Kucinskas, J. 2019. The Mindful Elite: Mobilizing from the Inside Out. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pilsch, A. 2017. Transhumanism: Evolutionary Futurism and the Human Technologies of Utopia. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Schnell, T. and Keenan, W. 2013. “The construction of atheist spirituality: a survey-based study,” in Westerink, H. (ed.) Constructs of Meaning and Religious Transformation: Current Issues in the Psychology of Religion. Vienna: Vienna University Press, 101–18.Google Scholar
Schutz, A. 2017. “Organizational variation in the American nonreligious community,” in Cragun, R., Manning, C., and Fazzino, L. (eds.) Organized Secularism in the United States: New Directions in Research. Berlin: De Gruyter, 113–34.Google Scholar
Smith, J. 2017. “Can the secular be the object of belief and belonging? The Sunday Assembly.Qualitative Sociology 40(1), 83109.Google Scholar
Taves, A., Asprem, E., and Ihm, E. 2018. “Psychology, meaning making, and the study of worldviews: beyond religion and non-religion.Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 10(3), 207–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, J. 2014. Mindful America: The Mutual Transformation of Buddhist Meditation and American Culture. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Yang, F. 2018. “Religion in the global east: challenges and opportunities for the social scientific study of religion.Religions 9, 305–15.Google Scholar

References

Barrett, D. B., Kurian, G., and Johnson, T. (eds.). 2001. World Christian Encyclopedia: A Comparative Survey of Churches and Religions in the Modern World: Volume 1, 2nd edition. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Berlinerblau, J. 2013. ‘Jewish atheism’, in Bullivant, S. and Ruse, M. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Atheism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 320–6.Google Scholar
Bullivant, S. 2020a. ‘Explaining the rise of “nonreligion studies”: subfield formation and institutionalization within the sociology of religion’. Social Compass 67(1), 86102.Google Scholar
Bullivant, S. 2020b. ‘We confess that we are atheists’. New Blackfriars 101(1092), 120–34.Google Scholar
Bullivant, S., and Lee, L. 2016. The Oxford Dictionary of Atheism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bullivant, S. and Ruse, M. (eds.) 2013. The Oxford Handbook of Atheism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bullivant, S., Farias, M., Lanman, J., and Lee, L. 2019. Understanding Unbelief: Atheists and Agnostics Around the World: Interim Findings from 2019 Research in Brazil, China, Denmark, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Twickenham: Benedict XVI Centre for Religion and Society.Google Scholar
Day, A. and Lee, L. 2014. ‘Making sense of surveys and censuses: issues in religious self-identification’. Religion 44(3), 345–56.Google Scholar
Edgell, P., Gerteis, J., and Hartmann, D. 2006. ‘Atheists as “other”: moral boundaries and cultural membership in American Society’. American Sociological Review 71(2), 211–34.Google Scholar
Frazier, J. 2013. ‘Hinduism’, in Bullivant, S. and Ruse, M. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Atheism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 367–79.Google Scholar
Gervais, W. M., and Najle, M. B. 2018. ‘How many atheists are there?’. Social Psychological and Personality Science 9(1), 310.Google Scholar
Gervais, W. M., Shariff, A. F., and Norenzayan, A. 2011. ‘Do you believe in atheists? Distrust is central to anti-atheist prejudice’. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101(6), 1189–206.Google Scholar
Hackett, C. 2014. ‘Seven things to consider when measuring religious identity’. Religion 44(3), 396413.Google Scholar
Hiorth, F. 2003. Atheism in the World. Oslo: Human-Etisk Forbund.Google Scholar
Humanists International. 2019. The Freedom of Thought Report 2019: A Global Report on the Rights, Legal Status and Discrimination Against Humanists, Atheists and the Non-religious: Key Countries Edition. Available at: https://fot.humanists.international (accessed 13 May 2020).Google Scholar
Kettell, S. 2013. ‘Faithless: the politics of New Atheism’. Secularism and Nonreligion 2, 6172.Google Scholar
Keysar, A. and Navarro-Rivera, J. 2013. ‘A world of atheism: Central and Eastern Europe’, in Bullivant, S. and Ruse, M. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Atheism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 553–86.Google Scholar
Martin, M. (ed.) 2007. The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Oak, S.-D. 2012. ‘Competing Chinese names for God: the Chinese term question and its influence upon Korea’. Journal of Korean Religions 3(2), 89115.Google Scholar
Remmel, A. and Friedenthal, M. 2020. ‘Atheism and freethought in Estonian culture’, in Bubík, T., Remmel, A., and Vaclavik, D. (eds.), Freethought and Atheism in Central and Eastern Europe: The Development of Secularity and Nonreligion. London: Routledge, 84110.Google Scholar
Sullivan, A., Voas, D., and Brown, M. 2012. The Art of Asking Questions about Religion. London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies.Google Scholar
Taira, T. 2012. ‘New atheism as identity politics’, in Guest, M. and Arweck, E. (eds.), Religion and Knowledge: Sociological Perspectives. Farnham: Ashgate, 97113.Google Scholar
Tanaka, K. 2010. ‘Limitations for measuring religion in a different cultural context: the case of Japan’. Social Science Journal 47(4), 845–52.Google Scholar
Tomka, M. 2004. ‘Post-Communist Europe and the continued existence of atheism’. Concilium 2, 105–13.Google Scholar
US Census Bureau. 2018. ‘2018 national and state population estimates’. Available at: www.census.gov/newsroom/press-kits/2018/pop-estimates-national-state.html (accessed 29 May 2020).Google Scholar
Vallely, A. 2013. ‘Jainism’, in Bullivant, S. and Ruse, M. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Atheism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 351–66.Google Scholar
Wilson, J. 2019. The Religious Landscape in South Sudan: Challenges and Opportunities for Engagement. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.Google Scholar
Wuthnow, R. 2015. Inventing American Religion: Polls, Surveys, and the Tenuous Quest for a Nation’s Faith. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Xiaoyang, Z. 2010. ‘In the name of God: translation and transformation of Chinese culture, foreign religion, and the reproduction of “Tianzhu” and “Shangdi”’. Journal of Modern Chinese History 4(2), 163–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, F. and Hu, A. 2012. ‘Mapping Chinese folk religion in Mainland China and Taiwan’. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 51(3), 505–21.Google Scholar
Zuckerman, P. 2007. ‘Atheism: contemporary numbers and patterns’, in Martin, M. (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. New York: Cambridge University Press, 4765.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×