Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T04:29:23.589Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 May 2011

Maryemma Graham
Affiliation:
University of Kansas
Jerry W. Ward, Jr
Affiliation:
Dillard University, New Orleans
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aaderma, Verna. Why Mosquitoes Buzz in People's Ears. New York: Scholastic, 1980.Google Scholar
Aaderma, Verna. Talking Black. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 1976.Google Scholar
Abrahams, Roger D.Deep Down in the Jungle: Negro Narrative Folklore from the Streets of Philadelphia. New York: Aldine De Gruyter, 1970.Google Scholar
Accomando, Christina. The Regulation of Robbers: Legal Fictions of Slavery and Resistance. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Adeleke, Tunde. Without Regard to Race: The Other Martin Robison Delany. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2003.Google Scholar
Adisa, Opal Palmer. “I Must Write What I Know So I'll Know I've Known It All Along.” In Pyne-Timothy, Helen. (ed.), The Woman, the Writer and Caribbean Society: Essays on Literature and Culture. Los Angeles, CA: Center for Afro-American Studies Publications, 1997. 102–117.Google Scholar
Adisa, Opal Palmer. “I Will Raise the Alarm: Contemporary Cross-cultural Sites of Racism and Sexism.” In Davies, Carole Boyce, and Ogundipe-Leslie, Molara (eds.), Moving Beyond Boundaries, vol. i: International Dimensions of Black Women's Writing. Washington Square: New York University Press, 1995. 21–37.Google Scholar
Adoff, Arnold (ed.). My Black Me: A Beginning Book of Black Poetry. New York: Puffin, 1995.Google Scholar
Agosto, Denise E., Hughes-Hassell, Sandra, and Catherine Gilmore-Clough. “The All-White World of Middle-School Genre Fiction: Surveying the Field for Multicultural Protagonists.” Children's Literature in Education 34.4 (December 2003): 257–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahmad, Muhammad (Stanford, Max). We Will Return in the Whirlwind: Black Radical Organizations, 1960–1975. Chicago, IL: Charles Kerr, 2007.Google Scholar
Aldiss, Brian. Trillion Year Spree: The History of Science Fiction. London: House of Stratus, 2001.Google Scholar
Alexander, Elizabeth. American Sublime. St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Alexander, Elizabeth. Antebellum Dream Book. St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Alexander, Elizabeth. “Praise Song for the Day.” New York Times. January 20, 2009. www.nytimes.com/2009/01/20/us/politics/20text-poem.html?ref=books. Accessed January 21, 2009.Google Scholar
Alexander, Elizabeth. The Venus Hottentot. St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press 2004.Google Scholar
Alexander, Robert. I Ain't Yo' Uncle: The New Jack Revisionist “Uncle Tom's Cabin.” Woodstock, IL: Dramatic Publishing, 1996.Google Scholar
Alexander, Simone A. James. Mother Imagery in the Novels of Afro-Caribbean Women. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Allen, Richard. “Letter from Bishop Allen.” Freedom's Journal. November 27, 1827.Google Scholar
American Pimp, dir. Hughes, Albert and Hughes, Allen, prod. Messich, Kevin. MGM Underworld Productions, 1998.Google Scholar
Ammons, Elizabeth. Conflicting Stories: American Women Writers at the Turn into the Twentieth Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Ammons, Elizabeth. (ed.). Short Fiction by Black Women, 1900—1920. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Rev. edn. London: Verso, 1991.Google Scholar
Anderson, Carol. Eyes Off the Prize: The United Nations and the African American Struggle for Human Rights, 1944—1955. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Anderson, Carol. “Bleached Souls and Red Negroes: The NAACP and Black Communists.” In Plummer, Brenda Gayle. (ed.), Window on Freedom: Race, Civil Rights, and Foreign Affairs, 1945–1988. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. 93–114.Google Scholar
Anderson, James D.The Education of Blacks in the South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Anderson, Paul Allen. Deep River: Music and Memory in Harlem Renaissance Thought. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrews, Raymond. Appalachee Red. 1978. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Andrews, William L.. (ed.). The Oxford Frederick Douglass Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Andrews, William L.. (ed.). Sisters of the Spirit: Three Black Women's Autobiographies of the Nineteenth Century.Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Andrews, William L.. To Tell a Free Story: The First Century of Afro-American Autobiography, 1760—1865. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Andrews, William, Frances Foster, and Trudier Harris (eds.). The Oxford Companion to African American Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Ansa, Tina McElroy. Baby of the Family. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1989.Google Scholar
Appel, Alfred Jr. Jazz Modernism: From Ellington and Armstrong to Matisse and Joyce. New York: Knopf, 2002.Google Scholar
Appiah, Anthony and Gates, Henry Louis Jr., eds. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999.Google Scholar
Appiah, Kwame Anthony. “Why Africa? Why Art?” In Phillips, Tom (ed.), Africa: The Art of a Continent. Catalogue of Royal Academy of Arts Exhibition. London: 1995. 21–26.Google Scholar
Apter, Emily. “Crossover Texts/Creole Tongues: A Conversation with Maryse Condé.” Public Culture 13.1 (2002): 89–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aptheker, Herbert (ed.). The Correspondence of W. E. B. Du Bois. 1973. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Aptheker, Herbert (ed.). Writings by W. E. B. Du Bois in Non-periodical Literature Edited by Others. New York: Kraus-Thomson, 1982.Google Scholar
Ariès, Phillipe. Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life. New York: Vintage, 1962.Google Scholar
Armstrong, W. H.Sounder. 1969. New York: Harper Trophy, 2002.Google Scholar
Atkinson, Brooks. “The Play.” New York Times, October 23, 1940: 26.Google Scholar
Attaway, William. Blood on the Forge. 1941. Chatham, NJ: Chatham Bookseller, 1969.Google Scholar
Attaway, William. Let Me Breathe Thunder. New York: Doubleday, Doran, 1939.Google Scholar
Auer, J. Jeffery (ed.). Antislavery and Disunion, 1858—1861: Studies in the Rhetoric of Compromise and Conflict. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1968.Google Scholar
Augustine, . Confessions. Trans. Henry Chadwick. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Austin, J. L.How to Do Things with Words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962.Google Scholar
Avorgbedor, Daniel. “The Turner-Schechner Model of Performance as Social Drama: A Re-examination in the Light of Anlo-Ewe Haló.” Research in African Literatures 30.4 (Winter 1999): 144–155.Google Scholar
, Amadou Hampaté. Kaïdara. Trans. Whitman, Daniel. Washington, DC: Three Continents Press, 1988.Google Scholar
, Amadou Hampaté. Koumen: texte initiatique des pasteurs peuls. Paris: Mouton, 1961.Google Scholar
, Amadou Hampaté. “The Living Tradition.” In Ki-Zerbo, J. (ed.), UNESCO General History of Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981. 166–203.Google Scholar
Bacon, Jacqueline. The Humblest May Stand Forth: Rhetoric, Empowerment, and Abolition. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Bailyn, Bernard. The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967.Google Scholar
Baker, Houston A. Jr.Blues, Ideology, and African American Literature: A Vernacular Theory. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Baker, Houston A. Jr.Modernism and the Harlem Renaissance. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Baker, Houston A. Jr.Singers of Daybreak: Studies in Black American Literature. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1974.Google Scholar
Baldwin, James. The Amen Corner. New York: Dial, 1968.Google Scholar
Baldwin, James. “Everybody's Protest Novel.” Partisan Review 16 (1949): 578–585. Repr. in Notes of a Native Son 13–23.Google Scholar
Baldwin, James. The Evidence of Things Not Seen. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1985.Google Scholar
Baldwin, James. The Fire Next Time. New York: Dial, 1963.Google Scholar
Baldwin, James. Giovanni's Room. New York: Dial, 1956.Google Scholar
Baldwin, James. Go Tell It on the Mountain. 1953. New York: Dell, 1980.Google Scholar
Baldwin, James. “History as Nightmare.” Review of Lonely Crusade, by Himes, Chester. New Leader October 25, 1947: 11, 15.Google Scholar
Baldwin, James. If Beale Street Could Talk. New York: Dial, 1974.Google Scholar
Baldwin, James. Just Above My Head. New York: Dell, 1979.Google Scholar
Baldwin, James. Notes of a Native Son. 1955. Boston: Beacon, 1984.Google Scholar
Baldwin, James. “Sonny's Blues”. In Going to Meet the Man. 1965. New York: Vintage, 1993. 101–141.Google Scholar
Baldwin, James. “Stranger in the Village”. Harper's October 1953: 42–48. Repr. in Notes of a Native Son 159–175.Google Scholar
Baldwin, James. Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone. New York: Dial, 1968.Google Scholar
Baldwin, James. “When the War Hits Brownsville”. Review of The Amboy Dukes, by Shulman, Irving. New Leader May 17, 1947: 12.Google Scholar
Bambara, Toni Cade. The Black Woman: An Anthology. New York: New American Library, 1970.Google Scholar
Bambara, Toni Cade. The Salt Eaters. 1980. New York: Vintage, 1992.Google Scholar
Banneker, Benjamin. Copy of a Letter from Benjamin Banneker to the Secretary of State, with his Answer. Philadelphia, PA: Printed and sold by Daniel Lawrence, 1792. In Carretta, Unchained Voices 319–324.Google Scholar
Bannerman, Helen. The Story of Little Babaji. Illustrated by Marcellino, Fred. New York: HarperCollins, 1996.Google Scholar
Bannerman, Helen. The Story of Little Black Sambo. 1899. Bedford, MA: Applewood Books, 1996.Google Scholar
Bannerman, Helen. The Story of Little Black Sambo. Illustrated by Bing, Christopher. New York: Handprint Books, 2003.Google Scholar
Baraka, Amiri. The Autobiography of LeRoi Jones. Chicago, IL: Lawrence Hill, 1997.Google Scholar
Baraka, Amiri. Black Art. Newark: Jihad Productions, 1966.Google Scholar
Baraka, Amiri. “Black Art”. In Transbluency: Selected Poems. Ed. Vangelisti, Paul. New York: Marsilio, 1995.Google Scholar
Baraka, Amiri. Black Magic: Collected Poetry, 1961—1967. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1969.Google Scholar
Baraka, Amiri. Blues People: Negro Music in White America. New York: HarperCollins, 1963.Google Scholar
Baraka, Amiri. The Dead Lecturer. New York: Grove Press, 1964.Google Scholar
Baraka, Amiri. Dutchman & The Slave: Two Plays by LeRoi Jones. New York: William Morrow, 1964.Google Scholar
Baraka, Amiri. The LeRoi Jones/Amiri Baraka Reader. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Baraka, Amiri. The Motion of History, and Other Plays. New York: William Morrow, 1978.Google Scholar
Baraka, Amiri. Poetry for the Advanced. New York: William Morrow, 1979.Google Scholar
Baraka, Amiri. Raise, Race, Rays, Raze. New York: Random House, 1971.Google Scholar
Baraka, Amiri. Somebody Blew Up America and Other Poems. Albany, NY: House of Nehesi, 2003.Google Scholar
Barksdale, Richard and Kinnamon, Keneth (eds.). Black Writers of America: A Comprehensive Anthology. New York: Macmillan, 1972.Google Scholar
Barnes, Steven. Achilles' Choice. New York: Tor Books, 1991.Google Scholar
Barnes, Steven. Blood Brothers. New York: Tor Books, 1996.Google Scholar
Barnes, Steven. The Cestus Deception. New York: Del Rey, 2004.Google Scholar
Barnes, Steven. Far Beyond the Stars. New York: Pocket Books, 1998.Google Scholar
Barnes, Steven. Firedance. New York: Tor Books, 1993.Google Scholar
Barnes, Steven. Gorgon Child. New York: Tor Books, 1989.Google Scholar
Barnes, Steven. The Kundalini Equation. New York: Tor Books 1986.Google Scholar
Barnes, Steven. Lion's Blood: A Novel of Slavery and Freedom. New York: Aspect Books, 2002.Google Scholar
Barnes, Steven. Streetlethal. New York: Ace Books, 1983.Google Scholar
Barnes, Steven. Zulu Heart: A Novel of Slavery and Freedom in an Alternate America. New York: Aspect Books, 2003.Google Scholar
Barthes, Roland. “From Work to Text”. In Vincent Leitch, B. et al. (eds.), The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. New York: W. W. Norton, 2001. 1470–1475.Google Scholar
Bastide, Roger. Les Religions africaines au Brésil: vers une sociologie des interpénétrations de civilisations. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1960.Google Scholar
Baumgartner, Barbara. “The Body as Evidence: Resistance, Collaboration, and Appropriation in ‘The History of Mary Prince.’” Callaloo 24 (Winter 2001): 253–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beatty, Paul. Joker Joker Deuce. New York: Penguin Books, 1994.Google Scholar
Beatty, Paul. The White Boy Shuffle. New York and London: Picador, 2001.Google Scholar
Beavers, Herman. Wrestling Angels into Song: The Fictions of Ernest J. Gaines and James Alan McPherson. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Robert (Slim, Iceberg). Airtight Willie and Me. Los Angeles, CA: Holloway House, 1979.Google Scholar
Beck, RobertMama Black Widow. Los Angeles, CA: Holloway House, 1969.Google Scholar
Beck, RobertThe Naked Soul of Iceberg Slim. Los Angeles, CA: Holloway House, 1971.Google Scholar
Beck, RobertPimp, the Story of My Life. Los Angeles, CA: Holloway House, 1967.Google Scholar
Beck, RobertReflections. Audio recording. ALA Enterprises, 1980.Google Scholar
Beck, RobertTrick Baby. Los Angeles, CA: Holloway House, 1967.Google Scholar
Bell, Bernard W.The Afro-American Novel and Its Tradition. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Bell, Bernard W.The Contemporary African American Novel: Its Folk Roots and Modern Literary Branches. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Bell, Bernard W.Introduction: Clarence Major's Transgressive Voice and Double Consciousness as an African American Postmodernist Artist”. In Bell, Bernard (ed.), Clarence Major and His Art. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. 1–9.Google Scholar
Bellafante, Gina. “A Writer of Erotica Allows a Peek at Herself”. New York Times, August 22, 2004. 91.Google Scholar
Benêt, Stephen Vincent. “Forward to For My People”. In Walker, Margaret, This Is My Century: New and Collected Poems. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1989. 3–5.Google Scholar
Benjamin, Shanna Greene. “Race, Faces and False Fronts: Shakespearean Signifying in the Colored American Magazine”. African American Review 43.3 (2010): 23.Google Scholar
Bennett, Michael. Democratic Discourses: The Radical Abolition Movement and Antebellum American Literature. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Benston, Kimberly. Performing Blackness: Enactments of African-American Modernism. London and New York: Routledge, 2000.Google Scholar
Bercovitch, Sacvan (ed.). The Cambridge History of American Literature, vol. III: Prose Writing 1860—1920. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergson, Henri. Le Rire: essai sur la signification du comique. 1940. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1969.Google Scholar
Berman, Carolyn Vellenga. Creole Crossings: Domestic Fiction and the Reform of Colonial Slavery. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Bernard, Emily. Remember Me to Harlem: The Letters of Langston Hughes and Carl Van Vechten. New York: Random House, 2001.Google Scholar
Berry, Mary Frances. My Face Is Black Is True: Callie House and the Struggle for Ex-Slave Reparations. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005.Google Scholar
Bethel, Elizabeth Rauh. The Roots of African-American Identity: Memory and History in Antebellum Free Communities. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.Google Scholar
Bhabha, Homi K.The Location of Culture. New York: Routledge, 1994.Google Scholar
Bibb, Henry. The Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, An American Slave, Written by Himself. New York: Published by the Author, 1850.Google Scholar
Bigsby, C. W. E. (ed.), The Black American Writer. Deland, FL: Everett and Edwards, 1969.Google Scholar
Bishop, Rudine Sims. “African American Literature for Children: Anchor, Compass, and Sail”. Perspectives 7 (1991): ix-xii.Google Scholar
Bishop, Rudine Sims. Free Within Ourselves: The Development of African American Children's Literature. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2007.Google Scholar
Bishop, Rudine Sims. “Mirrors, Windows, and Sliding Glass Doors”. Perspectives 6 (1990): ix-xi.Google Scholar
,Black Museum History Committee. Black Poets Write On: An Anthology of Black Philadelphia Poets. Philadelphia, PA: Black Museum History Committee, 1970.
Thunder, Black. New York: Macmillan, 1936.Google Scholar
Black, Daniel. The Sacred Place.New York: St. Martin's/Griffin, 2007.Google Scholar
Black, Daniel. They Tell Me of Home. New York: St. Martin's, 2006.Google Scholar
Blackett, R. J. M.Beating against the Barriers: The Lives of Six Nineteenth-Century Afro-Americans. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Blackett, R. J. M.Building an Antislavery Wall: Black Americans in the Atlantic Abolitionist Movement, 1830–1860. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Bland, EdwardThe Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.Google Scholar
Bland, EdwardSocial Forces Shaping the Negro Novel”. Negro Quarterly 1.2 (1942): 241–248.Google Scholar
Bland, Edward. “Racial Bias and Negro Poetry”. Poetry 53.6 (March 1944): 328–333.Google Scholar
Bland, Eleanor Taylor. Dead Time. New York: St. Martin's, 1992.Google Scholar
Bland, Eleanor Taylor. Gone Quiet. New York: Signet, 1994.Google Scholar
Bland, Eleanor Taylor. Slow Burn. New York: St. Martin's, 1993.Google Scholar
Blassingame, John W.Introduction to Volume One.” In John W. Blassingame, John R. McKivigan and Hinks, Peter P. (eds.), The Frederick Douglass Papers; Series Two: Autobiographical Writings, vol. I: Narrative. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999. xvii-xlix.Google Scholar
Blassingame, John W.The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellem South. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1979.Google Scholar
Blight, David W.Beyond the Battlefield: Race, Memory, and the American Civil War. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Blight, David W.Introduction: ‘A Psalm of Freedom.’” In Blight, David W. (ed.), Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself. Boston, MA: Bedford, 1993. 1–23.Google Scholar
Block, Melissa. “A New Interpretation for Little Black Sambo: Lifting a Children's Book Out of a Racist and Troubled History.” All Things Considered. National Public Radio. December 23, 2003. www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?story Id=1567555. Accessed March 7, 2005.Google Scholar
Blockett, Kimberly and Rutledge, Gregory (eds.). “‘The Nellie Tree’, or Disbanding the Wheatley Court.” African American Review 40.1 [special issue on Nellie McKay] (Spring 2006): 39–65.Google Scholar
Bolden, Tony. Afro-Blue: Improvisations in African American Poetry and Culture. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Bolden, Tony. “All the Birds Sing Bass: The Revolutionary Blues of Jayne Cortez.” African American Review (Spring 2001). 61–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bone, Robert A.The Negro Novel in America. 1958. Rev. edn. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1965.Google Scholar
Bone, Robert A.Richard Wright and the Chicago Renaissance.” Callaloo Richard Wright Special Issue, ed. Graham, Maryemma 28 (Summer 1986): 446–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonetti, Kay, et al. (eds.) Conversations with American Novelists. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Bonner, Marita. “On Being Young – A Female – and Colored.” 1925. Repr. in Flynn, Joyce, and Striklin, Joyce Occomy (eds.), Frye Street and Environs: The Collected Works of Marita Bonner. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1987. 3–9.Google Scholar
Bontemps, Arna. Story of the Negro. 5th edn. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969.Google Scholar
Bowra, M. C.Primitive Song. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1962.Google Scholar
Boyd, Melba Joyce. Discarded Legacy: Politics, and Poetics in the Life of Frances E. W. Harper, 1825—1911. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Boyd, Melba Joyce. Wrestling with the Muse: Dudley Randall and the Broadside Press. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Bröeck, Sabine. Der entkolonisierte Koerper. Frankfurt: Lang, 1988.Google Scholar
Bradley, David. The Chaneysville Incident. 1981. New York: Harper and Row, 1982.Google Scholar
Bradley, Patricia. Slavery, Propaganda, and the American Revolution. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1998.Google Scholar
Braithwaite, William Stanley. Lyrics of Life and Love. Boston: Herbert B. Turner, 1904.Google Scholar
Braithwaite, William Stanley. “The Negro in American Literature.” 1924. Repr. in Locke, Alain (ed.), The New Negro [1925]. New York: Atheneum. 1970. 29–44; New York: Touchstone, 1997. 29–44.Google Scholar
Brathwaite, KamauThe Arrivants: A New World Trilogy. 1973. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978.Google Scholar
Brathwaite, KamauRoots. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Brawley, Benjamin. The Negro in Literature and Art in the United States. 1918. New York: Duffield, 1930.Google Scholar
Braxton, Joanne. Black Women Writing Autobiography: A Tradition within a Tradition. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Brodber, Erna. “Beyond the Boundary - Magical Realism in the Jamaican Frame of Reference.” Conference paper dated April 1994. Published in Brathwaite, Edward K. and Ries, Timothy J. (eds.), Annals of Scholarship 12.1 and 2 (1997): 41–47; and in Reiss, Timothy J. (ed.), Sisyphus and Eldorado: Magical and Other Realisms in Caribbean Literature. Trenton, NJ: African World Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Brodhead, Richard. “Introduction.” In The Conjure Woman and Other Conjure Tales. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1993. 1–21.Google Scholar
Bromfield, Ann and Campbell, Donald. From Pimp Stick to Pulpit: The Story of Don “Magic” Juan. New York: Vantage, 1994.Google Scholar
Brooks, Gwendolyn. Annie Allen. New York: HarperCollins, 1949.Google Scholar
Brooks, Gwendolyn. A Street in Bronzeville. New York: Harpers, 1945.Google Scholar
Brooks, Gwendolyn. Blacks. Chicago, IL: The David Company, 1987.Google Scholar
Brooks, Gwendolyn. Maud Martha. New York: Harpers, 1953.Google Scholar
Brooks, Gwendolyn. Report from Part One. Detroit, MI: Broadside Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Brooks, Joanna. American Lazarus: Religion and the Rise of African-American and Native American Literatures. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Brooks, Peter. The Melodramatic Imagination: Balzac, Henry James, Melodrama, and the Mode of Excess. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Brooks, Wanda M. and McNair, Jonda C. (eds.). Embracing, Evaluating, and Examining African American Children's and Young Adult Literature. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Brown, Carlyle. “The First Multiculturalist.” Review of White People Do Not Know How to Behave at Entertainments Designed for Ladies and Gentlemen of Colour: William Brown's African and American Theater, by Marvin McAllister. American Theatre 21.3 (2004): 47–49.Google Scholar
Brown, Christopher Leslie. Moral Capital: Foundations of British Abolitionism.Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Brown, Lloyd L.Iron City. 1951. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Brown, Lloyd L.Which Way the Negro Writer: Part Two.” Masses and Mainstream 14.4 (1951): 50–59.Google Scholar
Brown, Lloyd L.White Flag.” Review of Lonely Crusade, by Chester Himes. New Masses 9 (September 1947): 18.Google Scholar
Brown, Lois. Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins: Black Daughter of the Revolution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Brown, Priscilla Ann and Coleman, WandaWhat Saves Us: An Interview with Wanda Coleman.Callaloo 26.3 (Summer 2003): 635–661.Google Scholar
Brown, Sterling A.‘Luck Is a Fortune’.” The Nation 145 (October 16, 1937): 409–10.Google Scholar
Brown, Sterling A.The Negro in American Fiction. 1938. Washington, DC: The Associates in Negro Folk Education, 1938.Google Scholar
Brown, Sterling A.Negro Character as Seen by White Authors.” Journal of Negro Education 2 (1933): 179–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, Sterling A.Negro Folk Expression.” Phylon (1940–56) 11.4 (4th Qtr., 1950): 318–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, Sterling A.Negro Poetry and Drama. 1938. New York: Atheneum, 1969.Google Scholar
Brown, Sterling A.Old Time Tales.” New Masses 25 (February. 1936): 24–25.Google Scholar
Brown, Sterling A.Southern Road. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1932. Brown, Sterling A., Arthur, P. Davis, and Lee, Ulysses (eds.). “Introduction.” In Negro Caravan. New York: Dryden Press, 1941. 2–7.Google Scholar
Brown, William Wells. Anti-Slavery Harp: A Collection of Songs for Anti-Slavery Meetings.Boston, MA: Bela Marsh, 1848.Google Scholar
Brown, William Wells. Clotel; or, The President's Daughter: A Narrative of Slave Life in United States. 1853. Ed. Levine, Robert S.. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000.Google Scholar
Brown, William Wells. A Lecture Delivered before the Female Anti-Slavery Society of Salem, at Hall, Lyceum, Nov. 14, 1847. Boston: Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, 1847.Google Scholar
Brown, William Wells. Narrative of William W. Brown, A Fugitive Slave. Written by Himself. Boston: The Anti-slavery Office, 1847.Google Scholar
Brown[e], Gertrude Dorsey. “A Case of Measure for Measure.” 1906. In Ammons, Short Fiction375–419.Google Scholar
Brown[e], Gertrude Dorsey. “Scrambled Eggs.” 1905. In Ammons, Short Fiction328–353.Google Scholar
Bruce, Dickson D. Jr. Black American Writing from the Nadir: The Evolution of a Literary Tradition, 1877—1915. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Bruce, Dickson D. Jr. The Origins of African American Literature, 1680—1865. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2001.Google Scholar
Bryan, Ashley. The Dancing Granny. New York: Aladdin, 1987.Google Scholar
Bryant-Jackson, Paul and Overbeck, Lois More (eds.). Intersecting Boundaries: The Theatre of Adrienne Kennedy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Buell, Lawrence. New England Literary Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burleigh, Robert. Langston's Train Ride. New York: Orchard Books, 2004.Google Scholar
Burr, Sandra. Review of Impossible Witnesses: Truth, Abolitionists, and Slave Testimony, by McBride, Dwight A.. African American Review 37.1 (2003): 150–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burt-Murray, Angela, Miller, Mitzi, and Millner, Denene. A Vow: A Novel. New York: Amistad, 2005.Google Scholar
Butcher, Margaret Just. The Negro in American Culture. 1956. 2nd edn, New York: Knopf, 1972.Google Scholar
Butler, Octavia E.Adulthood Rites. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 1988.Google Scholar
Butler, Octavia E.Clay's Ark. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 1984.Google Scholar
Butler, Octavia E.Dawn. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 1987.Google Scholar
Butler, Octavia E.Imago. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 1989.Google Scholar
Butler, Octavia E.Kindred. 1979. Boston, MA: Beacon, 2003.Google Scholar
Butler, Octavia E.Mind of my Mind. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 1977.Google Scholar
Butler, Octavia E.Parable of the Sower. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 1993.Google Scholar
Butler, Octavia E.Parable of the Talents. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 1998.Google Scholar
Butler, Octavia E.Patternmaster. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 1976.Google Scholar
Butler, Octavia E.Survivor. London: Pan Macmillan, 1978.Google Scholar
Butler, Octavia E.Wild Seed. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 1980.Google Scholar
Butler, Robert. “The Postmodern City in Colson Whitehead's The Colossus of New York and Jeffrey Renard Allen's Rails Under My Back.” CLA Journal 48.1 (2004): 71–87.Google Scholar
Butterfield, Stephen. Black Autobiography in America. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1974.Google Scholar
Byerman, Keith. Fingering the Jagged Grain: Tradition and Form in Recent Black Fiction. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Byerman, Keith. Remembering the Past in Contemporary African American Fiction. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Calame-Griaule, Geneviève. Ethnologie et langage: la parole chez les Dogon. Paris: Gallimard, 1965.Google Scholar
Callahan, Allen Dwight. The Talking Book: African Americans and the Bible. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Campbell, James Edwin. “De S'prise Pa'ty.” In Echoes from the Cabin and Elsewhere 19–21. Echoes from the Cabin and Elsewhere. Chicago, IL: Donohue and Henneberry, Printers, 1895.Google Scholar
Capriccioso, Rob. “Toni Morrison's Challenge.” CFK: Connect for Kids/Child Advocacy 360/Youth Policy Action Center (July 25, 2003). www.connectforkids.org/node/487. Accessed July 6, 2005.Google Scholar
Carby, Hazel. Reconstructing Womanhood: The Emergence of the Afro-American Woman Novelist. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Carey, Brycchan, Ellis, Markman, and Salih, Sara (eds.). Discourses of Slavery and Abolition: Britain and Its Colonies, 1760–1838. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carey, Brycchan. British Abolitionism and the Rhetoric of Sensibility: Writing, Sentiment and Slavery 1760–1880. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carey, Lynn. “Playwright Lets His Characters Do the Work.” Time Out 6 (October 1991): Sec. 9.34.Google Scholar
Carpio, Glenda. Laughing Fit to Kill: Black Humor in the Fictions of Slavery. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Carretta, Vincent (ed.). Equiano the African: Biography of a Self-Made Man. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Carretta, Vincent (ed.). The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings. New York: Penguin, 1995; rev. edn 2003.Google Scholar
Carretta, Vincent (ed.). Phillis Wheatley, Complete Writings. New York: Penguin, 2001.Google Scholar
Carretta, Vincent (ed.). Unchained Voices: An Anthology of Black Authors in the English-Speaking World of the Eighteenth Century. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1996; rev. edn 2004.Google Scholar
Carretta, Vincent and Gould, Philip (eds.). Genius in Bondage: The Literatures of the 18th Century Black Atlantic. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Carroll, Anne Elizabeth. Word, Image, and the New Negro: Representation and Identity in the Harlem Renaissance. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Carson, Warren J.Conversations with Albert Murray. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1997.Google Scholar
Carter, Dan T.Scottsboro: A Tragedy of the American South. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Caruth, Cathy. Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative, and History. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Casey, Ethan. “Remembering Haiti.” Review of Breath, Eyes, Memory, by Danticat, Edwidge. Callaloo 18.2 (1995): 524–526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castoriadis, Cornelius. L'Institution imaginaire de la société. Paris: Seuil, 1975. Trans. Blamey, Kathleen. The Imaginary Institution of Society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Castronovo, Russ. Fathering the Nation: American Genealogies of Slavery and Freedom. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Castronovo, Russ. “Radical Configurations of History in the Era of American Slavery.” American Literature 65 (1993): 523–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cataliotti, Robert H.The Music in African American Fiction. New York: Garland, 1995.Google Scholar
Cayton, Horace. “Black Boy: Negroes' Hatred of Whites and Fear of His Hate in Wright's Autobiography.” Pittsburgh Courier January 13 1945: 7.Google Scholar
Cayton, Horace. “The Psychological Approach to Race Relations.” Reed College Bulletin 25 (1946): 8–27.Google Scholar
Chaney, Michael. Fugitive Vision: Slave Image and Black Identity in Antebellum Narrative.Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Chapman, Abraham (ed.). New Black Voices: An Anthology of Contemporary Afro-American Literature. New York: Mentor, 1972Google Scholar
Cherry, James E.Shadow of Light. New York: Serpent's Tail, 2008.Google Scholar
Chesnutt, Charles W.The Colonel's Dream. 1905. Miami, FL: Mnemosyne, 1969.Google Scholar
Chesnutt, Charles W.The Conjure Woman. 1899. Chicago, IL: University of Michigan Press, 1969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chesnutt, Charles W.The House behind the Cedars. 1900. New York: Collier Books, 1969.Google Scholar
Chesnutt, Charles W.The Marrow of Tradition. 1901. Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Paperbacks, 1969.Google Scholar
,Chicago Commission on Race Relations. The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Relations and a Race Riot. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1922.
Christian, Barbara. Black Women Novelists: The Development of a Tradition. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1980.Google Scholar
Christian, Barbara. “A Checkered Career.” Women's Review of Books 9.10/11 (July 1992): 18–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christian, Barbara. “The Race for Theory.” Cultural Critique 6 (Spring 1987): 50–75.Google Scholar
Chude-Sokei, Louis. The Last “Darky”: Bert Williams, Black-on-Black Minstrelsy, and the African Diaspora. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
,Civil Rights Congress. We Charge Genocide: The Historic Petition to the United Nations for Relief from a Crime of the United States Government against the Negro People. 1951. Ed. Patterson, William L.. New York: International Publishers, 1970.Google Scholar
Clark, Keith. “Race, Ritual Reconnection, Reclamation: August Wilson and the Refiguration of the Male Dramatic Subject.” In Clark, Black Manhood in James Baldwin, Ernest J. Gaines and August Wilson. Urbana: Illinois University Press, 2002. 94–126.Google Scholar
Clark, Vévé. “I Have Made Peace with My Island: An Interview with Maryse Condé.” Callaloo 12.1 (1989): 85–133.Google Scholar
Clark-Bekederemo, J. P. (ed.). The Ozidi Saga: Collected and Translated from the Oral Ijo Version of Okabou Ojobolo. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Clarke, Cheryl. “After Mecca”: Women Poets and the Black Arts Movement. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Clarkson, Thomas. An Essay on the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species (particularly the African. Translated from a Latin dissertation). Dublin: Privately printed, 1786.Google Scholar
Cleaver, Eldridge. Soul on Ice. 1968. New York: Dell Publishing, 1999.Google Scholar
Cliff, Michelle. No Telephone to Heaven. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1987.Google Scholar
Clifton, Lucille. Good Woman: Poems and Memoir, 1969–1980. New York: BOA Editions, 1987.Google Scholar
Clifton, Lucille. Mercy: Poems. Rochester, NY: BOA Editions, 2004.Google Scholar
Clifton, Lucille. Next: New Poems. St. Paul, MN: Bookslinger, 1987Google Scholar
Clifton, Lucille. Some of the Days of Everett Anderson. New York: Henry Holt, 1987.Google Scholar
Clifton, Lucille. Two-Headed Woman. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980.Google Scholar
Clinton, Catherine. The Other Civil War: American Women in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Hill and Wang, 1999.Google Scholar
Cobb, William Jelani. To the Break of Dawn: A Freestyle on the Hip Hop Aesthetic. New York: New York University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Cohen, Jean. Le Haut Langage: théorie de la poéticité. Paris: Flammarion, 1979.Google Scholar
Coleman, James. Blackness and Modernism: The Literary Career of John Edgar Wideman.Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1989.Google Scholar
Coleman, Wanda. African Sleeping Sickness: Stories and Poems. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Coleman, Wanda. Bath Water Wine. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Coleman, Wanda. Imagoes. Santa Barbara, CA: Black Sparrow Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Coleman, Wanda. Mad Dog Black Lady. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow Press, 1979.Google Scholar
Collins, Lisa Gail and Crawford, Margo Natalie. New Thoughts on the Black Arts Movement. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Collins, Michael and Mufwene, Salikoko. “The Antipanopticon of Etheridge Knight.” PMLA 123.3 (2008): 580–597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, Michael and Mufwene, Salikoko. “What It Means When We Say ‘Creole’: An Interview with Salikoko S. Mufwene.” Callaloo 28.2 (2005): 425–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, Michael. “Komunyakaa, Collaboration, and the Wishbone: An Interview.” Callaloo 28.3 (Summer 2005): 620–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Condé, Maryse. I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem. 1986. Trans. Philcox, Richard. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1992.Google Scholar
Cooke, Michael G.Afro-American Literature in the Twentieth Century: The Achievement of Intimacy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Cooper, Anna Julia. “Womanhood a Vital Element in the Regeneration and Progress of a Race.” In A Voice from the South. 1892. Ed. with an introduction by Helen, Mary Washington. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. 9–47.Google Scholar
Cooper, J. California. Family. New York: Doubleday, 1991.Google ScholarPubMed
Cooper, Wayne. “Introduction.” In The Passion of Claude McKay: Selected Prose and Poetry 1912—1948. New York: Schocken Books, 1973: 1—41.Google Scholar
Cope, Trevor (ed.). Izibongo: Zulu Praise Poems. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.Google Scholar
Corbould, Clare. Becoming African Americans: Black Public Life in Harlem, 1919–1939. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cortez, Jayne. Celebrations and Solitudes. Bola Press Records, 1975.Google Scholar
Cortez, Jayne. Coagulations. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Cortez, Jayne. Festivals and Funerals. New York: Phrase Text, 1971.Google Scholar
Cortez, Jayne. Find Your Own Voice. 2006.
Cortez, Jayne. Firespitter. Bola Press Records, 1982.Google Scholar
Cortez, Jayne. Maintain Control. Bola Press Records, 1986.Google Scholar
Cortez, Jayne. Mouth on Paper. Bola Press Records, 1977.Google Scholar
Cortez, Jayne. Pisstained Stairs and the Monkey Man's Wares. New York: Phrase Text, 1969.Google Scholar
Cortez, Jayne. Poetry and Music. Indigo, 1994.Google Scholar
Cortez, Jayne. Scarifications. Bola Press Records, 1973.Google Scholar
Cortez, Jayne. Somewhere in Advance of Nowhere. New York: Serpent's Tail, 1996.Google Scholar
Cortez, Jayne. Taking the Blues Back Home. Polygram Records, 1996.Google Scholar
Cortez, Jayne. There It Is. Bola Press Records, 1982.Google Scholar
Cortez, Jayne. Unsubmissive Blues. Bola Press Records, 1980.Google Scholar
Covi, Giovanna. Jamaica Kincaid's Prismatic Subjects: Making Sense of Being in the World. London: Mango Publishing, 2003.Google Scholar
Crouch, Stanley. “Toward a Purer Black Poetry Esthetic.” Journal of Black Poetry 1.10 (Fall 1968): 28.Google Scholar
Crummell, Alexander. “The Attitude of the American Mind toward the Negro Intellect.” 1898. In Long and Collier, Afro-American Writing125–128.Google Scholar
Crummell, Alexander. “The Black Woman of the South: Her Neglects and Her Needs.” In Daley, James (ed.), Great Speeches by African Americans. Mineola, NY: Dover, 2006. 73–80.Google Scholar
Cruse, Harold. The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual: A Historical Analysis of the Failure of Black Leadership. 1967. New York: Quill, 1984.Google Scholar
Cuffee, Paul. A Brief Account of the Settlement and Present Situation of the Colony of Sierra Leone in Africa. New York: printed by Samuel Wood, 1812. In Porter, Early Negro Writing256–264.
Cugoano, Ottabah. Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil and Wicked Traffic of the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species. 1797. Ed. Carretta, Vincent. New York: Penguin, 1999.Google Scholar
Cullen, Countee. Caroling Dusk. New York and London: Harper and Brothers, 1927.Google Scholar
Cullen, Countee. “Heritage.” In Color. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1925.Google Scholar
Cullen, Countee. One Way to Heaven. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1932.Google Scholar
Dance, Daryl Cumber (ed.). Fifty Caribbean Writers: A Bio-Bibliographical and Critical Sourcebook. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Dance, Daryl Cumber. “An Interview with Paule Marshall.” Southern Review 28:1 (January 1992): 1–20.Google Scholar
Dance, Daryl Cumber. (ed.). New World Adams: Conversations with Contemporary West Indian Writers. Leeds: Peepal Tree Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Danley, Charrita. Through the Crack. Riverdale, GA: Chideria, 2004.Google Scholar
Danner, Margaret and Randall, Dudley. Poem Counterpoem. Detroit, MI: Broadside, 1969.Google Scholar
Danticat, Edwidge. Breath, Eyes, Memory. 1994. New York: Vintage Books, 1995.Google Scholar
Davis, Allison. “Our Negro ‘Intellectuals’.” The Crisis 35 (August 1928): 184, 268–269.Google Scholar
Davis, Arthur P.Integration and Race Literature.” Phylon 17 (1956): 141–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Arthur P.Review: Hard Boiled FictionJournal of Negro Education 15.4 (Autumn 1946): 648–649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Arthur P., Redding, J. Saunders and Joyce, Joyce Ann (eds.). The New Cavalcade: African American Writing from 1760 to the Present. Washington, DC: Howard, 1991.Google Scholar
Davis, Charles T. and Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (eds.). The Slave's Narrative. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Davis, David Brion. The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770—1823. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Davis, David Brion. The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1966.Google Scholar
Davis, Frank Marshall. Black Moods: Collected Poems. Ed. Tidwell, John Edgar. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Davis, Frank Marshall. Writings of Frank Marshall Davis: A Voice of the Black Press. Ed. Tidwell, John Edgar. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2007.Google Scholar
Davis, Kimberly Chabot. “‘Postmodern Blackness’: Tony Morrison's Beloved and the End of History.” Twentieth Century Literature 44.2 (1998): 242–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Thadeous. Nella Larsen, Novelist of the Harlem Renaissance. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
De Man, Paul. Blindness and Insight: Essays in the Rhetoric of Contemporary Criticism. Trans. Godzich, Wlad. 2nd edn. New York: Routledge, 1983.Google Scholar
De Santis, Christopher C. (ed.). The Collected Works of Langston Hughes, vol ix: Essays. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001.Google Scholar
De Veaux, Alexis. Warrior Poet: A Biography of Audre Lorde. New York: W. W. Norton, 2004.Google Scholar
Dearborn, Mary V.Pocahontas's Daughters: Gender and Ethnicity in American Culture. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1986.Google Scholar
DeBerry, Virginia and Grant, Donna. Better Than I Know Myself. New York: St. Martin's, 2004.Google Scholar
DeBerry, Virginia and Grant, Donna. Gotta Keep On Tryin'. New York: Touchstone, 2008.Google Scholar
DeBerry, Virginia and Grant, Donna. Tryin' to Sleep in the Bed You Made. New York: St. Martin's, 2000.Google Scholar
DeCosta-Willis, Miriam, Martin, Reginald and Bell, Roseann P. (eds.). érotique noir: Black Erotica. New York: Doubleday, 1992.Google Scholar
Delaney, David. Race, Place, and the Law: 1836–1948. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Delany, Samuel. Babel-17/Empire Star. 1966. New York: Vintage, 2002.Google Scholar
Delany, Samuel. Dhalgren. 1975. New York: Vintage, 2001.Google Scholar
Delany, Samuel. The Jewels of Aptor. New York: Ace, 1962.Google Scholar
Delany, Samuel. Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand. 1984. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Delany, Samuel. Through the Valley of the Nest of Spiders.New York: Alyson Books. 2008.Google Scholar
DeLombard, Jeannine Marie. Slavery on Trial: Law, Abolitionism, and Print Culture.Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demby, William. Beetlecreek, A Novel.New York: Rinehart, 1950.Google Scholar
Dent, Thomas C., Schechner, Richard, and Moses, Gilbert (eds.). The Free Southern Theater, by the Free Southern Theater: A Documentary of the South's Radical Black Theater, with Journals, Letters, Poetry, Essays, and a Play Written by Those Who Built It. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1969.Google Scholar
Detter, Thomas. Nellie Brown, or The Jealous Wife. 1871. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1996.Google Scholar
DeVries, Hilary. “A Song in Search of Itself.” American Theatre (January 1987): 22–26.Google Scholar
Dewberry, Jonathan. “The African Grove Theatre and Company.” Black American Literature Forum 16.4 (1982): 128–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickey, Eric Jerome. Cheaters.New York: Penguin/Dutton, 1999.Google Scholar
Dickson, John. Rosebudd, the American Pimp. Los Angeles, CA: Real Fly, 2001.Google Scholar
Dickson-Carr, Darryl. African American Satire: The Sacredly Profane Novel. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Diedrich, Maria, Gates, Henry Louis Jr., and Pedersen, Carl (eds.). Black Imagination and the Middle Passage. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Dixon, MelvinVanishing Rooms.New York: Penguin, 1991.Google Scholar
Dixon, Melvin. Ride Out the Wilderness: Geography and Identity in Afro-American Literature. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Dixon, Thomas. The Leopard's Spots: A Romance of the White Man's Burden 1865—1900. 1902. New York: Smyth, 2008.Google Scholar
Douglass, Frederick. “The Heroic Slave”. In Andrews, The Oxford Frederick Douglass 131–163. My Bondage and My Freedom. New York: Miller, Orton and Mulligan, 1855.Google Scholar
Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. 1845. New York: Penguin, 1986.Google Scholar
Dove, Rita. American Smooth. New York: W. W. Norton, 2006.Google Scholar
Dove, Rita. The Darker Face of the Earth: A Verse Play. Brownsville, OR: Story Line Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Dove, Rita. Grace Notes. New York: W. W. Norton, 1989.Google Scholar
Dove, Rita. Mother Love. New York: W. W. Norton, 1995.Google Scholar
Dove, Rita. On the Bus with Rosa Parks. New York: W.W. Norton, 1999.Google Scholar
Dove, Rita. Selected Poems. New York: Vintage Books, 1993.Google Scholar
Dove, Rita. Thomas and Beulah. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie-Mellon University Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Drake, St. Clair. “Profiles: Chicago.” Journal of Educational Sociology 17.5 (January 1944): 261–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, St. Clair and Cayton, Horace R.. Black Metropolis: A Study of Negro Life in a Northern City. 1945. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Drury, John. The Poetry Dictionary. Cincinnati, OH: Story Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Du Bois, W. E. B.The Autobiography of W. E. B. Du Bois: A Soliloquy on Viewing My Life from the Last Decade of Its First Century. New York: International Publishers: 1968.Google Scholar
Du Bois, W. E. B.Black Reconstruction in America, 1860–1880. Intro. Lewis, David Levering. New York: Atheneum, 1992.Google Scholar
Du Bois, W. E. B.Books.” The Crisis 33 (December 1926): 81.Google Scholar
Du Bois, W. E. B.The Comet.” 1920. Repr. in Thomas, Dark Matter5–18.Google Scholar
Du Bois, W. E. B.Criteria of Negro Art.” The Crisis (October 1926): 290–297.Google Scholar
Du Bois, W. E. B.Krigwa Little Theatre Movement.” The Crisis 32 (July 1926): 134–136.Google Scholar
Du Bois, W. E. B.The Negro Church. Atlanta, GA: Atlanta University Press, 1903.Google Scholar
Du Bois, W. E. B.The Negro and Communism.” In W.E.B. Du Bois: The Crisis Writings. Ed. Walden, Daniel. New York: Fawcett Publications, 1972. 379.Google Scholar
Du Bois, W. E. B.The Negro in Literature and Art.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 49–50 (September 1913): 233–239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Du Bois, W. E. B.The Quest of the Silver Fleece. 1911. Miami, FL: Mnemosyne, 1969.Google Scholar
Du Bois, W. E. B. Review of The Myth of the Negro Past, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, by Herskovits, Melville. 222. Winning Both the War and the Peace (July 1942): 226–227 www.jstor.org/stable/2085040.CrossRef
Du Bois, W. E. B.The Souls of Black Folk. 1903. New York: Modern Library, 2003.Google Scholar
Du Bois, W. E. B.The Souls of Black Folk: Authoritative Texts, Contexts and Criticism. Ed. Gates, Henry Louis Jr. and Oliver, Terri Hume. New York: Norton, 1999.Google Scholar
Du Bois, W. E. B.The Souls of Black Folk: Writings. New York: Library of America, 1996.Google Scholar
Du Bois, W. E. B.Writings: The Suppression of the African Slave Trade, The Souls of Black Folk, Dusk of Dawn, Essays and Articles. New York: Library of America, 1987.Google Scholar
Dubey, Madhu. Signs and Cities: Black Literary Postmodernism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DuCille, Ann. The Coupling Convention: Sex, Text, and Tradition in Black Women's Fiction.New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Duck, Leigh Anne. The Nation's Region: Southern Modernism, Segregation, and U.S. Nationalism. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Due, Tananarive. The Between. New York: HarperCollins, 1995.Google Scholar
Due, Tananarive. The Good House: A Novel. New York: Atria, 2003.Google Scholar
Due, Tananarive. The Living Blood. New York: Atria, 2001.Google Scholar
Due, Tananarive.My Soul to Keep. New York: HarperCollins, 1997.Google Scholar
Dumas, Henry. Echo Tree: The Collected Short Fiction of Henry Dumas. Ed. with Foreword by Redmond, Eugene B.. Minneapolis, MN: Coffee House Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Dumas, Henry. Knees of a Natural Man: The Selected Poetry of Henry Dumas. Ed. with Introduction by Redmond, Eugene B.. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Dunbar, Paul Laurence. Clorindy, or the Origin of the Cakewalk. 1898. Afro-American Sheet Music 1850—1920. Library of Congress. American Memory. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/sheetmusic/brown/aasmsprs4.html. Accessed May 21, 2010.Google Scholar
Dunbar, Paul Laurence. The Complete Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1903.Google Scholar
Dunbar, Paul Laurence. The Fanatics. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1901.Google Scholar
Dunbar, Paul Laurence. Lyrics of Lowly Life: The Poetry of Paul Laurence Dunbar. 1896. New York: Kensington Publishing Corporation, 1984.Google Scholar
Dunbar, Paul Laurence. Majors and Minors. Toledo, OH: Hadley and Hadley, 1895.Google Scholar
Dunbar, Paul Laurence. “Representative American Negroes.” In Martin, Jay and Hudson, Gossie H. (eds.), The Paul Laurence Dunbar Reader. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1975.Google Scholar
Dunbar, Paul Laurence. The Sport of the Gods. 1902. New York: New American Library, 1999.Google Scholar
Dunbar-Nelson, Alice. The Goodness of St. Rocque, and Other Stories. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1899.Google Scholar
Dunbar-Nelson, Alice. Violets and Other Tales. Boston: Monthly Review, 1895.Google Scholar
Duplechan, Larry. Blackbird. 1986. Vancouver: Arsenal Pulp Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Duplechan, Larry. Captain Swing. Los Angeles, CA: Alyson, 1993.Google Scholar
Duplechan, Larry. Eight Days a Week. 1985. Los Angeles, CA: Alyson, 1995.Google Scholar
Duplechan, Larry. Tangled Up in Blue. New York: St. Martin's, 1989.Google Scholar
Durand, Gibert. Les Structures anthropologiques de l'imaginaire: introduction à l'archétypologie générale. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1963.Google Scholar
Duvall, John N.The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness. New York: Palgrave, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eakin, Paul John. Fictions in Autobiography: Studies in the Art of Self-Invention. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Early, Gerald (ed.). Lure and Loathing: Essays on Race, Identity, and the Ambivalence of Assimilation. New York: Penguin, 1993.Google Scholar
Early, GeraldEditorial Comment.” Negro Quarterly 1 (1943): 294–303.Google Scholar
Edwards, Brent Hayes. “Notes on Poetics Regarding Mackey's Song.” Callaloo 23.2 (Spring 2000): 572–591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elam, Harry J. Jr., The Past as Present in the Drama of August Wilson. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elam, Harry J. Jr., “Signifyin(g) On African-American Theatre: The Colored Museum by George Wolfe.” Theatre Journal 44 (1992): 291–303.Google Scholar
Elam, Harry J. Jr. and Alexander, Robert, (eds.). Colored Contradictions: An Anthology of Contemporary African-American Plays. New York: Plume, 1996.Google Scholar
Elam, Harry J. Jr. and Krasner, David (eds.). African American Performance and Theater History. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Elder, Arlene A.The “Hindered Hand”: Cultural Implications of Early African-American Fiction. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1978.Google Scholar
Elkins, Stanley. Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional Life. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1958.Google Scholar
Ellis, Thomas Sayers. The Maverick Room: Poems. St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Ellis, Thomas Sayers. “Ways to Be Black in a Poem.” www.tsellis.com/poems.html. Accessed January 12, 2008.
Ellis, Trey. “The New Black Aesthetic.” Callaloo 12.1 (Winter 1989): 233–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, Trey. Platitudes. New York: Vintage Books, 1988.Google Scholar
Ellison, Ralph. “Beating That Boy.” New Republic October 22 1945: 535–536. Repr. in Shadow and Act. 1964. New York: Vintage, 1995. 95–101.Google Scholar
Ellison, Ralph. The Collected Essays of Ralph Ellison. Ed. Callahan, John F.. New York: Modern Library, 1995.Google Scholar
Ellison, Ralph. “Harlem Is Nowhere.” In Shadow and Act. 1964. New York: Vintage, 1995. 294–302.Google Scholar
Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man. New York9: Random House, 1952.Google Scholar
Ellison, Ralph. “The Negro Novel as a Vehicle of Propaganda.” Quarterly Review of Higher Education 9.3 (1941): 137–139.Google Scholar
Ellison, Ralph. “Recent Negro Fiction.” New Masses August 5,1941: 22–26.Google Scholar
Ellison, Ralph. “Richard Wright's Blues.Antioch Review 5 (1945): 198–211. Repr. in Shadow and Act. 77–94. Shadow and Act. 1964. New York: Vintage, 1972,1995.Google Scholar
Ellison, Ralph. “Twentieth Century Fiction and the Black Mask of Humanity.” Confluence (December 1953): 3–21. Repr. in Shadow and Act 24–44.Google Scholar
Ellison, Ralph. “The World and the Jug.” In Abcarian, Richard (ed.), Richard Wright'sNative Son: A Critical Handbook. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing, 1970. 143–152.Google Scholar
Enck, Eric. Tell Me Your Name. New York: Teri Woods Publishing, 2004.Google Scholar
Enck, Eric. Entertainer, Cedric the, and Hunter, Karen. Grown-A$$ Man. New York: Ballantine, 2002.Google Scholar
Equiano, Olaudah. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself. London: printed for, and sold by the author, 1789. In Carretta, The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings 1–237.Google Scholar
Ernest, John, (ed.). “The Floating Icon and the Fluid Text: Rereading the Narrative of Sojourner Truth.” American Literature 78.3 (2006): 459–486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ernest, John, (ed.). Liberation Historiography: African American Writers and the Challenge of History, 1794—1861. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Ernest, John, Narrative of the Life of Henry Box Brown, Written by Himself. 1851. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Ernest, JohnResistance and Reformation in Nineteenth-Century African-American Literature: Brown, Wilson, Jacobs, Delany, Douglass, and Harper. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1995.Google Scholar
Euell, Kim. “Signifyin(g) Ritual: Subverting Stereotypes, Salvaging Icons.” African American Review 31.4 (1997): 667–676.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Everett, Anna. Digital Diaspora: A Race for Cyberspace. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Everett, Percival. Erasure. New York: Hyperion, 2002.Google Scholar
Fabi, Giulia M.Passing and the Rise of the African American Novel. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Fabre, Geneviève. Drumbeats, Masks, and Metaphor: Contemporary Afro-American Theatre. Trans. by Dixon, Melvin. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Fabre, Michel. The Unfinished Quest of Richard Wright. Trans. Barzun, Isabel. New York: William Morrow, 1973. 234.Google Scholar
Farrison, William Edward. William Wells Brown: Author and Reformer. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Fauset, Jessie Redmon. Plum Bun. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1929.Google Scholar
Fauset, Jessie Redmon. There Is Confusion. New York: Boni and Liveright, 1924.Google Scholar
Favor, Martin. Authentic Blackness: The Folk in the New Negro Renaissance. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Feelings, Tom (ed.). Soul Looks Back in Wonder. New York: Dial, 1993.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Jeffrey. The Sage of Sugar Hill: George S. Schuyler and the Harlem Renaissance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, Moira. Jamaica Kincaid: Where the Land Meets the Body. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1994.Google Scholar
Finnegan, Ruth. Oral Literature in Africa. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Finseth, Ian. “David Walker, Nature's Nation, and Early African-American Separatism.”Mississippi Quarterly: The Journal of Southern Cultures 54.3 (2001): 337–362.Google Scholar
Fisch, Audrey. American Slaves in Victorian England: Abolitionist Politics in Popular Literature, and Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisch, Audrey. The Cambridge Companion to African American Slave Narratives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, Dexter and Stepto, Robert B. (eds.). Afro-American Literature: The Reconstruction of Instruction. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1979.Google Scholar
Fisher, Rudolph. “City of Refuge.” 1925. Repr. in City of Refuge: Collected Stories of Rudolph Fisher. Ed. with Intro. John McCluskey, . JrColumbia: University of Missouri Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Fisher, Rudolph. Walls of Jericho. 1928. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fishkin, Shelley Fisher. Was Huck Black? Mark Twain and African-American Voices. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Fleischner, Jennifer. Mastering Slavery: Memory, Family, and Identity in Women's Slave Narratives. New York: New York University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Foley, Barbara. Radical Representations: Politics and Form in U.S. Proletarian Fiction, 1929–1941. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Folkes, Nurit. Rectangle of Sins. New York: Teri Woods Publishing, 2005.Google Scholar
Folkes, Nurit. Triangle of Sins. New York: Teri Woods Publishing, 2004.Google Scholar
Foner, Philip S. (ed.). Frederick Douglass, Selected Speeches and Writings. Adapted and abridged by Yuval Taylor. Chicago, IL: Lawrence Hill, 1999.Google Scholar
Foner, Philip S. (ed.). Selections from the Writings of Frederick Douglass. 1945. New York: International Publishers, 1971.Google Scholar
Foner, Philip S. and Branham, Robert James (eds.). Lift Every Voice: African American Oratory, 1787–1900. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Ford, Nick Aaron. “A Blueprint for Negro Authors.”Phylon 11.4 (1950): 374–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ford, Nick Aaron. “I Teach Negro Literature.”College English 2 (1941): 530–541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ford, Nick Aaron. “The Negro Novel as a Vehicle of Propaganda.”Quarterly Review of Higher Education 9.3 (1941): 137–139.Google Scholar
Forde, Daryl (ed.). Efik Traders of Old Calabar: Containing the Diary of'Antera Duke, an Efik Slave-Trading Chief of the Eighteenth Century. London: Oxford University Press, 1956.Google Scholar
Forman, R. Gabrielle. Activist Sentiments: Reading Black Women in the Nineteenth Century. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Forrest, Leon. Divine Days. Chicago, IL: Another Chicago Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Forten, James. Series of Letters by a Man of Colour. 1813. In Newman et al., Pamphlets of Protest 66–73.
Forten, James. To the Humane and Benevolent Inhabitants of the City and County of Philadelphia. 1818. In Porter, Early Negro Writing 265–268.
Foster, Frances Smith. Introduction. In Foster (ed.), A Brighter Coming Day: A Frances Ellen Watkins Harper Reader. New York: The Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 1990. 3–40.Google Scholar
Foster, Frances Smith. (ed.). Minnie's Sacrifice, Sowing and Reaping, Trial and Triumph: Three Rediscovered Novels, Frances E. Watkins Harper. Boston: Beacon, 1996.Google Scholar
Foster, Frances Smith. Witnessing Slavery: The Development of Ante-bellum Slave Narratives. 1979. 2nd edn. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Foster, Frances Smith. Written by Herself: Literary Production by African American Women, 1745–1892. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. L'Ordre du discours: leçon inaugurale au Collège de France. Paris: Gallimard, 1971.Google Scholar
Fowler, Charles H.Historical Romance of the American Negro. 1902. New York: Johnson Reprint, 1970.Google Scholar
Franklin, John Hope. The Emancipation Proclamation. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1963.Google Scholar
Franklin, John Hope and Alfred A. Moss, . JrFrom Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans. 8th edn. New York: Knopf, 2000.Google Scholar
Frazier, E. Franklin. Black Bourgeoisie. 1957. New York: Free Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Frazier, E. Franklin. “The Negro Family in Bahia, Brazil.”American Sociological Review 7.4 (August 1942): 465–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frazier, E. Franklin. “The Status of the Negro in the American Social Order.”Journal of Negro Education. 14.3 (July 1935): 295–307.Google Scholar
Frey, Sylvia R. and Wood, Betty. Come Shouting to Zion: African American Protestantism in the American South and British Caribbean to 1830. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Frost, Elizabeth A.“An Interview with Harryette Mullen.”Contemporary Literature 41.3 (Autumn 2000): 397–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fulton, David Bryant. Hanover; or, Persecution of the Lowly. [n.p.]: M. C. L. Hill, 1901.Google Scholar
Fulton, DoVeanna S.Speaking Power: Black Feminist Orality in Women's Narratives of Slavery. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Gabbin, Joanne V. (ed.). Furious Flower: African American Poetry from the Black Arts Movement to the Present. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Gabbin, Joanne V. (ed.). The Furious Flowering of African American Poetry. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Gabbin, Joanne V. (ed.). Sterling A. Brown: Building a Black Aesthetic Tradition. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1985.Google Scholar
Gaines, Ernest J.The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman. New York: Dial, 1971.Google Scholar
Gaines, Ernest J.Bloodline. New York: Dial, 1965.Google Scholar
Gaines, Ernest J.A Gathering of Old Men. New York: Knopf, 1983.Google Scholar
Gaines, Ernest J.A Lesson before Dying. New York: Knopf, 1993.Google Scholar
Gaines, Kevin Kelly. Uplifting the Race: Black Leadership, Politics, and Culture in the Twentieth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, Eric. Introduction. “Two Texts on Children and Christian Education.” By Stewart, Maria W.. PMLA 123.1 (January 2008): 156–165.Google Scholar
Gardner, Eric. “‘You have no business to whip me’: The Freedom Suits of Polly Wash and Lucy Ann Delaney.”African American Review 41.1 (2007): 33–50.Google Scholar
Garfield, Deborah, and Zafar, Rafia (eds.). “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl.” In Harriet Jacobs and Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: New Critical Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gates, Henry Louis Jr.“The Blackness of Blackness: A Critique of the Sign and the Signifying Monkey.”Critical Inquiry 9.4 (1983): 685–723.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gates, Henry Louis Jr.Figures in Black: Words, Signs, and the “Racial” Self. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (ed.). Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies. Literary Classics of the United States. New York: Library of America, 1994.Google Scholar
Gates, Henry Louis Jr. Preface. The Slave's Narrative. Ed. Davis, Charles and Gates, Henry Louis Jr.New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1984. –vii.Google Scholar
Gates, Henry Louis Jr.The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African-American Literary Criticism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Gates, Henry Louis Jr.“The Trope of a New Negro and the Reconstruction of the Image of the Black.”Representations 24 (Autumn 1988): 129–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gates, Henry Louis Jr. and Andrews, William L. (eds.). Pioneers of the Black Atlantic: Five Slave Narratives from the Enlightenment, 1772–1815. Washington, DC: Civitas, 1998.Google Scholar
Gates, Henry Louis Jr. and Appiah, K. Anthony (eds.). Richard Wright: Critical Perspectives Past and Present. New York: Amistad, 1993.Google Scholar
Gates, Henry Louis Jr. and Jarrett, Gene Andrew (eds.). The New Negro: Readings on Race, Representation and African American Culture, 1892–1938. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Gates, Henry Louis Jr. and McKay, Nellie Y. (eds.). The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. 1997. 2nd edn. New York: W. W. Norton, 2004.Google Scholar
Gates, Henry Louis Jr. and Robbins, Hollis (eds.). In Search of Hannah Crafts: Critical Essays on The Bondwoman's Narrative. New York: Basic Civitas, 2004.Google Scholar
Gayle, Addison (ed.) The Black Aesthetic. New York: Doubleday, 1971.Google Scholar
Gayle, Addison (ed.) The Way of the New World: The Black Novel in America. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Geggus, David P. (ed.). The Impact of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic World. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2001.Google Scholar
George, Nelson. Buppies, B-Boys, Baps and Bobos: Notes on Post-Soul Black Culture. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.Google Scholar
Gholson, Alfred. The Pimp's Bible: The Sweet Science of Sin. Chicago, IL: Research Associates School Times Publications, 2001.Google Scholar
Gibson, Richard. “A No to Nothing.”Kenyon Review 13 (1951): 252–255.Google Scholar
Giddings, Paula. Ida, A Sword among Lions: Ida B. Wells and the Campaign against Lynching. New York: Amistad, 2008.Google Scholar
Gilbert, Roger. “Of Laureates Past, Passing and To Come.”Michigan Quarterly Review 40.2 (Spring 2001): 437–455.Google Scholar
Gilbert, Zack. “Mirrors: For Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968).”Negro Digest (May 1968): 37.Google Scholar
Gilmore, Leigh.“Endless Autobiography?” In Hornung, Alfred, and Ruhe, Ernstpeter (eds.), Postcolonialism and Autobiography. Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi, 1998. 211–231.Google Scholar
Gilroy, Paul. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Giovanni, Nikki. The Selected Poems of Nikki Giovanni. New York: William Morrow, 1996.Google Scholar
Glaude, Eddie Jr.Exodus! Religion, Race, and Nation in Early Nineteenth-Century Black America. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Gloster, Hugh. Negro Voices in American Fiction. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1948.Google Scholar
Gloster, Hugh. “Race and the Negro Writer.”Phylon 11 (1950): 369–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goebel, W.Der afro-amerikanische Roman im 20. Jahrhundert. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag, 2001.Google Scholar
Goines, Donald. Crime Partners. (As Al C. Clark.) Los Angeles, CA: Holloway House, 1974.Google Scholar
Goines, Donald. Daddy Cool. Los Angeles, CA: Holloway House, 1974.Google Scholar
Goines, Donald. Death List. (As Al C. Clark.) Los Angeles, CA: Holloway House, 1974.Google Scholar
Goines, Donald. Dopefiend: The Story of a Black Junkie. Los Angeles, CA: Holloway House, 1971.Google Scholar
Goines, Donald. Kenyatta's Escape. (As Al C. Clark.) Los Angeles, CA: Holloway House, 1974.Google Scholar
Goines, Donald. Kenyatta's Last Hit. (As Al C. Clark.) Los Angeles, CA: Holloway House, 1975.Google Scholar
Goines, Donald. White Man's Justice, Black Man's Grief. Los Angeles, CA: Holloway House, 1973.Google Scholar
Goines, Donald. Whoreson: The Story of a Ghetto Pimp. Los Angeles, CA: Holloway House, 1972.Google Scholar
Goldberg, Elizabeth Swanson. Beyond Terror: Gender, Narrative, Human Rights. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Goldfarb, Brad. “Writing-Life: Interview with Writer Jamaica Kincaid,” October 1997. www.findarticles.com/p/articles/m1285/is_n10_v27/ai_20803794. Accessed August 17, 2006.
Goldmann, Lucien. The Human Sciences and Philosophy. London: Jonathan Cape, 1969.Google Scholar
Gomez, Michael A.Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Goodman, Paul. Of One Blood: Abolitionism and the Origins of Racial Equality. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Goody, Jack. The Domestication of the Savage Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Gordon, Eugene. “Social and Political Problems of the Negro Writer.” In Hart, Henry (ed.), American Writers Congress. New York: International Publishers, 1935. 141–145.Google Scholar
Gossman, Lionel. Between History and Literature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Goyal, Yogita. “The Gender of Diaspora in Toni Morrison's Tar Baby.”Modern Fiction Studies 52.2 (Summer 2006): 393–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, Maryemma (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to the African American Novel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, Maryemma (ed.). Complete Poems of Frances E. W. Harper. Ed. with an Introduction by Graham, Maryemma. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Graham, Maryemma (ed.). Fields Watered with Blood: Critical Essays on Margaret Walker. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Graham, Maryemma and Singh, Amritjit (eds.). Conversations with Ralph Ellison. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1995.Google Scholar
Graham, Maryemma. “The Fusion of Ideas: An Interview with Margaret Walker Alexander.”African American Review 27.2, Black South Issue, Part 2 of 2 (Summer 1993): 279–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grandt, Jürgen E.Kinds of Blue: The Jazz Aesthetic in African American Narrative. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Grant, Nathan. Toomer, Hurston, Black Writing and Modernity: Masculinist Impulses. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Gray, Janet. Race and Time: American Women's Poetics from Antislavery to Racial Modernity. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, Thomas. The Confessions of Nat Turner. Richmond, VA: T. R. Gray, 1832.Google Scholar
Green, Jacob D.Narrative of the Life of J. D. Green, A Runaway Slave, From Kentucky, Containing an Account of His Three Escapes, in 1839, 1846, 1848. Huddersfield: Printed by Henry Fielding, 1864.Google Scholar
Green, Johnson. Life and Confession. Worcester: Printed and sold at the Printing-Office in Worcester, 1786. In Carretta, Unchained Voices 134–141.
Greenberg, Jack.Race Relations and American Law. New York: Columbia University Press, 1959.Google Scholar
Greene, J. Lee. Blacks in Eden: The African American Novel's First Century. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Griaule, Marcel. Dieu d'eaux: entretiens avec Ogotommêli. Paris: éditions du Chêne, 1948. Trans. as Conversations with Ogotommeli: An Introduction to Dogon Religious Ideas. London: Oxford University Press, 1965.Google Scholar
Griffin, Farah Jasmine. “Who Set You Flowin'?”: The African-American Migration Narrative. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffith, Cyril E.The African Dream: Martin R. Delany, and the Emergence of Pan-African Thought. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Griffith, Marie R. and Savage, Barbara Dianne. Women and Religion in the African Diaspora: Knowledge, Power, and Performance. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Griggs, Sutton E.The Hindered Hand: or, The Reign of the Repressionist. 1905. Miami, FL: Mnemosyne, 1969.Google Scholar
Griggs, Sutton E.Imperium in Imperio. 1899. Miami, FL: Mnemosyne, 1969.Google Scholar
Griggs, Sutton E.Overshadowed: A Novel. 1901. Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries, 1971.Google Scholar
Griggs, Sutton E.Pointing the Way. 1908. Nashville, TN: Orion, 1974.Google Scholar
Griggs, Sutton E.Unfettered. 1902. New York: AMS Press, 1971.Google Scholar
Grimes, Kyle. “The Entropics of Discourse: Michael Harper's Debridement and the Myth of the Hero.”Black American Literature Forum 24.3 (Autumn 1990): 417–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gronniosaw, James Albert Ukawsaw. A Narrative of the Most Remarkable Particulars in the Life of … an African Prince, as Related by Himself. Bath: Printed by W. Gye in Westgate-Street, and sold by T. Mills, Bookseller, in King's-Mead-Square, 1772. In Carretta, Unchained Voices 32–58.Google Scholar
Gruesser, John Cullen. Confluences: Postcolonialism, African American Literary Studies, and the Black Atlantic. Athens and London: University of Georgia Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Gruesser, John Cullen. “Pauline Hopkins' Hagar's Daughter and the Invention of the African American Detective Novel.”College English Notes 26.2 (1999): 1–4.Google Scholar
Georges, Gusdorf. Mythe et métaphysique. Paris: Payot, 1962.Google Scholar
Guy, Rosa. “Introduction”. In Opal Palmer Adisa, Bake-Face and Other Guava Stories. 1986. London: Fontana Paperbacks, 1989. viii–x.Google Scholar
Doolittle, H.D. Hilda. Trilogy, originally published as The Walls Do Not Fall. 1944. New York: New Directions, 1973.Google Scholar
Hakutani, Yoshinobu. Cross-Cultural Visions in African American Modernism: From Spatial Narrative to Jazz Haiku. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Hale, Grace Elizabeth. Making Whiteness: The Culture of Segregation in the South, 1890–1940. New York: Vintage, 1998.Google Scholar
Hale, Sarah Buell. Woman's Record; or, Sketches of all Distinguished Women, from The Creation to A.D. 1850. Arranged in Four Eras with Selections from Authoresses of Each Era. New York: Harper and Brother, 1853.Google Scholar
Haley, Alex. Roots. 1976. New York: Vanguard Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Hall, Gwendolyn Midlo. Africans in Louisiana. The Development of Afro-Creole in the Eighteenth Century. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Hall, Joan Wylie. Conversations with Audre Lorde. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2004.Google Scholar
Hall, Prince. A Charge, Delivered to the African Lodge June 24, 1797. Menotomy, 1797. In Newman et al., Pamphlets of Protest 45–51.
Hamalian, Leo and Hatch, James (eds.). The Roots of African American Drama: An Anthology of Early Plays, 1858–1938. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Hamilton, Virginia. “Everything of Value: Moral Realism in Literature for Children.”Journal of Youth Services in Libraries 6 (Summer 1993): 363–377.Google Scholar
Hamilton, William. An Oration, on the Abolition of the Slave Trade. New York: New York African Society, 1815. In Porter, Early Negro Writing 391–399.Google Scholar
Hammon, Briton. A Narrative of the Most Uncommon Sufferings and Surprizing Deliverance of Briton Hammon, a Negro Man. Boston: Printed and sold by John Green and Joseph Russell, 1760. In Carretta, Unchained Voices 20–25.Google Scholar
Hammon, Jupiter. Address to Miss Phillis Wheatly, Ethiopian Poetess. 1778. In Carretta, Unchained Voices 28–31.
Hammon, Jupiter. An Address to the Negroes in the State of New York. New York: Published by Samuel Wood, 1787. In Porter, Early Negro Writing 313–323.Google Scholar
Hammon, Jupiter. An Evening Thought. Salvation, by Christ, with Penetential Cries: Composed by Jupiter Hammon, a Negro Belonging to Mr. Lloyd. 1760. In Carretta, Unchained Voices 26–28.
Hansberry, Lorraine. The Drinking Gourd. 1960. In Les Blancs 217–211.
Hansberry, Lorraine. Les Blancs. 1969. In Les Blancs: The Collected Last Plays of Lorraine Hansberry. Ed. Nemiroff, Robert. New York: New American Library, 1983.Google Scholar
Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun and The Sign in Sidney Brustein's Window. New York: New American Library, 1966.Google Scholar
Hansberry, Lorraine. What Use Are Flowers? 1961. In Les Blancs 317–370.
Harding, Vincent, Kelly, Robin D. G. and Lewis, Earl. “We Changed the World: 1945–1970.” In Kelley, Robin D. G. and Lewis, Earl (eds.), To Make Our World Anew. 2 vols. Vol. II: A History of African Americans from 1880. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 2005. 167–264.Google Scholar
Hardy, James Earl. 2nd Time Around. Los Angeles, CA: Alyson, 1996.Google Scholar
Hardy, James Earl. B-Boy Blues. Los Angeles, CA: Alyson, 1994.Google Scholar
Hardy, James Earl. The Day Eazy-E Died. Los Angeles, CA: Alyson, 2001.Google Scholar
Hardy, James Earl. If Only for One Nite. Los Angeles, CA: Alyson, 1997.Google Scholar
Hardy, James Earl. Love the One You're With. New York: Amistad, 2002.Google Scholar
Harper, Frances E. W.Atlanta Offering. 1895. Miami, FL: Mnemosyne 1969.Google Scholar
Harper, Frances E. W.“The Deliverance.” In Sketches of Southern Life. Philadelphia, PA: Ferguson Bros. & Co., Printers, 1891. 10.Google Scholar
Harper, Frances E. W.Iola Leroy, or Shadows Uplifted. 1892. Repr. with an introduction by Frances Smith Foster. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Harper, Frances E. W.Martyr of Alabama and Other Poems. By the author, c 1894.
Harper, Frances E. W.Minnie's Sacrifice [1869], Sowing and Reaping [1876–77] and Trial and Triumph [1888–89]: Three Rediscovered Novels by Frances E.W. Harper. Ed. Foster, Frances Smith. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Harper, Frances E. W.Moses, A Story of the Nile. 1868. In Graham, Complete Poems 34–66.
Harper, Frances E. W.Poems. 1871. Philadelphia, PA: [C. S. Ferguson], 1898 [c 1895].Google Scholar
Harper, Frances E. W.“Woman's Political Future.” In Loewenberg, Bert James, and Bogin, Ruth (eds.), Black Women in Nineteenth-Century American Life: Their Words, Their Thoughts, Their Feeling. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1976. 244–251.Google Scholar
Harper, Michael S.Dear John, Dear Coltrane. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1970. Repr. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Harper, Michael S.History as Apple Tree. San Francisco, CA: Scarab Press, 1972.Google Scholar
Harper, Michael S.Images of Kin: New and Selected Poems. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Harper, Michael S.“My Poetic Technique and the Humanization of the American Audience.” In Miller, R. Baxter (ed.), Black Literature and Humanism. Louisville: University of Kentucky Press, 1981. 27–31.Google Scholar
Harper, Michael S.Nightmare Begins Responsibility. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Harper, Michael S.Song: I Want a Witness. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1972.Google Scholar
Harper, Michael and Stepto, Robert (eds.). Chant of Saints: A Gathering of Afro-American Literature, Art and Scholarship. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1979.Google Scholar
Harris, E. Lynn. And This Too Shall Pass. New York: Anchor, 1997.Google Scholar
Harris, E. Lynn. Basketball Jones. New York: Knopf Doubleday, 2009.Google Scholar
Harris, E. Lynn. Invisible Life. 1992. New York: Doubleday, 1999.Google Scholar
Harris, E. Lynn. Just As I Am. New York: Doubleday, 1994.Google Scholar
Harris, E. Lynn. Just Too Good to Be True. New York: Doubleday, 2008.Google Scholar
Harris, E. Lynn. Mama Dearest. New York: Pocket/Karen Hunter, 2009.Google Scholar
Harris, Trudier and Larson, Jennifer (eds.). Reading Contemporary African American Drama: Fragments of History, Fragments of Self. New York: Peter Lang, 2007.Google Scholar
Harris, Trudier. Fiction and Folklore: Novels of Toni Morrison. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Harris, Trudier. The Power of the Porch: The Storyteller's Craft in Zora Neale Hurston, Gloria Naylor, and Randall Kenan. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Harris, Trudier. Saints, Sinners, Saviors: Strong Black Women in African American Literature. New York: Palgrave, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, Trudier. The Scary Mason-Dixon Line: African American Writers and the South. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Harris, Violet J.“African American Children's Literature: The First One Hundred Years.”Journal of Negro Education 59 (1990): 540–555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrold, Stanley. The Rise of Aggressive Abolitionism: Addresses to the Slaves. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2004.Google Scholar
Hartman, Saidiya V.Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Hatam, Lawrence. Myth and Philosophy: A Contest of Truths. La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1990.Google Scholar
Hatch, James and Shine, Ted (eds.). Black Theatre USA: Plays by African Americans 1847–Today. New York: Free Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Hay, Samuel A.African American Theatre: An Historical and Critical Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayden, Robert. Collected Poems. New York: Liveright, 1985.Google Scholar
Hayden, Robert. Selected Poems. New York: October House, 1966.Google Scholar
Haynes, Lemuel. “Liberty Further Extended: Or Free Thoughts on the Illegality of Slave-Keeping.” In Newman, Richard (ed.), Black Preacher to White America. Brooklyn, NY: Carlson, 1990.Google Scholar
Hegel, G. W. F.Reason in History: A General Introduction to the Philosophy of History. Trans. Hartman, Robert S.. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1953.Google Scholar
Hemenway, Robert E.Hurston: A Literary Biography. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Henderson, Carol E. (ed.). James Baldwin's Go Tell It on the Mountain: Historical and Critical Essays. New York: Lang, 2006.Google Scholar
Henderson, Carol E. (ed.). Scarring the Black Body: Race and Representation in African American Literature. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Henderson, Darwin L. and May, Jill P.. Exploring Culturally Diverse Literature for Children and Adolescents: Learning to Listen in New Ways. New York: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon, 2005.Google Scholar
Henderson, E. Stephen (ed.). Understanding the New Black Poetry: Black Speech and Black Music as Poetic References. New York: William Morrow, 1972.Google Scholar
Hermes, Will. “Tongue Untied.”City Pages 17 (July 31, 1996). www.citypages.com/data-bank/17/817/article2842.asp. Accessed September 12, 2007.Google Scholar
Hernton, Calvin C.“Introduction”. In Jahn, Janheinz (ed.), Muntu: African Culture and the Western World. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1961.Google Scholar
Herron, Carolivia. Nappy Hair. New York: Dragonfly Books, 1999.Google Scholar
Melville, Herskovits.. The Myth of the Negro Past. 1941. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1958.Google Scholar
Hill, Patricia Liggins, Bell, Bernard W., Harris, Trudier, Harris, William J., Miller, R. Baxter and O'Neale, Sondra A. (eds.). Call & Response: The Riverside Anthology of the African American Literary Tradition. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1998.Google Scholar
Himes, Chester. Cast the First Stone. New York: Coward-McCann, 1952.Google Scholar
Himes, Chester. Cotton Comes to Harlem. 1965. New York: Buccaneer, 1994.Google Scholar
Himes, Chester. The Crazy Kill. 1959. New York: Vintage, 1989.Google Scholar
Himes, Chester. If He Hollers, Let Him Go. 1945. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1986. New York: Da Capo: 2002.Google Scholar
Himes, Chester. Lonely Crusade. New York: Knopf, 1947.Google Scholar
Himes, Chester. A Rage in Harlem. 1957. New York: Vintage, 1989.Google Scholar
Himes, Chester. The Real Cool Killers. 1959. New York: Vintage, 1988.Google Scholar
Hinks, Peter. To Awaken My Afflicted Brethren: David Walker and the Problem of Antebellum Resistance. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Hirsch, E. D.Validity in Interpretation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1967.Google Scholar
Hofstadter, Richard. Social Darwinism in American Thought. Rev. edn. New York: G. Braziller, 1959.Google Scholar
Hogue, W. Lawrence. “In Motion: The African American Migration Experience.”Schom-burg Center for Research in Black Culture. www.inmotionaame.org/index.cfm? bhcp=1. Accessed August 31, 2007.Google Scholar
Hogue, W. Lawrence. Postmodern American Literature and Its Other. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Hogue, W. Lawrence. Race, Modernity, Postmodernity. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Holland, Sharon P.Raising the Dead: Readings of Death and (Black) Subjectivity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, Sharon P. and Miles, Tiya (eds.). Crossing Waters, Crossing Worlds: The African Diaspora in Indian Country. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Holloday, Hilary. Wild Blessing: The Poetry of Lucille Clifton. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Holmes, Shannon. B-More Careful. New York: Teri Woods Publishing, 2001.Google Scholar
hooks, bell. Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics. Boston, MA: South End Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Hopkins, Pauline E.Contending Forces: A Romance Illustrative of Negro Life North and South. 1900. Repr. with introduction by Richard Yarborough. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Hopkins, Pauline E.Hagar's Daughter: A Story of Southern Caste Prejudice. 1901. Publ. as Sarah A. Allen. Repr. in The Magazine Novels 1–284.
Hopkins, Pauline E.“Literary Workers (Concluded).”Colored American Magazine 4.5 (April 1902): 366–371.Google Scholar
Hopkins, Pauline E.The Magazine Novels of Pauline Hopkins. Introduction by Hazel V. Carby. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Hopkins, Pauline E.Of One Blood; or, The Hidden Self. 1902. Repr. in The Magazine Novels 439–621.
Hopkins, Pauline E.“Some Literary Workers.”Colored American Magazine 4.4 (March 1902): 277–280.Google Scholar
Hopkins, Pauline E.“Talma Gordon.” 1900. In Ammons, Short Fiction49–68.Google Scholar
Hopkins, Pauline E.Winona: A Tale of Negro Life in the South and Southwest. 1902. Repr. in The Magazine Novels 285–437.
Hopkinson, Nalo. Brown Girl in the Ring. New York: Aspect, 1998.Google Scholar
Hopkinson, Nalo. Midnight Robber. New York: Aspect, 2000.Google Scholar
Hopkinson, Nalo. New Moon's Arms. New York: Grand Central, 2007.Google Scholar
Hopkinson, Nalo. The Salt Roads. New York: Grand Central, 2003.Google Scholar
Hopkinson, Nalo. Skin Folk. New York: Aspect, 2001.Google Scholar
Horne, Gerald. “The Red and the Black: The Communist Party and African Americans in Historical Perspective.” In Brown, Michael et al (eds.). New Studies in the Politics and Culture of U.S. Communism. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1993. 199–237.Google Scholar
Horton, George Moses. “Let Us Go: A Song for the Emigrant.”New York African Repository 43.1 (1867): 28–29.Google Scholar
Horton, James Oliver and Horton, Lois E.. In Hope of Liberty: Culture, Community and Protest among Northern Free Blacks, 1700–1860. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Howard, James H. W.Bond and Free: A True Tale of Slave Times. 1886. Miami, FL: Mnemosyne, 1969.Google Scholar
Howells, William Dean. “Introduction”. In Lyrics of Lowly Life: The Poetry of Paul Laurence Dunbar. New York: Citadel Press, 1984. xiii–xx.Google Scholar
Huggins, Nathan (ed.). Voices from the Harlem Renaissance. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Hughes, Langston. “Air Raid: Barcelona.” In The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes. Ed. Rampersad, Arnold, Assoc. Ed. David Roessel. New York: Vintage Classics, 1994. 207–209.Google Scholar
Hughes, Langston. The Big Sea: An Autobiography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1940.Google Scholar
Hughes, Langston. The Collected Poems. Eds. Rampersad, Arnold and Roessel, David. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995.Google Scholar
Hughes, Langston. Good Morning Revolution: Uncollected Writings of Social Protest. Ed. Berry, Faith. Westport, CT: Lawrence Hill., 1973.Google Scholar
Hughes, Langston. I Wonder as I Wander: An Autobiographical Journey. New York: Rinehart, 1956.Google Scholar
Hughes, Langston. Montage of a Dream Deferred. New York: Holt, 1951.Google Scholar
Hughes, Langston. “My Early Days in Harlem.”Freedomways 3 (1963): 312–34.Google Scholar
Hughes, Langston. “The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain.”The Nation 122.3181 (June 23, 1926). Repr. in Gayle, The Black Aesthetic 175–181; in Gates and McKay, The Norton Anthology 1267–1271; and in Napier, African American Literary Theory 27–31.Google Scholar
Hughes, Langston. Not Without Laughter. 1930. New York: Scribner, 1995.Google Scholar
Hughes, Langston. “To the Editor of The Crisis.” (July 28,1928). James Weldon Johnson Memorial Collection at Beinecke Library, Yale University.Google Scholar
Hughes, Langston. Ways of White Folks. New York: Knopf, 1934.Google Scholar
Hughes, Langston. The Weary Blues. New York: Knopf, 1926.Google Scholar
Huizinga, Johann. Homo Lumens: A Study of the Play Element in Culture. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1955.Google Scholar
Hume, Jean M.Harriet Tubman: The Life and the Life Stories. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Hume, Jean M. (ed. with Intro.). Rebecca Jackson, Gifts of Power: The Writings of Rebecca Jackson, Black Visionary, and Shaker Eldress. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Hunt, Peter. Children's Literature. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2001.Google Scholar
Hurston, Zora Neale. “Characteristics of Negro Expression.” 1934. In Napier, African American Literary Theory31–44.Google Scholar
Hurston, Zora Neale. “How It Feels to Be Colored Me.”World Tomorrow 11 (1928): 215–216. Repr. in Andrews et al., The Literature of the American South 416–418.Google Scholar
Hurston, Zora Neale. Jonah's Gourd Vine. 1934. New York: Harper Perennial, 1990.Google Scholar
Hurston, Zora Neale. Moses, Man of the Mountain. 1939. New York: Harper Perennial, 1992.Google Scholar
Hurston, Zora Neale. Mules and Men. 1935. New York: Harper Perennial, 1990.Google Scholar
Hurston, Zora Neale. Seraph on the Suwanee. New York: Scribner's, 1948.Google Scholar
Hurston, Zora Neale. Tell My Horse. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1938.Google Scholar
Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. 1937. New York: Harper Perennial, 1990. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Hutcheon, Linda. A Poetics of Postmodernism: History, Theory, Fiction. New York: Routledge, 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutcheon, Linda. A Theory of Parody: The Teachings of Twentieth Century Art Form. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, George (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to the Harlem Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchinson, George (ed.). The Harlem Renaissance in Black and White. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Ignatiev, Noel. How the Irish Became White. New York: Routledge, 1995.Google Scholar
Irele, F. Abiola. The African Imagination: Literature in Africa and the Black Diaspora. London and New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Irele, F. Abiola. “Studying African Literature.” In Irele, F. Abiola (ed.), The African Experience in Literature and Ideology. London: Heinemann, 1981. 9–26.Google Scholar
Irele, F. Abiola and Gikandi, Simon (eds.). The Cambridge History of African and Caribbean Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Ivy, Ken. Pimpology: The 48 Laws of the Game (with Karen Hunter). New York: Simon Spotlight, 2007.Google Scholar
Jackson, Angela. And All These Roads Be Luminous: Poems Selected and New. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Jackson, Angela. Dark Legs and Silk Kisses: The Beatitudes of the Spinners. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Jackson, Angela. The Greenville Club in Four Black Poets. Kansas City, MO: Book Mark Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Jackson, Angela. Solo in the Boxcar Third Floor E.Chicago, IL: OBAhouse, 1985.Google Scholar
Jackson, Angela. Voo Doo/Love Magic. Chicago, IL: Third World Press, 1974.Google Scholar
Jackson, Blyden and Rubin, Luis D.. Black Poetry in America: Two Essays in Historical Interpretation. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1974.Google Scholar
Jackson, Blyden. “An Essay in Criticism.”Phylon 11 (1950): 338–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Blyden. “Faith without Works in Negro Literature.”Phylon 12 (1951): 378–388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Blyden. A History of African American Literature, vol. i: The Long Beginning, 1746–1895. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Jackson, Blyden. “Largo for Adonis.”Journal of Negro Education 17 (1948): 169–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Blyden. The Waiting Years: Essays in Negro American Literature. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Jackson, Lawrence P.Indignant Generation: A Narrative History of African American Writers and Critics, 1934–1960. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Jackson, Lawrence P.Ralph Ellison: Emergence of Genius. New York: John Wiley, 2002.Google Scholar
Jackson, Major. Leaving Saturn: Poems. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Jackson, Michael. Allegories of the Wilderness: Ethics and Ambiguity in Kuranko Narratives. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Jackson, Rebecca. Rebecca Jackson, Gifts of Power: The Writings of Rebecca Jackson, Black Visionary, and Shaker Eldress. Ed. Humez, Jean McMahon. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Harriett. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. 1861. With introduction by Valerie Smith. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Jahn, Janheinz. Muntu: African Culture and the Western World. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1961.Google Scholar
Jakes, Thomas Dexter (T.D.). Cover Girls. Nashville, TN: Faith Words, 2001.Google Scholar
Jakes, Thomas Dexter (T.D.). Not Easily Broken. Nashville, TN: FaithWords, 2006.Google Scholar
Jakes, Thomas Dexter (T.D.). Woman Thou Art Loosed. Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House, 1994.Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman. “Linguistics and Poetics.” In Newton, K. M. (ed.), Twentieth Century Literary Theory: A Reader. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. 71–77.Google Scholar
James, C. L. R.The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution. New York: Vintage Books, 1989.Google Scholar
James, Darius. Negrophobia: An Urban Parable. New York: Citadel, 1992.Google Scholar
Jarrett, Gene Andrew (ed.). African American Literature beyond Race. New York: New York University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Jarrett, Gene Andrew (ed.). Deans and Truants: Race and Realism in African American Literature. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Jarrett, Thomas D.“Toward Unfettered Creativity: A Note on the Negro Novelist's Coming of Age.”Phylon 11 (1950): 313–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jayne, Michael C. and Watts, Ann Chalmers (eds.). Literature and the Urban Experience: Essays on the City and Literature.New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1980.Google Scholar
Jeffers, Lance. “On Listening to the Spirituals.” In Adoff, Arnold (ed.), Poetry of Black America: An Anthology of the 20th Century. New York: Harper and Row, 1973. 173.Google Scholar
Jefferson, Thomas. Notes on the State of Virginia. London, 1787. Ed. Peden., William HarwoodChapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1955.Google Scholar
Jeffrey, Julie Roy. Abolitionists Remember: Antislavery Autobiographies and the Unfinished Work of Emancipation. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Jeffrey, Julie Roy. The Great Silent Army of Abolitionism: Ordinary Women in the Antislavery Movement. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.Google Scholar
John, Marie-Elena. Unburnable. New York: HarperCollins, 2006.Google Scholar
Johnson, Abby Arthur and Johnson, Ronald Maberry. Propaganda and Aesthetics: The Literary Politics of African-American Magazines in the Twentieth Century. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1979.Google Scholar
Johnson, Amelia E. (Mrs. A. E.). Clarence and Corinne; or, God's Way. 1890. Repr. with introduction by Spillers, Hortense J.. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Johnson, Amelia E. (Mrs. A. E.). The Hazeley Family. 1894. Repr. with introduction by Christian, Barbara. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Johnson, Bethany. “Freedom and Slavery in the Voice of the Negro: Historical Memory and African-American Identity, 1904–1907.”Georgia Historical Quarterly 84.1 (2000): 29–71.Google Scholar
Johnson, Charles“The End of the Black American Narrative.”American Scholar 7.3 (Summer 2008): 32–42.Google Scholar
Johnson, CharlesMiddle Passage. New York: Atheneum/Macmillan, 1990.Google Scholar
Johnson, CharlesOxherding Tale. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Johnson, Charles Bertram. “Negro Poets.” In Songs of My People. Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1971. 9–10.Google Scholar
Johnson, Charles S.Ebony and Topaz: A Collectanea. New York: Opportunity, 1927.Google Scholar
Johnson, Charles. Being and Race: Black Writing since 1970. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Johnson, E. Patrick. Sweet Tea: Black Gay Men of the South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Johnson, Edward A.Light Ahead for the Negro. 1904. New York: AMS, 1975.Google Scholar
Johnson, Fenton. A Little Dreaming. 1913. College Park, MD: McGrath Publishing, 1969.Google Scholar
Johnson, Fenton. Songs of the Soil. New York: Privately printed by the author, 1916.Google Scholar
Johnson, Fenton. Visions of the Dusk. 1915. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2007.Google Scholar
Johnson, Georgia Douglas. A Sunday Morning in the South. 1925. Repr. in Hatch and Shine, Black Theatre USA 31–37.
Johnson, James Weldon. Along This Way: The Autobiography of James Weldon Johnson. 1933. New York: Penguin Books, 1990.Google Scholar
Johnson, James Weldon. The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. 1912. New York: Vintage, 1989.Google Scholar
Johnson, James Weldon. The Book of American Negro Poetry. 1922. New York: Harcourt Brace, rev edn 1931.Google Scholar
Johnson, James Weldon. “The Dilemma of the Negro Author.”American Mercury. 15.60 (December 1928): 477–481. Repr. in Gates and Jarrett, The New Negro 378–382.Google Scholar
Johnson, James Weldon. Fifty Years and Other Poems. Boston, MA: The Cornhill Company, 1917.Google Scholar
Johnson, James Weldon. God's Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse. 1927. New York: Penguin, 1990.Google Scholar
Johnson, James Weldon. “Preface”. In The Book of American Negro Poetry. 1921. New York: Harcourt, 1931. 9–48.Google Scholar
Johnson, Mat and Fleece, Warren. Incognegro: A Graphic Mystery. New York: Vertigo Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Jones, Absalom. A Thanksgiving Sermon. Philadelphia, PA: Fry and Kammerer, 1808. In Porter, Early Negro Writing 335–342.Google Scholar
Jones, Edward P.The Known World. New York: Amistad, 2003.Google Scholar
Jones, Gayl. Corregidora. New York: Random House, 1975.Google Scholar
Jones, Gayl. Eva's Man. Boston, MA: Beacon, 1976.Google Scholar
Jones, LeRoi and Neal, Larry (eds.). Black Fire: An Anthology of Afro-American Writing. New York: William Morrow, 1968.Google Scholar
Jones, LeRoi. Dutchman and The Slave, Two Plays. New York: William Morrow, 1964.Google Scholar
Jones, LeRoi. The Le RoiJones / Amiri Baraka Reader. Ed. Harris, William J.. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Jones, LeRoi. “The Revolutionary Theatre.” In Selected Plays and Prose of Amiri Baraka/LeRoi Jones. New York: William Morrow, 1979. 131–136.Google Scholar
Jones, Sharon Lynette. Rereading the Harlem Renaissance: Race, Class, and Gender in the Fiction of Jessie Fauset, Zora Neale Hurston, and Dorothy West. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Jones, Tayari. Leaving Atlanta. New York: Warner Books, 2002.Google Scholar
Jordan, June (Meyer). Soulscript: African American Poetry. 1970. Repr. New York: Harlem Moon, 2004.Google Scholar
Jordan, June (Meyer). Things That I Do in the Dark: Selected Poems. New York: Random House, 1977.Google Scholar
Jordan, June (Meyer). Who Look at Me. New York: Crowell, 1968.Google Scholar
Joyce, Donald. Gatekeepers of Black Culture: Black Owned Book Publishers in the US 1817–1981. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Joyce, James. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. 1916. New York: Viking, 1964.Google Scholar
Joyce, Joyce A.“Gil Scott-Heron: Larry Neal's Quintessential Artist.” Afterword. In Scott-Heron, Gil, So Far, So Good. Chicago, IL: Third World Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Judy, Ronald A. T.(Dis)Forming the American Canon: African-Arabic Slave Narratives and the Vernacular. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993.Google Scholar
K'wan, . Gangsta. New York: Triple Crown, 2002.Google Scholar
K'wan, . Guitar. New York: St. Martin's/Griffin, 2008.Google Scholar
K'wan, . Hood Rat. New York: St. Martin's/Griffin, 2006.Google Scholar
K'wan, . Hoodlum. New York: St. Martin's/Griffin, 2005.Google Scholar
K'wan, . Road Dawgz. New York: Triple Crown, 2003.Google Scholar
K'wan, . Street Dreams. New York: St. Martin's/Griffin, 2004.Google Scholar
Kaplan, Carla (ed.). Zora Neale Hurston: A Life in Letters. New York: Doubleday, 2002.Google Scholar
Kelley, Emma Dunham. Four Girls at Cottage City. 1898. Repr. with Introduction by McDowell, Deborah E.. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Kelley, Emma Dunham. Megda. 1891. Repr. with Introduction by Hite, Molly. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Kelley, Robin D. G.Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists during the Great Depression.Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Kelley, Robin D. G.Race Rebels: Culture, Politics, and the Black Working Class. 1994. New York: The Free Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Kelley, William Melvin. A Different Drummer. 1962. New York: Anchor Books, 1989.Google Scholar
Kellner, Bruce. Carl Van Vechten and the Irreverent Decades. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1968.Google Scholar
Kenan, Randall. Let the Dead Bury Their Dead. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992.Google Scholar
Kenan, Randall. A Visitation of Spirits. New York: Vintage, 1989.Google Scholar
Kenan, Randall. Walking on Water: Black American Lives at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century. New York: Knopf, 1999.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Adrienne. The Adrienne Kennedy Reader. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Adrienne. The Alexander Plays. 1992. In The Adrienne Kennedy Reader 139–196.
Kennedy, Adrienne. An Evening with Dead Essex. 1978. In The Adrienne Kennedy Reader 117–135.
Kennedy, Adrienne. Funnyhouse of a Negro. 1969. In The Adrienne Kennedy Reader 11–27.PubMed
Kennedy, Adrienne. Sleep Deprivation Chamber: A Theater Piece. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1996.Google Scholar
Kent, George. E.A Life of Gwendolyn Brooks. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1990.Google Scholar
Kent, George. E.Blackness and the Adventure of Western Culture. Chicago, IL: Third World, 1972.Google Scholar
Kester, Gunilla Theander. “Approaches to Africa: The Poetics of Memory and the Body in Two August Wilson Plays.” In Elkins, Marilyn (ed.), August Wilson: A Casebook. New York: Garland Press, 1994. 105–122.Google Scholar
Khorana, Meena G.“Editorial.”Bookbird 34.4 (1996): 2–3.Google Scholar
Killens, John Oliver. “The Writer and Black Liberation.” In Romero, Patricia (ed.), Black America 1968: The Year of Awakening. Washington, DC: United Publications Corporation, 1969. 265–271.Google Scholar
Kincaid, Jamaica and Fischl, Eric. Among Flowers: A Walk in the Himalaya. New York: Random House, 2005.Google Scholar
Kincaid, Jamaica. Annie, Gwen, Lily, Pam and Tulip. 1986. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, in association with the Whitney Museum of American Art, 1989.Google Scholar
Kincaid, Jamaica. Annie John. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1985.Google Scholar
Kincaid, Jamaica. At the Bottom of the River. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1983.Google Scholar
Kincaid, Jamaica. The Autobiography of My Mother. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1996.Google Scholar
Kincaid, Jamaica. Lucy. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1990.Google Scholar
Kincaid, Jamaica. Mr. Potter. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 2002.Google Scholar
Kincaid, Jamaica. My Brother. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1997.Google Scholar
Kincaid, Jamaica. My Garden (Book). New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1999.Google Scholar
Kincaid, Jamaica. A Small Place. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1988.Google Scholar
King, J. L. and Hunter, Karen. On the Down Low: A Journey into the Lives of “Straight” Black Men Who Sleep with Men. New York: Broadway, 2004.Google Scholar
King, Lovalerie and Selzer, Linda (eds.). New Essays on the African American Novel from Hurston and Ellison to Morrison and Whitehead. New York: Palgrave, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, Lovalerie. Race, Theft, and Ethics: Property Matters in African American Literature. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
King, Woodie Jr. (ed.). Black Spirits: A Festival of New Black Poets in America. New York: Vintage Books, 1972.Google Scholar
King, Woodie Jr. (ed.). The Forerunners: Black Poets in America. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Knight, Etheridge. Belly Song and Other Poems. Detroit, MI: Broadside Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Knight, Etheridge. The Essential Etheridge Knight. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knight, Etheridge. Poems from Prison. Detroit, MI: Broadside Press, 1968.Google Scholar
Kolin, Philip C. (ed.). Contemporary African American Women Playwrights: A Casebook. New York: Routledge, 2007.Google Scholar
Kolin, Philip C. (ed.). Understanding Adrienne Kennedy. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Komunyakaa, Yusef. Blue Notes: Essays, Interviews, and Commentaries. Ed. Radiclani, Clytus. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Komunyakaa, Yusef. Copacetic. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Komunyakaa, Yusef. Dien Cai Dau. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Komunyakaa, Yusef. Magic City. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Komunyakaa, Yusef. Neon Vernacular: New and Selected Poems. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Komunyakaa, Yusef. Pleasure Dome: New and Collected Poems. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Komunyakaa, Yusef. “The Reincarnated Beethoven.”Callaloo. Ed. Rowell., C. 28.3 (2005): 573–574; 658–670.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Komunyakaa, Yusef. “Slip Knot,”Callaloo 28.3 (2005): 592–603.Google Scholar
Komunyakaa, Yusef. Taboo. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 2004.Google Scholar
Komunyakaa, Yusef. Talking Dirty to the Gods. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 2000.Google Scholar
Komunyakaa, Yusef. Thieves of Paradise. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Komunyakaa, Yusef. Warhorses. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 2008.Google Scholar
Komunyakaa, Yusef. Eve. New York: St. Martin's/Griffin, 2006.Google Scholar
Labov, William. Language in the Inner City: Studies in the Black English Vernacular. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1972.Google Scholar
Larrick, Nancy. “The All-White World of Children's Books.”Saturday Review (September 11, 1965): 63–65, 84–85.Google Scholar
Larson, Kate Clifford. Bound for the Promised Land: Harriet Tubman, Portrait of an American Hero. New York: Ballantine, 2004.Google Scholar
Lash, John S.“What Is Negro Literature?”College English 9 (1947): 37–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, George. Oration on the Abolition of the Slave Trade. New York: Printed by Hardcastle and Van Pelt, 1813. In Porter, Early Negro Writing 374–382.Google Scholar
Lawson, Bill E. and Kirkland, Frank M. (eds.). Frederick Douglass: A Critical Reader. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1999.Google Scholar
LeClair, Thomas. “The Language Must Not Sweat: A Conversation with Toni Morrison.” In Taylor-Guthrie, Danille (ed.), Conversations with Toni Morrison. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1994. 119–127.Google Scholar
Ledbetter, James. “The Unbearable Whiteness of Publishing.”Village Voice 40 (July-August, 1995).Google Scholar
Lee, Debbie. Slavery and the Romantic Imagination. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Lee, Don L. (Haki Madhubuti), Black Pride. Chicago, IL: Third World Press, 1968.Google Scholar
Lee, Don L. (Haki Madhubuti), Don't Cry, Scream. Chicago, IL: Third World Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Lee, Don L. (Haki Madhubuti), Think Black. Detroit, MI: Broadside Press, 1967.Google Scholar
Lee, Jarena. The Life and Religious Experience of Jarena Lee, a Coloured Lady, Giving an Account of Her Call to Preach the Gospel. Philadelphia, PA: Published for the author, 1836. Repr. in Andrews, Sisters of the Spirit 25–48.Google Scholar
Lee, Maurice S.Slavery, Philosophy, and American Literature, 1830–1860. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Ulysses. “Criticism at Mid-Century.”Phylon 11 (1950): 328–337.Google Scholar
Lemann, Nicholas. The Promised Land: The Great Migration, and How It Changed America. New York: Knopf, 1991.Google Scholar
Leonard, Keith D.Fettered Genius: The African American Bardic Poet from Slavery to Civil Rights. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Lerner, Laurence. The Truest Poetry: An Essay on the Question, What Is Literature?New York: Horizon Press, 1960.Google Scholar
Leseur, Geta J.Ten Is the Age of Darkness: The Black Bildungsroman. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, c.1995.Google Scholar
Lester, Julius. How Many Spots Does a Leopard Have? And Other Tales. New York: Scholastic, 1994.Google Scholar
Lester, Julius. Author's Note. Sam and the Tigers: A New Telling of Black Sambo. New York: Puffin, 2000.Google Scholar
Lester, Julius. John Henry. New York: Puffin, 1999.Google Scholar
Lester, Julius. More Tales of Uncle Remus: Further Adventures of Brer Rabbit, His Friends, Enemies, and Others. New York: Dial, 1988.Google Scholar
Lester, Julius. The Tales of Uncle Remus. 1987. New York: Puffin, 2006.Google Scholar
Lester, Julius. On Writing for Children and Other People. New York: Dial, 2004.Google Scholar
Lester, Neal. Once Upon a Time in a Different World: Issues and Ideas in African American Children's Literature. New York: Routledge, 2007.Google Scholar
Levine, Lawrence W.Black Culture and Black Consciousness: Afro-American Folk Thought from Slavery to Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Levine, Robert S.Martin Delany, Frederick Douglass, and the Politics of Representative Identity. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Lewis, David Levering (ed.). The Portable Harlem Renaissance Reader. New York: Penguin, 1994.Google Scholar
Lewis, David Levering (ed.). W.E.B. Du Bois: Biography of a Race, 1868–1919. New York: Henry Holt, 1993. 507.Google Scholar
Lewis, David Levering (ed.). W.E.B. Du Bois: The Fight for Equality and the American Century, 1919–1963. New York: Owl Books, 2000.Google Scholar
Lewis, David Levering (ed.). When Harlem Was in Vogue. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Linthicum, Richard. “Introduction.” In Echoes from The Cabin and Elsewhere. Chicago, IL: Donohue and Henneberry, Printing, 1895. 9–10.Google Scholar
Lipsitz, George. Dangerous Crossroads: Popular Music, Postmodernism, and the Poetics of Place. London: Verso, 1994.Google Scholar
J, LL Cool and Hunter, Karen. I Make My Own Rules. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.Google Scholar
Locke, Alain, “Inventory at Mid-Century: A Review of the Literature of the Negro for 1950.”Phylon 12.1 (1951): 5–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locke, Alain, “Jingo, Counter-Jingo and Us: Part i, Retrospective Review of the Literature of the Negro: 1937.”Opportunity 16 (January 1938): 7–11, 27.Google Scholar
Locke, Alain, “The New Negro.” In Locke, The New Negro. 1925. New York: Atheneum, 1992. 3–16.Google Scholar
Locke, Alain, Review of Native Son. By Wright, Richard. Opportunity (January 1941). Repr. in Gates and Appiah, Richard Wright: Critical Perspectives 19–29.Google Scholar
Locke, Alain, Review of Their Eyes Were Watching God. Opportunity (January 1938).Google Scholar
Locke, Alain, “Self Criticism: The Third Dimension in Culture.”Phylon 11 (1950): 391–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Logan, Rayford W.The Betrayal of the Negro. 1953. New York: Collier Books, 1965.Google Scholar
Logan, Shirley Wilson (ed.). “We Are Coming”: The Persuasive Discourse of Nineteenth-Century Black Women. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Logan, Shirley Wilson (ed.). With Pen and Voice: A Critical Anthology of Nineteenth-Century African-American Women. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Loggins, Vernon. The Negro Author: His Development in America to 1900. New York: Columbia University Press, 1931.Google Scholar
Long, Richard and Collier, Eugenia (eds.). Afro-American Writing: An Anthology of Prose and Poetry. 2nd edn. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Lord, Albert. The Singer of Tales. 1960. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. The Black Unicorn, New York: W. W. Norton, 1978.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. A Burst of Light. Ithaca, NY: Firebrand Books, 1988.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. Cables to Rage. Detroit, MI: Broadside Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. The Cancer Journals. Argyle, NY: Spinsters, Ink, 1980.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. Chosen Poems: Old and New. New York: W. W. Norton, 1982.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. Coal. New York: W. W. Norton, 1976.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. The Collected Poems of Audre Lorde. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. The First Cities. New York: Poets Press, 1968.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. From a Land Where Other People Live. Detroit, MI: Broadside Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. The Marvelous Arithmetics of Distance: Poems 1987–1992. New York: W. W. Norton, 1993.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. Need: A Chorale for Black Women Voices. New York: Women of Color Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. New York Head Shop and Museum. Detroit, MI: Broadside Press, 1974.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. Our Dead Behind Us. New York: W. W. Norton, 1986.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches. New York: Crossing Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. Undersong: Chosen Poems Old and New. New York: W. W. Norton, 1992.Google Scholar
Lorde, Audre. Zami: A New Spelling of My Name. Freedom, CA: The Crossing Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Lott, Eric. Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Lovell, John. Black Song: The Forge and the Flame; The Story of How the Afro-American Spiritual Was Hammered Out. New York: Macmillan, 1972.Google Scholar
Lovell, John. Review of Readings from Negro Authors for Schools and Colleges. Ed. Cromwell, Otelia, et al. Journal of Negro Education 3 (1934): 427–429.Google Scholar
Lowe, John. Jump at the Sun: Zora Neale Hurston's Cosmic Comedy. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Lowe, John. (ed.). Louisiana Culture from the Colonial Era to Katrina. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Lubiano, Wahneema. “The Postmodernist Rag: Political Identity and the Vernacular in Song of Solomon.” In Smith, Valerie (ed.), New Essays on Song of Solomon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 93–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lumpkin, Shirley. “Fenton Johnson.” In Dictionary of Literary Biography vol. xiv. New York: Gale, 2005–6. 215.Google Scholar
Luscombe, Belinda. “Same Story, New Attitude.”Time.com (September 9, 1996). www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,985099,00.html. Accessed March 7, 2005.Google Scholar
Lynch-Brown, Carol and Tomlinson, Carl M.. Essentials of Children's Literature. 6th edn. New York: Allyn and Bacon, 2007.Google Scholar
Mabee, Carleton, with Newhouse, Susan Mabee. Sojourner Truth: Slave, Prophet, Legend. New York: New York University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
MacKethan, Lucinda. Discrepant Engagement: Dissonance, Cross-Culturality, and Experimental Writing. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
MacKethan, Lucinda. “Plantation Fiction.” In Flora, Joseph M. and MacKethan, Lucinda H. (eds.), The Companion to Southern Literature. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2002. 650–652.Google Scholar
Mackey, Nathaniel. Eroding Witness. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Mackey, Nathaniel. School of Udhra. San Francisco, CA: City Lights Books, 1993.Google Scholar
Mackey, Nathaniel. Splay Anthem. New York: New Directions, 2006.Google Scholar
Mackey, Nathaniel. WHATSAID Serif. 1998. San Francisco, CA: City Lights Books, 1998.Google Scholar
Madhubuti, Haki (Lee, Don L.). Dynamite Voices. Detroit, MI: Broadside Press, 1971.Google Scholar
Madhubuti, Haki (Lee, Don L.). Groundwork: New and Selected Poems from 1966 to 1996. Chicago, IL: Third World Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Madhubuti, Haki (Lee, Don L.). Liberation Narratives: New and Selected Poems 1966–2009. Chicago, IL: Third World Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Madhubuti, Haki (Lee, Don L.). Yellow Black: The First Twenty-One Years of a Poet's Life. Chicago, IL: Third World Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Magistrale, Tony and Ferreira, Patricia. “Sweet Mama Wanda Tells Fortunes: An Interview with Wanda Coleman.”Black American Literature Forum 24.3 (Autumn 1990): 491–507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, Clarence. The Dark and Feeling: Black American Writers and Their Work. New York: Third Press, 1974.Google Scholar
Major, Clarence. Emergency Exit. New York: Fiction Collective, 1979.Google Scholar
Major, Clarence. My Amputations. New York: Fiction Collective, 1986.Google Scholar
Major, Clarence. (ed.). The New Black Poetry. New York: International, 1969.Google Scholar
Major, Clarence. Reflex and Bone Structure. New York: Fiction Collective, 1975.Google Scholar
Major, Clarence. “The Slave Trade: View from the Middle Passage.”African American Review 28.1 (Spring 1994): 11–22.Google Scholar
Malinowski, Bronislaw. “The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages.” Supplement to Ogden, C. K. and Richards, I. A., The Meaning of Meaning. 1923. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1989. 296–336.Google Scholar
Malkin, Jeanette R.Memory-Theatre and Postmodern Drama. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mandziuk, Roseann M. and Fitch, Suzanne Pullon. “The Rhetorical Construction of Sojourner Truth.”Southern Communication Journal 66.2 (2001): 120–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marrant, John. A Narrative of the Lord's Wonderful Dealings with John Marrant, a Black. London: Printed for the author, by R. Hawes, 1785. In Carretta, Unchained Voices 110–133.Google Scholar
Marshall, Paule. Brown Girl, Brownstones. 1959. Old Westbury, NY: The Feminist Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Marshall, Paule. The Chosen Place, the Timeless People. New York: Harcourt Brace and World, 1969.Google Scholar
Marshall, Paule. Daughters. New York: Atheneum, 1991.Google Scholar
Marshall, Paule. The Fisher King. New York: Scribner, 2000.Google Scholar
Marshall, Paule. Praisesongfor the Widow. 1983. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1984.Google Scholar
Marshall, Paule. Reena and Other Stories. New York: The Feminist Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Marshall, Paule. “Rising Islanders of Bed-Stuy.”New York Times Magazine November 3, 1985: 67, 78, 80–82.Google Scholar
Marshall, Paule. Soul Clap Hands and Sing. New York: Atheneum, 1961.Google Scholar
Martin, Reginald (ed.). Dark Eros: Black Erotic Writings. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.Google Scholar
Martin, Tony. Literary Garveyism: Garvey, Blacks Arts and the Harlem Renaissance. Dover, MA: The Majority Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl. “The Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right.“ In Early Writings. Ed. Bottomore, T. B.. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.Google Scholar
Matlack, Lucius. “Introduction.” In The Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, An American Slave, Written by Himself. 1850. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Mattison, Hiram. Louisa Picquet, the Octoroon: or Inside Views of Southern Domestic Life. 1861. In Collected Black Women's Narratives. With Introduction by Barthelemy, Anthony G.. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Maxwell, William J.New Negro, Old Left: African-American Writing and Communism between the Wars. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
McBride, Dwight A.Impossible Witnesses: Truth, Abolitionism, and Slave Testimony. New York: New York University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
McCaffery, Larry and Kutnik, Jerzy. “‘I Follow My Eyes’: An Interview with Clarence Major.” In Bell, Bernard (ed.), Clarence Major and His Art. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. 77–98.Google Scholar
McCarthy, Timothy Patrick and Stauffer, John (eds.). Prophets of Protest: Reconsidering the History of American Abolitionism. New York: The New Press, 2006.Google Scholar
McCaskill, Barbara and Gebhard, Caroline (ed.). Post-Bellum, Pre-Harlem: African American Literature and Culture, 1877–1919. New York: New York University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
McDowell, Deborah E.“The Changing Same”: Black Women's Literature, Criticism, and Theory. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
McDowell, Deborah E. and Rampersad, Arnold (eds.) Slavery and the Literary Imagination: Selected Papers from the English Institute, 1987. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
McGill, Lisa D.Constructing Black Selves: Caribbean American Narratives and the Second Generation. New York: New York University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
McGlothin, Victor and Mason, J. D.. Sleep Don't Come Easy. New York: Dafina, 2008.Google Scholar
McGlothin, Victor. Autumn Leaves: A Novel. New York: St. Martin's, 2002.Google Scholar
McGlothin, Victor. What's a Woman to Do?New York: St. Martin's, 2003.Google Scholar
McHenry, Elizabeth. Forgotten Readers: Recovering the Lost History of African American Literary Societies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKay, Claude. Banana Bottom. New York: Harvest Books, 1974.Google Scholar
McKay, Claude. Banjo. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1929.Google Scholar
McKay, Claude. Constab Ballads. London: Watts, 1912.Google Scholar
McKay, Claude. Harlem Shadows. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1929.Google Scholar
McKay, Claude. Home to Harlem. 1928. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press, 1987.Google Scholar
McKnight, Reginald. He Sleeps. New York: Holt, 2001.Google Scholar
McKnight, Reginald. I Get on the Bus. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1990.Google Scholar
McMillan, Terry. (ed.). Breaking Ice: An Anthology of Contemporary African-American Fiction. New York: Viking, 1990.Google Scholar
McMillan, Terry. (ed.). Disappearing Acts. New York: Viking, 1989.Google Scholar
McMillan, Terry. (ed.). The Interruption of Everything. New York: Viking, 2005.Google Scholar
McMillan, Terry. (ed.). Mama. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1987.Google Scholar
McMillan, Terry. (ed.). Waiting to Exhale. New York: Viking, 1992.Google Scholar
McPherson, James Alan. Elbow Room. 1977. New York: Fawcett, 1986.Google Scholar
McPherson, James Alan. Hue and Cry. 1968. New York: Harper Perennial, 2001.Google Scholar
Medina, Tony and Rivera, Louis Reyes (eds.). Bum Rush the Page: a defpoetry jam. Foreword by Sanchez, Sonia. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Medina, Tony. Love to Langston. New York: Lee and Low Books, 2002.Google Scholar
Meer, Sarah. Uncle Tom Mania: Slavery, Minstrelsy and Transatlantic Culture in the 1850s.Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Meir, August and Rudwick, Elliott. From Plantation to Ghetto. 1966. Rev. edn. New York: Hill and Wang, 1970.Google Scholar
Melhem, D. H.Heroism in the New Black Poetry. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1990.Google Scholar
Micheaux, Oscar. The Homesteader. 1917. New York: Kessinger, 2008.Google Scholar
Micklebury, Penny. One Must Wait. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.Google Scholar
Micklebury, Penny. Paradise Interrupted. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001.Google Scholar
Micklebury, Penny. Where to Choose. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.Google Scholar
Mikkelsen, Nina.“Diamonds within Diamonds: Ethnic Literature and the Fractal Aesthetic.”Melus 27.2 (Summer 2002): 95–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, D. Q. (ed.). Re-Viewing James Baldwin: Things Not Seen. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Miller, James A.“African-American Writing of the 1930s: A Prologue.” In Mullen, Bill, and Linkon, Sherry (eds.), Radical Representations: Rereading 1930s Culture. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1996: 78–90.Google Scholar
Miller, James A. et al. “Mother Ada Wright and the International Campaign to Free the Scottsboro Boys, 1931–1934.”American Historical Review 106.2 (April 2001): 387–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, R. Baxter. Black American Poets between Worlds, 1940–1960. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Miller, R. Baxter. A Literary Criticism of Five Generations of African American Writing: The Artistry of Memory.Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Mintz, Sidney W. and Price, Richard. The Birth of African American Culture: An Anthropological Perspective. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Angelyn. The Freedom to Remember: Narrative, Slavery, and Gender in Contemporary Black Women's Fiction. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Angelyn. (ed.). Within the Circle: An Anthology of African American Literary Criticism from the Harlem Renaissance to the Present. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Monroe, Mary and McGlothin, Victor. Borrow Trouble. New York: Dafina, 2006.Google Scholar
Moody, Joycelyn. Sentimental Confessions: Spiritual Narratives of Nineteenth-Century African American Women. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Moore, Jessica Care. The Words Don't Fit in My Mouth. Detroit, MI: Moore Black Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Moore, Opal. Lot's Daughters. Chicago, IL: Third World Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Mootry, Maria K.‘Down the Whirlwind of Good Rage’: An Introduction to Gwendolyn Brooks.” In Mootry, Maria K., and Smith, Gary (eds.), A Life Distilled: Gwendolyn Brooks, Her Poetry and Fiction. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1987. 1–17.Google Scholar
Morrison, Toni. Beloved. 1987. New York: Vintage, 2004.Google Scholar
Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Holt Rinehart Winston 1970.Google Scholar
Morrison, Toni. “City Limits, Village Values.” In Jaye, Michael C., and Watts, Ann Chalmers (eds.), Literature and the Urban Experience: Essays on the City and Literature. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1981. 11–43.Google Scholar
Morrison, Toni. Jazz. New York: Knopf, 1992.Google Scholar
Morrison, Toni. A Mercy. New York: Random House, 2008.Google Scholar
Morrison, Toni. Paradise. New York: Plume, 1997.Google Scholar
Morrison, Toni. “Rootedness: The Ancestor as Foundation.” In Evans, Mari (ed.), Black Women Writers (1950–1980). New York: Doubleday, 1984. 339–345.Google Scholar
Morrison, Toni. “The Site of Memory.” In Zinsser, William (ed.), Inventing the Truth: The Art and Craft of Memoir. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1987. 103–120.Google Scholar
Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York: Knopf, 1977.Google Scholar
Morrison, Toni. Sula. New York: Knopf, 1973.Google Scholar
Morrison, Toni. Tar Baby. New York: Plume, 1982.Google Scholar
Morrison, Toni. What Moves at the Margin: selected Nonfiction. Ed. Denard, Carolyn. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2008.Google Scholar
Moses, Wilson Jeremiah. Afrotopia: The Roots of African American Popular History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moses, Wilson Jeremiah. Creative Conflict in African American Thought: Frederick Douglass, Alexander Crummell, Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Marcus Garvey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Motley, Willard. Knock on Any Door. 1947. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Motley, Willard. We Fished All Night. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1951.Google Scholar
Mounin, Georges. Les Problèmes théoriques de la traduction, Paris: Gallimard, 1963.Google Scholar
Mullen, Bill. Popular Fronts: Chicago and African-American Cultural Politics, 1935–1946.Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Mullen, Harryette. Blues Baby: Early Poems. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Mullen, Harryette. “Imagining the Unimagined Reader: Writing to the Unborn and Including the Excluded.”Boundary 2 26.1 (Spring 1999): 198–203.Google Scholar
Mullen, Harryette. Recyclopedia: Trimmings, S⋆PeRM⋆⋆r⋆T, and Muse & Drudge. St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Mullen, Harryette. Sleeping with the Dictionary. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Murray, Albert. The Magic Keys. New York: Pantheon, 2005.Google Scholar
Murray, Albert. The Omni-Americans: Black Experience and American Culture. 1970. New York: Da Capo Press, 1978.Google Scholar
Murray, Albert. The Seven League Boots. New York: Pantheon, 1995.Google Scholar
Murray, Albert. The Spyglass Tree. New York: Pantheon, 1991.Google Scholar
Murray, Albert. Train Whistle Guitar. 1974. New York: Vintage, 1998.Google Scholar
Murray, Rolland. “Black Crisis Shuffle: Fiction, Race, and Simulation.”African American Review 42.2 (Summer 2008): 215–233.Google Scholar
Murray, Rolland. “Diaspora by Bus: Reginald McKnight, Postmodernism, and Transatlantic Subjectivity.”Contemporary Literature 46.1 (2005): 46–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mvuyekure, Pierre-Damien. The “Dark Heathenism” of the American Novelist Ishmael Reed: African Voodoo as American Literary Hoodoo. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Myers, Peter C.Frederick Douglass: Race and the Rebirth of American Liberalism. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2008.Google Scholar
Myrdal, Gunnar. An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. 1944. New York: Pantheon, 1975.Google Scholar
Nadell, Martha Jane. Enter the New Negroes: Images of Race in American Culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naison, Mark. Communists in Harlem during the Depression. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Nash, Gary B.Race and Revolution. Madison, WI: Madison House, 1990.Google Scholar
Nasheed, Tariq. The Art of Mackin'. New York: Frontline, 2000.Google Scholar
Naylor, Gloria. “The Black Arts Movement.”TDR 12.4 (Summer 1968): 28–39. Reprinted in Gayle, The Black Aesthetic 272–290.Google Scholar
Naylor, Gloria. Black Boogaloo (Notes on Black Liberation). San Francisco, CA: Journal of Black Poetry Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Naylor, Gloria. “The Cultural Front.”Liberator (June 1965): 27.Google Scholar
Naylor, Gloria. Hoodoo Hollerin' Bebop Ghosts. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1974.Google Scholar
Naylor, Gloria. Mama Day. 1988. New York: Vintage, 1989.Google Scholar
Naylor, Gloria. Untitled. Negro Digest (January 1968): 35
Naylor, Gloria. Women of Brewster Place. New York: Penguin, 1983.Google Scholar
Neal, Mark Anthony. Soul Babies: Black Popular Culture and the Post-Soul Aesthetic. New York: Routledge, 2002.Google Scholar
Neely, Barbara. Blanche on the Lam. New York: Penguin, 1993.Google Scholar
Neely, Barbara. Blanche among the Talented Tenth. New York: Penguin, 1995.Google Scholar
Neely, Barbara. Blanche Cleans Up. New York: Penguin, 1999.Google Scholar
Neely, Barbara. Blanche Passes Go. New York: Penguin, 2001.Google Scholar
Neely, Barbara. “The Negro in Art: How Shall He Be Portrayed: A Symposium.”The Crisis 31.5 (March 1926): 219–220.Google Scholar
Neely, Barbara. (ed.). “Critical Background.” In The Collected Last Plays of Lorraine Hansberry. New York: New American Library, 1983. 35–46.Google Scholar
Neely, Barbara. “The Drinking Gourd: A Critical Background.” In The Collected Last Plays of Lorraine Hansberry. New York: New American Library, 1983. 189–216.Google Scholar
Medal, Newbery. Sponsored by the Association for Library Service to Children, of the American Library Association. www.ala.org/ala/alsc/awardsscholarships/literary-awds/ newberymedal/newberymedal.cfm. Accessed July 7, 2008.
Newman, Richard S.The Transformation of American Abolitionism: Fighting Slavery in the Early Republic. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Newman, Richard, Rael, Patrick and Lapsansky, Phillip (eds.). Pamphlets of Protest: An Anthology of Early African-American Protest Literature, 1790–1860.New York: Routledge, 2001.Google Scholar
Nichols, Charles H. (ed.). Arna Bontemps–Langston Hughes Letters: 1925–1967. New York: Paragon House, 1990.Google Scholar
Nielsen, Aldon Lynn. Black Chant: Languages of African-American Postmodernism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Nielsen, Aldon Lynn. Integral Music: Languages of African American Innovation. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Nielsen, Aldon Lynn. Writing between the Lines: Race and Intertextuality. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Niles, John D.Homo Narrans: The Poetics and Anthropology of Oral Literature. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niven, Larry and Barnes, Steven. The Descent of Anansi. New York: Tor, 1982.Google Scholar
Nora, Pierre. “Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire.” In Fabre, Geneviève, and O'Meally, Robert (eds.), History and Memory in African-American Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. 7–25.Google Scholar
North, Michael. The Dialect of Modernism: Race, Language and Twentieth-Century Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Nunez, Elisabeth. Beyond the Limbo Silence. Seattle, WA: Seal Press, 1998.Google Scholar
O'Meally, Robert (ed.). New Essays on Invisible Man. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Meally, Robert (ed.). The Jazz Cadence of American Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
O'Meally, Robert“Opinion.”The Crisis 31.4 (February 1926): 163–166.Google Scholar
Oakes, James. The Radical and the Republican: Frederick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, and the Triumph of Antislavery Politics. New York: W. W. Norton, 2007.Google Scholar
Ojaide, Tanure. Poetic Imagination in Black Africa. Durham: North Carolina University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Okpewho, Isidore. African Oral Literature: Background, Character, and Continuity. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Okpewho, Isidore. The Epic in Africa. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Olatunji, Olatunde O.Features of Yoruba Oral Poetry. Ibadan: University Press Limited, 1984.Google Scholar
Olney, James (ed.). Autobiography: Essays Theoretical and Critical. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olney, James (ed.). “‘I Was Born’: Slave Narratives, Their Status as Autobiography and as Literature.” In Davis, Charles T., and Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (eds.), The Slave's Narrative. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985. 148–175.Google Scholar
Osofsky, Gilbert. Harlem: The Making of a Ghetto; Negro New York, 1890–1930. New York: Harper and Row, 1971.Google Scholar
Ostendorf, Berndt. Black Literature in White America. Brighton: Harvester, 1982.Google Scholar
Owens, Brent (dir. and prod.) Shepard, Bobby, Plummer, Roderick, and Funches, Tracy (prods.). Pimps Up, Ho's Down. Going Out Productions, 1998.Google Scholar
Painter, Nell I.“Representing Truth: Sojourner Truth's Knowing and Being Known.”Journal of American History (1994): 461–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Painter, Nell I.Sojourner Truth: A Life, a Symbol. New York: W. W. Norton, 1996.Google Scholar
Parks, Carole A.Nommo: A Literary Legacy of Black Chicago (1967–1987). Chicago, IL: OBAHouse, 1987.Google Scholar
Parks, Suzan-Lori. The America Play and Other Works. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1995.Google Scholar
Parks, Suzan-Lori. Imperceptible Mutabilities in the Third Kingdom. 1989. Los Angeles, CA: Sun and Moon Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Parks, Suzan-Lori. Venus. New York: Dramatists Play Service, 1998.Google Scholar
Patterson, Orlando. Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Pavlic, Edward. Crossroads Modernism: Descent and Emergence in African-American Literary Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Pennington, James W. C.The Fugitive Blacksmith; or, Events in the History of James W. C. Pennington, Pastor of a Presbyterian Church, New York, Formerly a Slave in the State of Maryland, United States. London: C. Gilpin, 1850.Google Scholar
Perdomo, Willie. Visiting Langston. New York: Henry Holt, 2002.Google Scholar
Pereira, Malin. “‘The Poet in the World, the World in the Poet’: Cyrus Cassells's and Elizabeth Alexander's Versions of Post-Soul Cosmopolitanism.”African American Review 41.4 (2007): 709–725.Google Scholar
Perry, Lewis. “Forgotten Manuscripts: Harriet Jacobs and the ‘Dear Old Flag.’ 1864.”African American Review 42.3 (2008):1.Google Scholar
Perry, Lewis. “Harriet Jacobs and the ‘Dear Old Flag.’”African American Review 42.3–4 (Fall/Winter 2008): 595–605.Google Scholar
Peterson, Carla L.“Doers of the Word”: African-American Women Speakers and Writers in the North (1830–1880). New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Petry, Ann. Country Place. 1947. New York: Chatham, 1971.Google Scholar
Petry, Ann. The Narrows. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1953.Google Scholar
Petry, Ann. The Street. 1946. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Petry, Ann. Cambridge. New York: Vintage, 1991.Google Scholar
Petry, Ann. Crossing the River. New York: Vintage, 1994.Google Scholar
Petry, Ann. The European Tribe. 1987. New York: Vintage, 2000.Google Scholar
Philip, Marlene Nourbese. “Managing the Unmanageable.” In Cudjoe, Selwyn R. (ed.), Caribbean Women Writers: Essays from the First International Conference. Wellesley, MA: Calaloux Publications, 1990. 295–300.Google Scholar
Phillips, Caryl. The Atlantic Sound. New York: Knopf, 2000.Google Scholar
Pinckney, Darryl. High Cotton. New York: Penguin, 1992.Google Scholar
Pizer, Donald (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to American Realism and Naturalism: From Howells to London. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plato, . Cratylus. In Plato: The Collected Dialogues. Trans. Benjamin Jowett. Ed. Hamilton, Edith and Cairns, Huntington. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1961 (Bollingen Series).Google Scholar
Plato, . Phaedrus. In Plato: The Collected Dialogues. Trans. Hackforth, R.. Ed. Hamilton, Edith and Cairns, Huntington. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1961 (Bollingen Series).Google Scholar
Plummer, Brenda Gayle (ed.). Window on Freedom: Race, Civil Rights, and Foreign Affairs, 1945–1988. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plumpp, Sterling. Blues Narratives. Chicago, IL: Tia Chucha Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Plumpp, Sterling. Blues: The Story Always Untold. Chicago, IL: Another Chicago Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Plumpp, Sterling. The Mojo Hands Call, I Must Go. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Plumpp, Sterling. Velvet Bebop Kente Cloth. Chicago, IL: Third World Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Polite, Carlene Hatcher. The Flagellants. 1967. Boston, MA: Beacon, 1987.Google Scholar
Polite, Carlene Hatcher. Sister X and the Victims of Foul Play. New York: Farrar, Straus, 1975.Google Scholar
Porter, Dorothy (ed.). Early Negro Writing, 1760–1837. Baltimore, MD: Black Classic Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Porter, Dorothy (ed.). “The Organized Educational Activities of Negro Literary Societies, 1828–1846.”Journal of Negro Education 5.4 (1936): 555–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powers, Kim. “An Interview with August Wilson.”Theatre 16.1 (Fall/Winter 1984): 50–55.Google Scholar
Prince, Mary. The History of Mary Prince, A West Indian Slave, Related by Herself. 1831. Ed. Salih, Sarah. London: Penguin, 2000.Google Scholar
Propp, Vladimir. Morphologie du conte (Morphology of the Folk Tale). Paris: Gallimard, 1970.Google Scholar
Pryor, G. Langhorne. Neither Bond nor Free. (A Plea). 1902. New York: AMS, 1975.Google Scholar
Quarles, Benjamin. Black Abolitionists. New York: Oxford University Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Latifah, Queen and Hunter, Karen. Ladies First. New York: William Morrow. 1998.Google Scholar
Rael, Patrick. Black Identity and Black Protest in the Antebellum North. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Rambsy, Howard. The Black Arts Enterprise and the Production of African American Poetry. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Ramey, Lauri. Slave Songs and the Birth of African American Poetry. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rampersad, Arnold. The Life of Langston Hughes, vol. i:1902–1941: I, Too, Sing America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Rampersad, Arnold. The Life of Langston Hughes. vol. ii: 1941–1967: I Dream a World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Rampersad, Arnold. Ralph Ellison: A Biography. New York: Knopf, 2007.Google Scholar
Randall, Alice. The Wind Done Gone. New York: Mariner, 2002.Google Scholar
Randall, Dudley and Burroughs, Margaret (eds.). For Malcolm: Poems on the Life and Death of Malcolm X. Detroit, MI: Broadside Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Randall, Dudley. After the Killing. Chicago, IL: Third World Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Randall, Dudley. (ed.). The Black Poets. New York: Bantam, 1971.Google Scholar
Randolph, A. Philip. “A New Crowd – A New Negro.”The Messenger 2 (May-June 1919); in Huggins, Voices from the Harlem Renaissance 18–23.Google Scholar
Redding, J. Saunders. On Being Negro in America. 1951. New York: Bantam, 1964.Google Scholar
Redding, J. Saunders. No Day of Triumph. New York: Harper, 1942.Google Scholar
Redding, J. Saunders. Review of Annie Allen, by Brooks, Gwendolyn. Afro-American August 27, 1949: 3.Google Scholar
Redding, J. Saunders. Review of Invisible Man, by Ellison, Ralph. Afro-American May 10, 1952: 10.Google Scholar
Redding, J. Saunders. Review of Libretto for the Republic of Liberia, by Tolson, Melvin B.. Afro-American January 23, 1954: 2.Google Scholar
Redding, J. Saunders. Review of Maud Martha, by Brooks, Gwendolyn. Afro-American November 14, 1953: 2.Google Scholar
Redding, J. Saunders. Review of The Narrows, by Petry, Ann. Afro-American September 12, 1953: 3.Google Scholar
Redding, J. Saunders. Review of Notes of a Native Son, by Baldwin, James. Afro-American March 17, 1956: 2.Google Scholar
Redding, J. Saunders. Review of The Outsider, by Wright, Richard. Afro-American May 9, 1953: 2.Google Scholar
Redding, J. Saunders. Review of We Have Tomorrow, by Bontemps, Arna. Afro-American August 10, 1946: 4.Google Scholar
Redding, J. Saunders. Stranger and Alone. 1950. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Redding, J. Saunders. To Make a Poet Black. 1939. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Redmond, Eugene B.Drumvoices: The Mission of Afro-American Poetry, a Critical History. Garden City, NY: Anchor, 1976.Google Scholar
Redmond, Eugene B. (ed.). Knees of a Natural Man: The Selected Poetry of Henry Dumas. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Reed, Brian. “The Dark Room Collective and Post-Soul Aesthetics.”African American Review 41.4 (Winter 2007): 727–747.Google Scholar
Reed, Ishmael. Flight to Canada. New York: Random House, 1976.Google Scholar
Reed, Ishmael. Japanese by Spring. New York: Atheneum, 1993.Google Scholar
Reed, Ishmael. Mumbo Jumbo. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1972.Google Scholar
Reed, Ishmael. Reckless Eyeballing. New York: Atheneum, 1988.Google Scholar
Reed, Ishmael. Yellow Back Radio Broke-Down. New York: Doubleday, 1969.Google Scholar
Revell, Peter. Paul Laurence Dunbar. Boston, MA: Twayne Publishers, 1979.Google Scholar
Reyes, Angelita. Mothering Across Cultures: Postcolonial Representations. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Rhodes, Jane. Mary Ann Shadd Cary: The Black Press and Protest in the Nineteenth Century. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Rhodes, Jane. “Race, Money, Politics, and the Antebellum Black Press.”Journalism History 20. 3–4 (1994): 95–106.Google Scholar
Rice, Alan J. and Crawford, Martin (eds.). Liberating Sojourn: Frederick Douglass and Transatlantic Reform. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Richards, Sandra. “Yoruba Gods on the American Stage: August Wilson's Joe Turner's Come and Gone.”Research in African Literatures 30.4 (Winter 1999): 92–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, Marilyn (ed.). Maria W. Stewart, America's First Black Woman Political Writer: Essays and Speeches. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Richardson, Willis. Plays and Pageants from Negro Life. Washington, DC: Associated Publishers, 1930.Google Scholar
Ricoeur, Paul. La Métaphore vive. Paris: éditions du Seuil, 1975.Google Scholar
Ripley, C. Peter. “Introduction.” In Ripley, C. Peter et al. (eds.), The Black Abolitionist Papers vol. i: The British Isles, 1830–1865. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1985. 3–35.Google Scholar
Roach, Joseph. Cities of the Dead. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Roberts, John W.From Trickster to Badman: The Black Folk Hero in Slavery and Freedom. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, Cedric. Black Marxism: The Making of the Black Radical Tradition. 1983. Foreword and Introduction. Kelley, Robin D. G.. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Robinson, William H. Jr.“General Introduction.” In Early Black American Poets: Selections with Biographical and Critical Introductions. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown Company, 1971. xiii–xviii.Google Scholar
Robotham, Rosemarie. The Bluelight Corner: Black Women Writing on Passion, Sex, and Romantic Love. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Roby, Kimberly Lawson. Behind Closed Doors. 1997. New York: Avon, 2004.Google Scholar
Rocha, Mark. “Black Madness in August Wilson's ‘Down the Line’ Cycle.” In Redmond, James (ed.), Madness in Drama: Themes in Drama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. 191–201.Google Scholar
Rodgers, Carolyn M.Heart As Ever Green: Poems. Garden City, NY: Anchor/Doubleday, 1978.Google Scholar
Rodgers, Carolyn M.How I Got Ovah: New and selected Poems. Garden City, NY: Anchor/Doubleday, 1975.Google Scholar
Rodgers, Carolyn M.Songs of a Black Bird. Chicago, IL: Third World Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Rodman, Dennis. Bad As I Wanna Be. New York: Delacorte, 1996.Google Scholar
Rogers, Elymas Payson. The Repeal of the Missouri Compromise Considered. Newark, NJ: A. S. Holbrook, printer, 1856.Google Scholar
Rogin, Michael. Blackface, White Noise: Jewish Immigrants in the Hollywood Melting Pot. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Rohrbach, Augusta. Truth Stranger than Fiction: Race, Realism, and the U.S. Literary Marketplace. New York: Palgrave, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rorty, Richard. Contingency, Irony, Solidarity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, Fran. Oreo. 1974. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Rossiter, Clinton (ed.). The Federalist Papers. New York: New American Library, 1961.Google Scholar
Rotlock, Barbara. The Black Experience in Children's Books. 2nd edn. New York: New York Public Library, 1984.Google Scholar
Rowell, Charles Henry“Above the Wind: An Interview with Audre Lorde.”Callaloo 23.1 (Winter 2000): 52–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowell, Charles Henry“Editor's Note.”Callaloo 27.4 (Fall 2004): vii–ix.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowell, Charles Henry“The Identity Repairman: From a Conversation with Thomas Sayers Ellis, Editor of Quotes Commentary: Notes for Black Poets.”Callaloo 27.3 (2004): 629–630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowell, Charles Henry“Interview with Rita Dove, i and ii. Callaloo 31.3 (2008): 715–726.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowland, E. C.“Ideophones in Yoruba.” In African Language Studies. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, 1970. 289–297.Google Scholar
Rowley, Hazel. Richard Wright: The Life and Times. New York: Henry Holt, 2001.Google Scholar
Royal, Mickey. The Pimp Game: Instructional Guide. New York: Sharif, 1998.Google Scholar
Royster, Jacqueline Jones. Southern Horrors and Other Writings: The Anti-Lynching Campaign of Ida B. Wells, 1892–1900. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1996.Google Scholar
Ruggles, Jeffrey. Unboxing of Henry Brown. Richmond: Library of Virginia, 2003.Google Scholar
Rusch, Frederick L. (ed.). A Jean Toomer Reader: Selected Unpublished Writings. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Rushdy, Ashraf H. A.Neo-Slave Narratives: Studies in the Social Logic of a Literary Form. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Russell, David L.Literature for Children: A Short Introduction. 4th edn. New York: Longman/Addison Wesley, 2001.Google Scholar
Russell, Nadia Ellis, “Crossing Borders: An Interview with Erna Brodber, May 7, 2001. www.inthefray.com/200105/imagine/brodber2/brodber.html. Accessed November 12, 2009.
Salas, Angela M.“Race, Human Empathy, and Negative Capability: The Poetry of Yusef Komunyakaa,”College Literature 30.4 (Fall 2003): 32–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sale, Maggie Montesinos. The Slumbering Volcano: American Slave Ship Revolts and the Production of Rebellious Masculinity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Salih, Sarah (ed.). The History of Mary Prince, A West Indian Slave, Related by Herself. 1831. London: Penguin, 2000.Google Scholar
Samuels, Shirley (ed.). The Culture of Sentiment: Race, Gender, and Sentimentality in Nineteenth-Century America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Sanchez, Sonia. A Blues Book for Blue Black Magical Women. Detroit, MI: Broadside Press, 1974.Google Scholar
Sanchez, Sonia. Full Moon of Sonia. Atlanta, GA: National Black Arts Festival, 2004.Google Scholar
Sanchez, Sonia. Homecoming. Detroit, MI: Broadside Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Sanchez, Sonia. homegirls & handgrenades. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Sanchez, Sonia. It's a New Day. Detroit, MI: Broadside Press, 1971.Google Scholar
Sanchez, Sonia. Under a Soprano Sky. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Sanchez, Sonia. We a BaddDDD People. Detroit, MI: Broadside Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Sanchez-Eppler, Karen.Touching Liberty: Abolition, Feminism, and the Politics of the Body. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Sanders, Leslie Catherine (ed.). The Collected Works of Langston Hughes, vol. vi: Gospel Plays. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001: 538–539.Google Scholar
Sanders, Leslie Catherine with Johnston, Nancy (eds.). The Collected Works of Langston Hughes, vol. v: The Plays to 1942. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001: 538–539.Google Scholar
Sanders, Mark. Afro-Modernist Aesthetics and the Poetry of Sterling Brown. Atlanta: University of Georgia Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Santamarina, Xiomara. Beloved Professions: Narratives of African American Working Womanhood. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Santamarina, Xiomara. “Elleanor Eldridge.” In Gates, Henry Louis Jr., and Higginbotham, Elizabeth (eds.), African American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. 167–169.Google Scholar
Savran, David. “August Wilson.”In Their Own Words. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1988. 288–305.Google Scholar
Scarboro, Ann Armstrong. “Afterword”. In Condé, Maryse, I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem. Trans. Philcox, Richard. 1986. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1992. 187–227.Google Scholar
Schraufnagel, J.From Apology to Protest: The Black American Novel. Delano, FL: Everett and Edwards, 1973.Google Scholar
Schulberg, Budd (ed.). From the Ashes: Voices of Watts. New York: New American Library, 1967.Google Scholar
Schuyler, George. Black No More. 1931. New York: Random House, 1999.Google Scholar
Schuyler, George. “The Negro Art-Hokum.”Nation 122 (June 16, 1926): 662–663. Repr. in Huggins, Voices from the Harlem Renaissance 310.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Michael (ed.) Visions of a Liberated Future: Black Arts Movement Writings. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Schweninger, Loren (ed.) The Southern Debate over Slavery, vol. i: Petitions to Southern Legislatures, 1778–1864. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Schweninger, Loren (ed.) The Southern Debate over Slavery, vol. ii: Petitions to Southern Courts, 1775–1867. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Scott-Heron, Gil. “H2O Gate Blues.”Winter in America. Strata-East, 1974.Google Scholar
Scott-Heron, Gil. “Pardon Our Analysis (We Beg Your Pardon).”Midnight Band: The First Minute of New Day. Arista, 1975.Google Scholar
Scott-Heron, Gil. Pieces of a Man. Flying Dutchman. FD-10143. 1971.
Scott-Heron, Gil. So Far, So Good. Chicago, IL: Third World Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Sekora, John and Turner, Darwin T. (eds.). The Art of the Slave Narrative: Original Essays in Criticism and Theory. Macomb: Western Illinois University Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Sell, Mike. Avant Garde Performance and the Limits of Criticism. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Selzer, Linda Ferguson. Charles Johnson in Context. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Selzer, Linda Ferguson. “Reading the Painterly Text: Clarence Major's ‘The Slave Trade: View from the Middle Passage.’”African American Review 33.2 (Summer 1999): 209–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Senghor, Léopold. “La Poésie négro-americaine.” In Négritude et humanisme. Paris: éditions du Seuil, 1964 00–0.Google Scholar
Shange, Ntozake. for colored girls who have considered suicide when the rainbow is enuf. New York: Bantam, 1976.Google Scholar
Shange, Ntozake. spell #7. Three Pieces. 1979. New York: St. Martin's, 1981.Google Scholar
Shannon, Sandra. “August Wilson's Autobiography.” In Singh, Amritjit, Skerret, Joseph T. Jr., and Hogan, Robert E. (eds.), Memory and Cultural Politics. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press, 1996. 175–193.Google Scholar
Shannon, Sandra. The Dramatic Vision of August Wilson. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Sharpton, Al and Hunter, Karen. Al On America. New York: Kensington, 2003.Google Scholar
Sherman, Joan R. (ed.). The Black Bard of North Carolina: George Moses Horton and His Poetry. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Sherman, Joan R. (ed.). “Introduction.” In African-American Poetry of the Nineteenth Century: An Anthology. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1992. 1–14.Google Scholar
Sherman, Joan R. (ed.). Invisible Poets: Afro-Americans of the Nineteenth Century. 2nd edn. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Sidney, Joseph. An Oration Commemorative of the Abolition of the Slave Trade. New York: Printed for the author, 1809. In Porter, Early Negro Writing 355–364.Google Scholar
Sims, Rudine. “Children's Books about Blacks: A Mid-Eighties Status Report.”Children's Literature Review 8 (1985): 9–13.Google Scholar
Sims, Rudine. Shadow and Substance: Afro-American Experience in Contemporary Children's Fiction. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English/American Library Association, 1982.Google Scholar
Sipkins, Henry. An Oration on the Abolition of the Slave Trade. New York: Printed by J. C. Totten, 1809. In Porter, Early Negro Writing 365–373.Google Scholar
Sissoko, Fa Digui. The Epic of Son-Jara: A West African Tradition. Trans. and analytical study by Johnson, John William. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Sitkoff, Harvard. A New Deal for Blacks: The Emergence of Civil Rights as a National Issue. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.Google Scholar
Smethurst, James Edward. The Black Arts Movement. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Smethurst, James Edward. The New Red Negro: The Literary Left, and African American Poetry, 1930–1946. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Smethurst, James Edward. “‘Pat Your Foot and Turn the Corner’: Amiri Baraka, the Black Arts Movement, and the Poetics of a Popular Avant-Garde.”African American Review 37.2–3. Amiri Baraka Issue (Summer-Autumn 2003): 261–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Anna Deavere. Fires in the Mirror. New York: Anchor Books, 1993.Google Scholar
Smith, Anna Deavere. Twilight: Los Angeles 1992. New York: Anchor Books, 1994.Google Scholar
Smith, David L.“A Symposium on the Life and Work of Sterling Brown with Chet Lasell, Eleanor Holmes Norton, Paula Giddings, Sterling Stuckey, Wahneema Lubiano, and Cornel West.”Callaloo Sterling A. Brown Special Issue 21.4 (Autumn 1998): 1038–1074.Google Scholar
Smith, Karen Patricia (ed.). African-American Voices in Young Adult Literature: Tradition, Transition, Transformation. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Smith, Shawn Michelle.Photography on the Color Line: W. E. B. Du Bois, Race, and Visual Culture. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Venture. A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Venture, a Native of Africa. New London, CT: Printed by C. Holt, at the Bee-Office, 1798. In Carretta, Unchained Voices 369–387.Google Scholar
Smith, William Gardner. Last of the Conquerors. New York: Farrar Straus, 1948.Google Scholar
Smith, William Gardner. “The Negro Writer: Pitfalls and Compensations.”Phylon 11.4 (1950): 297–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, William Gardner. Return to Black America. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970.Google Scholar
Smith, William Gardner. South Street. New York: Farrar Straus, 1954.Google Scholar
Smith, William Gardner. The Stone Face, a Novel. New York: Farrar Straus, 1963.Google Scholar
Smith, William Gardner. Talkin' and Testifyin': The Language of Black America. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1977.Google Scholar
Smitherman, Geneva. “The Power of the Rap: The Black Idiom and the New Black Poetry.”Twentieth Century Literature 19.4 (October 1973): 259–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soitos, Stephen. The Blues Detective: A Study of African American Detective Fiction. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Sollors, Werner, Beyond Ethnicity: Consent and Descent in American Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986Google Scholar
Sollors, Werner, (ed.). The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano. New York: W. W. Norton, 2000.Google Scholar
Sollors, Werner, “Modernization as Adultery: Richard Wright, Zora Neale Hurston, and American Culture of the 1930s and 1940s.”Hebrew University Studies in Literature and Arts 18 (1990): 109–155.Google Scholar
Solomon, Mark. The Cry Was Unity: Communists and African Americans, 1917–1936. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1998.Google Scholar
Soulja, Sister (Williamson, Lisa). The Coldest Winter Ever. New York: Atria, 1999.Google Scholar
Soulja, Sister (Williamson, Lisa). Midnight: A Gangster Love Story. New York: Atria, 2008.Google Scholar
Soulja, Sister (Williamson, Lisa). No Disrespect. New York: Crown, 1994.Google Scholar
Spaulding, A. Timothy. Re-Forming the Past: History, the Fantastic, and the Postmodern Slave Narrative. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Spillers, Hortense J.Black, White and in Color: Essays on American Literature, and Culture. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Spillers, Hortense and Pryse, Marjorie (eds.). Conjuring: Black Women, Fiction, and Literary Tradition. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Starling, Marion Wilson. The Slave Narrative: Its Place in American History. 2nd edn. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Stauffer, John. The Black Hearts of Men: Radical Abolitionists and the Transformation of Race. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Stearns, Charles. Narrative of Henry Box Brown, Who Escaped from Slavery Enclosed in a Box 3 Feet Long and 2 Wide. Written from a Statement of Facts Made by Himself, With Remarks Upon the Remedy for Slavery. Boston, MA: Brown and Stearns, 1849.Google Scholar
Steffans, Karrinne and Hunter, Karen. Confessions of a Video Vixen. New York: Amistad, 2005.Google Scholar
Stepto, Robert B.From Behind the Veil: A Study of Afro-American Narrative. 1979. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Stepto, Robert B.A Home Elsewhere: Reading African American Classics in the Age of Obama.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Sterling, Dorothy (ed.). We Are Your Sisters: Black Women in the Nineteenth Century. New York: W. W Norton, 1984.Google Scholar
Stevens, Wallace. Harmonium. New York: Knopf, 1923.Google Scholar
Stewart, Donald Ogden (ed.). Fighting Words. New York: Harcourt and Brace, 1940.Google Scholar
Stewart, Maria. Maria W. Stewart, America's First Black Woman Political Writer: Essays and Speeches. Ed. Richardson, Marilyn. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Stewart, Maria. “The Proper Training of Children.”Repository of Religion and Literature and of Science and Art 3 (1861): 27–30.Google Scholar
Still, William. The Underground Rail Road: A Record of Facts, Authentic Narratives, Letters, &c., Narrating the Hardships, Hair-breadth Escapes and Death Struggles of the Slaves in their efforts for Freedom, as related by Themselves and Others, or Witnessed by the Author; Together with Sketches of Some of the Largest Stockholders, and Most Liberal Aiders and Advisers, of the Road. 1872. Chicago, IL: Johnson Publishing Co., 1970.Google Scholar
Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life among the Lowly. Boston: J. P. Jewett and Company; Cleveland: Jewett, Proctor, and Worthington, 1852. New York: Vintage, 1991.Google Scholar
Stringer, Vickie. Dirty Red: A Novel. New York: Atria, 2006.Google Scholar
Stringer, Vickie. How to Succeed in the Publishing Game. New York: Triple Crown, 2005.Google Scholar
Stringer, Vickie. Imagine This. New York: Tandem Library, 2004Google Scholar
Stringer, Vickie. Let That Be the Reason. New York: Triple Crown, 2001.Google Scholar
Stuckey, Sterling. Going through the Storm: The Influence of African American Art in History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuckey, Sterling. The Ideological Origins of Black Nationalism. Boston, MA: Beacon, 1972.Google Scholar
Stuckey, Sterling. Slave Culture: Nationalist Theory and the Foundations of Black America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Stuckey, Sterling. Strangers in the Land: Blacks, Jews, Post-Holocaust America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Sundquist, Eric J.To Wake the Nations: Race in the Making of American Literature. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Tate, Claudia (ed.). Black Women Writers. New York: Continuum, 1983.Google Scholar
Tate, Claudia (ed.). Domestic Allegories of Political Desire: The Black Heroine's Text at the Turn of the Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Tate, Claudia (ed.). Psychoanalysis and Black Novels: Desire and the Protocols of Race. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Tatum, Beverly Daniel. “Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria?” and Other Conversations about Race. New York: Basic Books, 1997.Google Scholar
Taylor, Carol (ed.). Brown Sugar: A Collection of Erotic Black Fiction. New York: Plume 2001.Google Scholar
Taylor, Carol (ed.). Brown Sugar 2: Great One-Night Stands. New York: Washington Square, 2002.Google Scholar
Taylor, Carol (ed.). Brown Sugar 3: When Opposites Attract. New York: Washington Square, 2003.Google Scholar
Taylor, Carol (ed.). Brown Sugar 4: Secret Desires. New York: Washington Square, 2005.Google Scholar
Taylor, Carol (ed.). The Ex-Chronicles: A Novel. New York: Plume, 2010Google Scholar
Taylor, Clyde R.“Henry Dumas: Legacy of a Long-breath Singer.”Black World (September 1975): 4–15.Google Scholar
Taylor, Clyde R.The Mask of Art: Breaking the Aesthetic Contract–Film and Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Taylor, Mildred D.“Author's Note.” In Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry. New York: Puffin, 1997.Google Scholar
Teague, Kwame. The Adventures of Ghetto Sam/The Glory of My Demise. New York: Teri Woods Publishing, 2003.Google Scholar
Temple, Charles, Martinez, Mariam, and Yokota, Junko. Children's Books in Children's Hands: An Introduction to Their Literature. New York: Pearson Education/Allyn and Bacon, 2006.Google Scholar
Thomas, Helen. Romanticism and Slave Narratives: Transatlantic Testimonies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Thomas, Lorenzo. Extraordinary Measures: Afrocentric Modernism and Twentieth-Century American Poetry. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Thomas, Sheree (ed.). Dark Matter: A Century of Speculative Fiction from the African Diaspora. New York: Warner, 2000.Google Scholar
Thomas, Sheree (ed.). Dark Matter: Reading the Bones. New York: Aspect, 2004.Google Scholar
Thompson, Robert Farris. Flash of the Spirit: African and Afro-American Art and Philosophy. New York: Vintage, 1983.Google Scholar
Thorpe, Marjorie. “Myth and the Caribbean Woman Writer.” In Pyne-Timothy, Helen (ed.), The Woman, the Writer and Caribbean Society. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for Afro-American Studies Publications, 1998. 34–40.Google Scholar
Thurman, Wallace. Infants of the Spring. New York: Macaulay Company. 1932.Google Scholar
Tidwell, John Edgar. “Introduction.” In Tidwell, John Edgar (ed.), Writings of Frank Marshall Davis: A Voice of the Black Press. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2007. xiii–xxxii.Google Scholar
Tidwell, John Edgar and Rager, Cheryl (eds.). Montage of a Dream: The Art and Life of Langston Hughes. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Tillman, Katherine Davis Chapman. The Works of Katherine Davis Chapman Tillman. Repr. with an introduction by Tate, Claudia. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Todd, Ruth D.“Florence Grey, a Three-Part Story.” 1902. In Ammons, Short Fiction by Black Women157–204.Google Scholar
Todd, Ruth D.“The Octoroon's Revenge.” 1902. In Ammons, Short Fiction by Black Women135–144.Google Scholar
Todorov, Tzvetan. “The Notion of Literature.”New Literary History 38.1 (Winter 2007): 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tolson, Nancy D.“Introduction.”Obsidian III: Literature in the African Diaspora 3.1 (Spring-Summer 2001): 9–11.Google Scholar
Toomer, Jean. “Autobiographical Selection.” In Cane. Ed. Turner, Darwin T.. New York: W. W. Norton, 1987. 140–145.Google Scholar
Toomer, Jean. Cane. 1923. New York: Liveright, 1975.Google Scholar
Toomer, Jean. “Letter to Waldo Frank.” In Cane. Ed. Turner, Darwin T.. New York: W. W Norton,. 1987.Google Scholar
Toomer, Jean. The Wayward and the Seeking: A Collection of Writings by Jean Toomer. Ed. Turner, Darwin T.. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Touré, Askia (Snellings, Rolland). “Black Magic! (A Statement on the Tasks of the New Poetry).”Journal of Black Poetry 1.10 (Fall 1968): 63–64.Google Scholar
Touré, Askia“The Crisis in Black Culture.” 1968. In Bracey, John Jr., Meier, August, and Rudwick, Elliott (eds.), Black Nationalism in America. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1970. 452–462.Google Scholar
Touré, AskiaJuju. Chicago, IL: Third World Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Touré, Askia“Keep On Pushin': Rhythm & Blues as a Weapon.”Liberator 5 (October 1965): 6–8.Google Scholar
Trethewey, Natasha. Bellocq's Ophelia: Poems. St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Trethewey, Natasha. Domestic Work. St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Trethewey, Natasha. Native Guard. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2006.Google Scholar
Trilling, Lionel. “Elements That Are Wanted.”Partisan Review 7 (1940): 367–379.Google Scholar
Troupe, Quincy. (ed.). Watts Writers and Poets. Los Angeles, CA: House of Respect, 1968.Google Scholar
Trumbull, Henry. Life and Adventures of Robert Voorhis, the Hermit of Massachusetts, Who Has Lived 14 Years in a Cave, Secluded from Human Society. Providence, RI: Printed for H. Trumbull, 1829.Google Scholar
Tuma, Keith (ed.). Rainbow Darkness: An Anthology of African American Poetry. Oxford, OH: Miami University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Turner, Darwin T. (ed. and Intro.). Black Drama in America: An Anthology. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Turner, Darwin T. (ed.). Cane: An Authoritative Text, Backgrounds, Criticism/Jean Toomer. New York: W. W. Norton, 1988.Google Scholar
Turner, Darwin T.In a Minor Chord: Three Afro-American Writers and Their Search for Identity. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1971.Google Scholar
Turner, Darwin T.“Paul Laurence Dunbar: The Forgotten Symbol.”Journal of Negro History 52.1 (1967): 3–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, Nikki. Black Widow. New York: Ballantine/One World, 2008.Google Scholar
Turner, Nikki. Death before Dishonor. New York: G-Unit/Pocket, 2007.Google Scholar
Turner, Nikki. Forever a Hustler's Wife. New York: Ballantine/One World, 2007.Google Scholar
Turner, Nikki. The Glamorous Life. New York: Ballantine/One World, 2005.Google Scholar
Turner, Nikki. A Hustler's Wife. New York: Ballantine/One World, 2002.Google Scholar
Turner, Nikki. A Project Chick. New York: Ballantine/One World, 2003.Google Scholar
Turner, Nikki. Riding Dirty on I-95. New York: Ballantine/One World, 2006.Google Scholar
Turner, Patricia A.“The Atlanta Child Murders: A Case Study of Folklore in the Black Community.” In Bennett, Gillian and Smith, Paul (eds.), Contemporary Legend: A Reader. New York: Garland, 1996. 299–310.Google Scholar
Turpin, Waters E.“Evaluating the Work of the Contemporary Negro Novelist.”Negro History Bulletin (December 1947): 59–64.Google Scholar
Turpin, Waters E.O Canaan!New York: Doubleday, Doran, 1939.Google Scholar
TuSmith, Bonnie and Byerman, Keith E. (eds.). Critical Essays on John Edgar Wideman. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Tyree, Omar. Capital City: The Chronicles of a D.C. Underworld. New York: Mars Productions, 1993.Google Scholar
Tyree, Omar. Flyy Girl. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993.Google Scholar
Tyree, Omar. For the Love of Money. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000.Google Scholar
Tyree, Omar. “An Urban ‘Street Lit’ Retirement.” www.thedailyvoice.com/voice/2008/06/street-lit-000748.php. June 19, 2008. Accessed November 25, 2008.
Ullman, Victor. Martin R. Delany: The Beginnings of Black Nationalism. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1971.Google Scholar
Underwood, Blair, Due, Tananarive, and Barnes, Steven. Casenegra. New York: Atria, 2007.Google Scholar
Underwood, Blair, Due, Tananarive, and Barnes, Steven. In the Night of the Heat. New York: Atria, 2008.Google Scholar
,United Nations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 1948. www.un.org/Overview/rights.html#a22. Accessed December 22, 2008.
Up From Slavery. 1901. Introduction by Robinson, James. New York: Barnes and Noble, 2003.Google Scholar
,US Bureau of the Census. Negro Population, 1790–1915. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1918.
Vail, Leroy and White, Landeg. Power and the Praise Poem: Southern African Voices in History. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1991.Google Scholar
Valdez, Mario J. and Hutcheon, Linda (eds.). Rethinking Literary History: A Dialogue on Theory. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Van Deburg, William L.New Day in Babylon: The Black Power Movement, and American Culture, 1965–1975. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Van DeburgL., WilliamSlavery and Race in American Popular Culture. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Vangelisti, Paul (ed.). Transbluency: selected Poems. New York: Marsilio Publishers, 1995.Google Scholar
Vechten, Carl. “Moanin' Wid a Sword in Mah Han',” Vanity Fair 1926. Repr. in “Keep A-Inchin' Along”: Selected Writings of Carl Van Vechten about Black Art and Letters. Ed. Kellner, Bruce. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1979.Google Scholar
Vechten, Carl. Nigger Heaven. New York: Knopf, 1926.Google Scholar
Von Eschen, Penny M.Race against Empire: Black Americans and Anticolonialism, 1937–1957. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Walcott, Derek. “Caligula's Horse” (opening address delivered at the eighth Conference on West Indian Literature, Mona, Jamaica, May 1988). In Slemon, Stephen and Tiffin, Helen (eds.), After Europe: Critical Theory and Post-Colonial Writing. Sydney: Dangaroo Press, 1989. 138–142.Google Scholar
Walcott, Derek. “What the Twilight Says: An Overture.” In Dream on Monkey Mountain and Other Plays. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1970. 3–40.Google Scholar
Wald, Alan M.Writing from the Left: New Essays on Radical Culture and Politics. New York: Verso, 1994.Google Scholar
Waldman, A.“A Pianist's Final Piece: DeWitt's Descent.”Callaloo 28.3 (2005): 648–656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waligora-Davis, Nicole. “Dunbar and the Science of Lynching.”African American Review 41.2 (Summer 2007): 303–309.Google Scholar
Waligora-Davis, Nicole. “Riotous Discontent: Ralph Ellison's ‘Birth of a Nation.’”Modern Fiction Studies 50.2 (Summer 2004): 385–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, Alice. By the Light of My Father's Smile. New York: Random House, 1998.Google Scholar
Walker, Alice. The Color Purple. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1982.Google Scholar
Walker, Alice. Her Blue Body Everything We Know: Earthling Poems 1965–1990 Complete. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1991.Google Scholar
Walker, Alice. In Love and Trouble: Stories of Black Women. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1974.Google Scholar
Walker, Alice. Meridian. 1976. New York: Pocket, 1986.Google Scholar
Walker, Alice. Now Is the Time to Open Your Heart. New York: Ballantine, 2004.Google Scholar
Walker, Alice. Possessing the Secret of Joy. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1992.Google Scholar
Walker, Alice. The Temple of My Familiar. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1989.Google Scholar
Walker, Alice. The Third Life of Grange Copeland. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1970.Google Scholar
Walker, David. Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World. 1829. with Introduction by Wilentz, Sean. New York: Hill and Wang, 1995.Google Scholar
Walker, David. David Walker's Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World. Ed. with Introduction by Hinks, Peter. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Walker, Margaret. “For My People.” 1942. In This Is My Century: New and Collected Poems. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1989. 6–7.Google Scholar
Walker, Margaret. Jubilee. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1966.Google Scholar
Walker, Margaret. “New Poets.”Phylon 11 (1950): 345–354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, Margaret. Richard Wright: Daemonic Genius. New York: Amistad, 1988.Google Scholar
Walker, Margaret. “Southern Song.” In This Is My Century: New and Collected Poems. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1989. 11.Google Scholar
Wall, Cheryl (ed.). Changing Our Own Words: Essays on Criticism, Theory and Writingby Black Women. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Wall, Cheryl (ed.). Worrying the Line: Black Women Writers, Lineage, and Literary Tradition. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Wallinger, Hannah. Pauline Hopkins: A Literary Biography. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Walrond, Eric. Tropic Death. New York: Boni and Liveright, 1926.Google Scholar
Ward, Jerry W. Jr.“Black South Literature: Before Day Annotations (for Blyden Jackson).”African American Review 27.2 Black South Issue, Part 2 of 2 (Summer 1993): 315–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, Samuel Ringgold. Autobiography of a Fugitive Negro: His Anti-Slavery Labours in the United States, Canada & England. London: John Snow, 1855.Google Scholar
Ward, Theodore. Big White Fog. 1938. London: Nick Hern Books, 2007.Google Scholar
Ward, Theodore. “Five Negro Novelists: Revolt and Retreat”. Mainstream 1.1 (1947): 100–110.Google Scholar
Ward, Theodore. Our Lan'. In Turner, Darwin T. (ed. and Intro.), Black Drama in America. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1994. 73–145.Google Scholar
Warren, Kenneth. Black and White Strangers: Race and American Literary Realism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Warren, Kenneth. So Black and Blue: Ralph Ellison and the Occasion of Criticism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Washington, Booker T.Up From Slavery. 1901. Three Negro Classics. Introduction by Franklin, John Hope. New York: Avon Books, 1965.Google Scholar
Washington, Mary. H. (ed. with Intro.). Invented Lives: Narratives of Black Women 1860–1960. New York: Anchor Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Washington, Mary. H. (ed. with Intro.). Memory of Kin: Stories about Family by Black Writers. New York: Doubleday, 1991.Google Scholar
Weber, Carl and Mary B. Morrison. She Ain't the One. New York: Dafina, 2006.Google Scholar
Weber, Carl. Lookin' for Luv. New York: Kensington, 2001.Google Scholar
Weber, Carl. Something on the Side. New York: Kensington, 2008.Google Scholar
Weixlmann, Joseph. “African American Deconstruction of the Novel in the Work of Ishmael Reed and Clarence Major”. MELUS 17.4 (Winter 1991–92): 57–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weld, Theodore Dwight. American Slavery As It Is; Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. New York: American Anti-Slavery Society, 1839.Google Scholar
Welter, Barbara. “The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820–1860”. American Quarterly 18.2 (1966): 151–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werner, Craig Hansen. Black American Women Novelists: An Annotated Bibliography. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Werner, Craig Hansen. Paradoxical Resolutions: American Fiction since James Joyce. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Werner, Craig Hansen. Playing the Changes: From Afro-Modernism to the Jazz Impulse. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.Google Scholar
West, Dorothy. The Living Is Easy. 1948. New York: The Feminist Press, 1986. The Wedding. New York: Random House, 1995.Google Scholar
Wetmore, Kevin J. Jr. and Smith-Howard, Alycia (eds.) Suzan-Lori Parks: A Casebook. New York: Routledge, 2007.Google Scholar
Wheatley, Phillis. Complete Writings. Ed. with Introduction by Carretta, Vincent. New York: Penguin, 2001.Google Scholar
Wheatley, Phillis. Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. London, 1773. In Complete Writings 3–65.Google Scholar
Wheeler, Roxann. The Complexion of Race: Categories of Difference in Eighteenth-Century Britain. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitehead, Colson. Apex Hides the Hurt. New York: Random House, 2006.Google Scholar
Whitehead, Colson. The Intuitionist. New York: Doubleday, 1999.Google Scholar
Whitehead, Colson. John Henry Days. New York: Doubleday, 2001.Google Scholar
Whiteley, W.A Selection of African Prose. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964.Google Scholar
Whitfield, James M.America”. In William Robinson, H. Jr. (ed.), Early Black American Poets: Selections with Biographical and Critical Introductions. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown Company, 1971. 40–43.Google Scholar
Whitlow, R.Black American Literature. Chicago, IL: Nelson Hall Printing, 1976.Google Scholar
Whitman, Albery A.An Idyl of the South. New York: The Metaphysical Publishing Company, 1901.Google Scholar
Whitman, Albery A.Leelah Misled. Elizabethtown, KY: Richard LaRue, 1873.Google Scholar
Whitman, Albery A.Not a Man, and Yet a Man. Springfield, OH: Republic Printing Company, 1877. “Preface”. In The Rape of Florida, or Twasinta's Seminoles. Rev. edn. St. Louis, MO: Nixon-Jones Printing Co., 1885. 7–10.Google Scholar
Wideman, John Edgar. Fanon. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2008.Google Scholar
Wideman, John Edgar. Fatheralong: A Meditation on Race and Society. New York: Pantheon, 1994.Google Scholar
Wideman, John Edgar. The Homewood Trilogy (Damballah [1981], Hiding Place [1981], Sent for You Yesterday [1983]. New York: Avon, 1985.Google Scholar
Wideman, John Edgar. (ed.). My Soul Has Grown Deep: Classics of Early African American Literature. Philadelphia, PA: Running Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Wideman, John Edgar. Philadelphia Fire. New York: Vintage 1990Google Scholar
Wilkerson, Doxey. “Negro Culture: Heritage and Weapon”. Masses and Mainstream (August 1949): 3–24.Google Scholar
Williams, Chancellor. Have You Been to the River?New York: Exposition Press, 1952.Google Scholar
Williams, Juan and Ashley, Dwayne. I'll Find a Way or Make One: A Tribute to Historically Black Colleges and Universities. New York: Amistad, 2004.Google Scholar
Williams, Linda. Playing the Race Card: Melodramas of Black and White from Uncle Tom to O.J. Simpson. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Williams, Peter. An Oration on the Abolition of the Slave Trade. New York: S. Wood, 1808. In Porter, Early Negro Writing 343–364.Google Scholar
Williams, Raymond. The Politics of Modernism: Against the New Conformists. New York: Verso, 1989.Google Scholar
Williams, Roland. African American Autobiography and the Quest for Freedom. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Williams, Saul. “Episode Two: Who Is Niggy Tardust?” Blip TV. http://blip.tv/file/1181877. Accessed January 15, 2008.
Williams, Saul. The Inevitable Rise and Liberation of Niggy Tardust. Fader Label, 2008. www.faderlabel.com.
Williams, Saul. Said the Shotgun to the Head. New York: MTV Books, 2003.Google Scholar
Williams, Sherley Anne. Dessa Rose. New York: William Morrow, 1986.Google Scholar
Williams, Sherley Anne. Give Birth to Brightness. New York: Dial, 1972.Google Scholar
Williams, Sherley Anne. The Peacock Poems. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Williams, Sherley Anne. Some One Sweet Angel Chile. New York: William Morrow, 1982.Google Scholar
Williams, Wendy and Hunter, Karen. Drama Is Her Middle Name. New York: Harlem Moon, 2006.Google Scholar
Williams, Wendy. Wendy's Got the Heat. New York: Atria, 2003.Google Scholar
Williams, Wendy. The Wendy Williams Experience. New York: Penguin/Dutton, 2004.Google Scholar
Williams, William Carlos. Paterson. New York: New Directions, 1963.Google Scholar
Williamson, Scott C.The Narrative Life: The Moral and Religious Thought of Frederick Douglass. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Willis, Deborah and Williams, Carla. The Black Female Body: A Photographic History. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Wilson, August. “August Wilson: The Art of Theater 14.” Interviewed by Bonnie Lyons and George Plimpton. Paris Review (Winter 1999): 1–28.Google Scholar
Wilson, August. Fences. Intro. Lloyd Richard. New York: New American Library, 1986.Google Scholar
Wilson, August. Gem of the Ocean. 2003. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 2006.Google Scholar
Wilson, August. “The Ground on Which I Stand.”American Theatre (September 1996): 14–16; 71–74.Google Scholar
Wilson, August. Jitney. 1979–2000. Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Wilson, August. Joe Turner's Come and Gone: A Play in Two Acts. New York: New American Library, 1988.Google Scholar
Wilson, August. King Hedley II. St. Paul, MN: Theatre Communications Group, 1999, 2001, 2005.Google Scholar
Wilson, August. Ma Rainey's Black Bottom: A Play in Two Acts. New York: New American Library, 1985.Google Scholar
Wilson, August. Piano Lesson. New York: Dutton, 1990.Google Scholar
Wilson, August. Radio Golf. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 2007.Google Scholar
Wilson, August. “Sailing the Stream of Black Culture.”New York Times April, 23 2000: Sec 2. 1, 36.Google Scholar
Wilson, August. Seven Guitars. New York: Dutton, 1996.Google Scholar
Wilson, August. “Theatre: Tuning ‘The Piano Lesson.’”New York Times Magazine 10 (September 1989): Sec 8; 18.Google Scholar
Wilson, August. Three Plays by August Wilson. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Wilson, August. Two Trains Running. New York: Plume Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Wilson, Harriet E.Our Nig, or, Sketches from the Life of a Free Black: in a Two-Story White House, North, Showing that Slavery's Shadows Fall Even There By Our Nig. Boston: Printed by Geo. C. Rand & Avery, 1859. New York: Penguin, 2005.Google Scholar
Wintz, Cary D.Black Culture and the Harlem Renaissance. Houston, TX: Rice University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Wolfe, George C.The Colored Museum: A Play. New York: Grove Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Wolters, Raymond. Negroes and the Great Depression: The Problem of Economic Recovery. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Wood, Marcus. Blind Memory: Visual Representations of Slavery in England and America, 1780–1865. New York: Routledge, 2000.Google Scholar
Woods, Jewel and Hunter, Karen. Don't Blame It on Rio: The Real Deal behind Why Men Go to Brazil for Sex. New York: Grand Central, 2008.Google Scholar
Woods, Paula L.Inner City Blues. New York: W. W. Norton, 1999.Google Scholar
Woods, Paula L.Stormy Weather. New York: One World/Ballantine, 2001.Google Scholar
Woods, Teri. Alibi. New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2009.Google Scholar
Woods, Teri. Deadly Reigns I. New York: Teri Woods Publishing, 2005.Google Scholar
Woods, Teri. Deadly Reigns II. New York: Teri Woods Publishing, 2006.Google Scholar
Woods, Teri. Dutch I. New York: Teri Woods Publishing, 2003.Google Scholar
Woods, Teri. Dutch II: Angel's Revenge. New York: Teri Woods Publishing, 2005.Google Scholar
Woods, Teri. True to the Game. New York: Teri Woods Publishing, 1998.Google Scholar
Woods, Teri. True to the Game II. New York: Teri Woods Publishing, 2007.Google Scholar
Woods, Teri. True to the Game III. New York: Teri Woods Publishing, 2008.Google Scholar
Worley, Sam. “Solomon Northup and the Sly Philosophy of the Slave Pen.”Callaloo 20.1 (Winter 1997): 243–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Worthington-Smith, Hammet. “Fenton Johnson.” In Dictionary of Literary Biography, vol. XIV. New York: Gale, 2005–6. 203.Google Scholar
Wright, David. “Collection Development ‘Urban Fiction’: Streetwise Urban Fiction.”Library Journal. Online edition. July 15, 2006. www.libraryjournal.com. Accessed May 17, 2008.Google Scholar
Wright, Richard. American Hunger. New York: Harper and Row, 1977.Google Scholar
Wright, Richard. “Between Laughter and Tears.”New Masses (October 5, 1937): 22–23.Google Scholar
Wright, Richard. Black Boy (American Hunger): A Record of Childhood and Youth. 1945. Intro. Jerry Ward. New York: Harper Perennial, 1993.Google Scholar
Wright, Richard. “Blueprint for Negro Writing.”The New Challenge: A Literary Quarterly 2.2 (1937). 53–65. Repr. in Mitchell, Within the Circle 97–106; and in Gates and McKay, The Norton Anthology 1380–1388Google Scholar
Wright, Richard. “How ‘Bigger’ Was Born.” In Native Son. 1940. Introduction Arnold Rampersad. New York: Harper Perennial, 1993. 505–540.Google Scholar
Wright, Richard. “I Tried to Be a Communist.” In Crossman, Richard (ed.), The God that Failed. 1949. New York: Books for Libraries Press, 1972. 115–162.Google Scholar
Wright, Richard. The Long Dream. New York: Doubleday, 1958.Google Scholar
Wright, Richard. “The Man Who Lived Underground.” 1946. In Wright, Ellen, and Fabre, Michele. (eds.),. The Richard Wright Reader. New York: Harper and Row, 1978. 517–577.Google Scholar
Wright, Richard. Native Son. 1940. New York: Harper Perennial, 1993.Google Scholar
Wright, Richard. The Outsider. New York: Harper, 1953.Google Scholar
Wright, Richard. Savage Holiday. New York: Avon, 1954.Google Scholar
Wright, Richard. 12 Million Black Voices: A Folk History of the Negro in the U.S. 1941. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Wright, Richard. Uncle Tom's Children. 1938. New York: Harper Perennial, 1993.Google Scholar
Yai, Olabiyi. “Poésie orale: quelle poétique?”Bulletin des études Africaines (Paris: INALCO) (1985): 107–123.Google Scholar
Yai, Olabiyi. “Towards a New Poetics of Oral Poetry in Africa.”Annals of the Institute of Cultural Studies 1 (1986): 40–55.Google Scholar
Yarborough, Richard. “Introduction.” In Richard Wright, Uncle Tom's Children. New York: Harper Perennial, 1993. ix–xxix.Google Scholar
Yee, Shirley J.Black Women Abolitionists: A Study in Activism, 1828–1860. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Yellin, Jean Fagan and Horne, John C. (eds.). The Abolitionist Sisterhood: Women's Political Culture in Antebellum America. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Yellin, Jean Fagan and Horne, John C. (eds.). Harriet Jacobs: A Life. New York: Basic Books, 2004.Google Scholar
Yellin, Jean Fagan and Horne, John C. (eds.). Women and Sisters: The Antislavery Feminists in American Culture. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Yerby, Frank. The Dahomean: An Historical Novel. New York: Dial, 1971.Google Scholar
Yerby, Frank. A Darkness at Ingraham's Crest: A Tale of the Slaveholding South. New York: Dial, 1979.Google Scholar
Yerby, Frank. Floodtide. New York: Dial, 1950.Google Scholar
Yerby, Frank. The Foxes of Harrow. New York: Dial, 1946.Google Scholar
Yerby, Frank. The Golden Hawk. New York: Dial, 1948.Google Scholar
Yerby, Frank. Pride's Castle. New York: Dial, 1949.Google Scholar
Yerby, Frank. The Saracen Blade. New York: Dial, 1952.Google Scholar
Yerby, Frank. Speak Now: A Modern Novel. New York: Dial, 1969.Google Scholar
Yerby, Frank. The Vixens. New York: Dial, 1947.Google Scholar
Yerby, Frank. A Woman Called Fancy. New York: Dial, 1951.Google Scholar
Young, James O.Black Writers of the Thirties. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Young, James O.The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Relations, and a Race Riot. Chicago Commission on Race Relations. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1922.Google Scholar
Young, James O.Revising the Blueprint: Ann Petry and the Literary Left. Ed. Lubin, Alex. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2007.Google Scholar
Young, James O.We Charge Genocide; The Historic Petition to the United Nations for Relief from a Crime of the United States Government against the Negro People. Civil Rights Congress. New edn ed. Patterson, William L.. 1951. New York: International Publisher, 1970.Google Scholar
Young, Jean. “The Re-objectification and Re-commodification of Saartjie Baartman in Suzan-Lori Parks's Venus.”African American Review 31.4 (1997): 699–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, John K.Black Writers, White Publishers: Marketplace Politics in Twentieth-Century African-American Literature. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2006.Google Scholar
Young, Kevin. “Black Cat Blues.” In Lehman, David, and Muldoon, Paul (eds.), Best American Poetry 2005. New York: Scribner, 2005.Google Scholar
Young, Kevin. Black Maria: Being the Adventures of Delilah Redbone & A.K.A. Jones: Poems Produced and Directed by Kevin Young. New York: Knopf, 2005.Google Scholar
Young, Kevin. Dear Darkness: Poems. New York: Knopf, 2008.Google Scholar
Young, Kevin. For the Confederate Dead. New York: Knopf, 2007.Google Scholar
Young, Kevin. Jelly Roll: A Blues / Composed & Arranged by Kevin Young. New York: Knopf, 2003.Google Scholar
Young, Kevin. Most Way Home: Poems. New York: William Morrow/Quill, 1995.Google Scholar
Young, Kevin. To Repel Ghosts: Five Sides in B Minor. Cambridge, MA: Zoland Books, 2001.Google Scholar
Young, Kevin. To Repel Ghosts: Remixed from the Original Masters. New York: Knopf, 2005.Google Scholar
Zane, . Addicted. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001.Google Scholar
Zane, . Afterburn. New York: Atria, 2005.Google Scholar
Zangrando, Robert L.“The NAACP and a Federal Antilynching Bill, 1934–1940.”Journal of Negro History 50.2 (April 1965): 106–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zilversmit, Alfred. The First Emancipation: The Abolition of Slavery in the North. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1967.Google Scholar
Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States. New York: Harper, 1980.Google Scholar
Zipes, Jack, Paul, Lissa, Vallone, Lynne, Hunt, Peter, and Avery, Gillian (eds.). The Norton Anthology of Children's Literature: The Traditions in English. New York: W. W. Norton, 2005.Google Scholar
Zumthor, Paul. Introduction à la poésie orale. Paris: Seuil, 1983. Trans. Kathyryn Murphy-Judy, Oral Poetry: An Introduction. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Bibliography
  • Edited by Maryemma Graham, University of Kansas, Jerry W. Ward, Jr, Dillard University, New Orleans
  • Book: The Cambridge History of African American Literature
  • Online publication: 28 May 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521872171.031
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Bibliography
  • Edited by Maryemma Graham, University of Kansas, Jerry W. Ward, Jr, Dillard University, New Orleans
  • Book: The Cambridge History of African American Literature
  • Online publication: 28 May 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521872171.031
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Bibliography
  • Edited by Maryemma Graham, University of Kansas, Jerry W. Ward, Jr, Dillard University, New Orleans
  • Book: The Cambridge History of African American Literature
  • Online publication: 28 May 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521872171.031
Available formats
×