We saw in the last section (8.7) of Chapter 8 that humans certainly were not free from strong selective pressures acting mostly on local populations after they left Africa to conquer the whole world. Thus, it seems that, despite widespread ideas claiming otherwise, our culture did not completely shield us from the rigours of biological evolution, at least until relatively recently. Here we will continue this list of examples, but we will focus on selective pressures that were generated by our own culture, and that fed back on our genomes, shaping them. Sometimes, this moulding of our genomes through selection has favoured the cultural practices that generated those selective pressures in the first place, or even allowed the development of new cultural practices, creating a full co-evolutionary spiral between biological and cultural evolution. For an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of cultural evolution see Richerson and Christiansen (2013); gene–culture evolution is nicely introduced in Richerson and Boyd (2008) and Feldman and Laland (1996), while more recent developments also covering niche construction (discussed in Odling-Smee et al., 2003) are described in Laland et al. (2010), Richerson et al. (2010), and the special issue (number 366) “Human niche construction” of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B (Biological Sciences) from 27 March 2011.